Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/devel' into compare/scenario-effects

test(compare): trace scenario action effects
compare: trace nation betting user lifecycle
2026-07-30 18:38:44 +00:00 · 2026-07-30 18:38:35 +00:00 · 2026-07-27 11:08:24 +00:00 · 2026-07-27 11:02:08 +00:00 · 2026-07-27 10:48:40 +00:00 · 2026-07-27 10:07:34 +00:00
118 changed files with 6686 additions and 2406 deletions
@@ -13,9 +13,6 @@ $db = DB::db();
 $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');

 [$turntime, $tnmt_time] = $gameStor->getValuesAsArray(['turntime','tnmt_time']);
-$clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-$turntimeDisplay = $clock->formatTick(Util::toInt($turntime), true);
-$tnmtTimeDisplay = $tnmt_time === null ? '-' : $clock->formatTick(Util::toInt($tnmt_time), true);

 $plock = $db->queryFirstField('SELECT plock FROM plock WHERE `type` ="GAME"');
 ?>
@@ -33,8 +30,8 @@ $plock = $db->queryFirstField('SELECT plock FROM plock WHERE `type` ="GAME"');
 </head>
 <body>
    <form action=_119_b.php method=post>
-    시간조정 : <input type=text size=3 name=minute><input type=submit name=btn value='분당김'><input type=submit name=btn value='분지연'> 최종갱신 : <?=$turntimeDisplay?> (tick <?=$turntime?>)<br>
-    시간조정 : <input type=text size=3 name=minute2><input type=submit name=btn value='토너분당김'><input type=submit name=btn value='토너분지연'> 토너먼트 : <?=$tnmtTimeDisplay?> (tick <?=$tnmt_time?>)<br>
+    시간조정 : <input type=text size=3 name=minute><input type=submit name=btn value='분당김'><input type=submit name=btn value='분지연'> 최종갱신 : <?=$turntime?><br>
+    시간조정 : <input type=text size=3 name=minute2><input type=submit name=btn value='토너분당김'><input type=submit name=btn value='토너분지연'> 토너먼트 : <?=$tnmt_time?><br>
    봉급지급 : <input type=submit name=btn value='금지급'><input type=submit name=btn value='쌀지급'><br>
    락 풀 기 : <input type=submit name=btn value='락걸기'><input type=submit name=btn value='락풀기'> 현재 : <?=$plock>0?"동결중":"가동중"?><br>
    </form>
@@ -38,9 +38,21 @@ switch ($btn) {
            usleep(500000);
        }

-        $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-        // 스케줄 전체를 벽시계에서 빼지 않고 논리 현재 tick만 앞으로 이동합니다.
-        $clock->advance($gameStor, $clock->ticksFromMinutes($minute));
+        $gameStor->cacheValues(['turntime', 'starttime', 'tnmt_time']);
+        $turntime = (new \DateTimeImmutable($gameStor->turntime))->sub(new \DateInterval("PT{$minute}M"));
+        $starttime = (new \DateTimeImmutable($gameStor->starttime))->sub(new \DateInterval("PT{$minute}M"));
+        $tnmt_time = (new \DateTimeImmutable($gameStor->tnmt_time))->sub(new \DateInterval("PT{$minute}M"));
+
+        $gameStor->turntime = $turntime->format('Y-m-d H:i:s.u');
+        $gameStor->starttime = $starttime->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
+        $gameStor->tnmt_time = $tnmt_time->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
+
+        $db->update('general', [
+            'turntime' => $db->sqleval('DATE_SUB(turntime, INTERVAL %i MINUTE)', $minute)
+        ], true);
+        $db->update('ng_auction', [
+            'close_date' => $db->sqleval('DATE_SUB(close_date, INTERVAL %i MINUTE)', $minute)
+        ], 'finished = 0');
        if ($locked) {
            unlock();
        }
@@ -54,19 +66,34 @@ switch ($btn) {
            }
            usleep(500000);
        }
-        $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-        $clock->advance($gameStor, -$clock->ticksFromMinutes($minute));
+        $gameStor->cacheValues(['turntime', 'starttime', 'tnmt_time']);
+        $turntime = (new \DateTimeImmutable($gameStor->turntime))->add(new \DateInterval("PT{$minute}M"));
+        $starttime = (new \DateTimeImmutable($gameStor->starttime))->add(new \DateInterval("PT{$minute}M"));
+        $tnmt_time = (new \DateTimeImmutable($gameStor->tnmt_time))->add(new \DateInterval("PT{$minute}M"));
+
+        $gameStor->turntime = $turntime->format('Y-m-d H:i:s.u');
+        $gameStor->starttime = $starttime->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
+        $gameStor->tnmt_time = $tnmt_time->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
+
+        $db->update('general', [
+            'turntime' => $db->sqleval('DATE_ADD(turntime, INTERVAL %i MINUTE)', $minute)
+        ], true);
+        $db->update('ng_auction', [
+            'close_date' => $db->sqleval('DATE_ADD(close_date, INTERVAL %i MINUTE)', $minute)
+        ], 'finished = 0');
        if ($locked) {
            unlock();
        }
        break;
    case "토너분당김":
-        $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-        $gameStor->tnmt_time = Util::toInt($gameStor->tnmt_time) - $clock->ticksFromMinutes($minute2);
+        $tnmt_time = new \DateTime($gameStor->tnmt_time);
+        $tnmt_time->sub(new \DateInterval("PT{$minute2}M"));
+        $gameStor->tnmt_time = $tnmt_time->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
        break;
    case "토너분지연":
-        $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-        $gameStor->tnmt_time = Util::toInt($gameStor->tnmt_time) + $clock->ticksFromMinutes($minute2);
+        $tnmt_time = new \DateTimeImmutable($gameStor->tnmt_time);
+        $tnmt_time->add(new \DateInterval("PT{$minute2}M"));
+        $gameStor->tnmt_time = $tnmt_time->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
        break;
    case "금지급":
        processGoldIncome();
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ $admin = getAdmin();
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width=110 align=right>시작시간변경</td>
-        <td width=285><input type=text size=20 maxlength=20 style=color:white;background-color:black;text-align:right; name=starttime value='<?=substr($admin['starttime_display'], 0, 19)?>'><input type=submit name=btn value=변경1></td>
+        <td width=285><input type=text size=20 maxlength=20 style=color:white;background-color:black;text-align:right; name=starttime value='<?=substr($admin['starttime'], 0, 19)?>'><input type=submit name=btn value=변경1></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width=110 align=right>최대 장수</td>
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ $admin = getAdmin();
        <td width=110 align=right>시작 년도</td>
        <td width=285><input type=text size=3 maxlength=3 style=color:white;background-color:black;text-align:right; name=startyear value='<?=$admin['startyear']?>'><input type=submit name=btn value=변경4></td>
        <td width=110 align=right>최근 갱신 시간</td>
-        <td width=285>&nbsp;<?=$admin['turntime_display']?> (tick <?=$admin['turntime']?>)</td>
+        <td width=285>&nbsp;<?=$admin['turntime']?></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width=110 align=right>턴시간</td>
@@ -43,12 +43,7 @@ switch ($btn) {
        pushGlobalHistoryLog(["<R>★</><S>{$log}</>"]);
        break;
    case "변경1":
-        $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-        $gameStor->clock_base_time = TimeUtil::format(GameClock::baseTimeForProjection(
-            new \DateTimeImmutable($starttime),
-            Util::toInt($gameStor->starttime),
-            $clock->getTurnTermMinutes(),
-        ), true);
+        $gameStor->starttime = (new \DateTime($starttime))->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
        break;
    case "변경2":
        $gameStor->maxgeneral = $maxgeneral;
@@ -83,4 +78,4 @@ switch ($btn) {
        break;
 }

-header('location:_admin1.php');
+header('location:_admin1.php');
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ switch ($btn) {
        ], '`no` IN %li', $genlist);
        break;
    case "강제 사망":
-        $date = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor)->nowTick();
+        $date = TimeUtil::now(true);
        $db->update('general', [
            'killturn' => 0,
            'turntime' => $date,
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ if ($session->userGrade < 6) {
 }

 $db = DB::db();
-$clock = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env'));

 if ($btn == '정렬하기') {
    $gen = 0;
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ $generalObj = General::createObjFromDB($gen, null, GeneralQueryMode::FullWithAcc
                    대상장수 :
                    <select name=gen size=1>
                        <?php foreach ($generalBasicList as $general) : ?>
-                            <option <?= $gen == $general['no'] ? 'selected' : '' ?> value='<?= $general['no'] ?>'><?= $general['name'] ?> (<?= substr($clock->formatTick(Util::toInt($general['turntime'])), 14, 5) ?>)</option>
+                            <option <?= $gen == $general['no'] ? 'selected' : '' ?> value='<?= $general['no'] ?>'><?= $general['name'] ?> (<?= substr($general['turntime'], 14, 5) ?>)</option>
                        <?php endforeach; ?>
                    </select>
                    <input type=submit name=btn value='조회하기'>
@@ -180,4 +179,4 @@ $generalObj = General::createObjFromDB($gen, null, GeneralQueryMode::FullWithAcc
    </table>
 </body>

-</html>
+</html>
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ $db = DB::db();
 $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
 increaseRefresh("현재도시", 1);

-$lastExecute = substr(GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor)->formatTick(Util::toInt($gameStor->turntime)), 5, 14);
+$lastExecute = substr($gameStor->turntime, 5, 14);

 $me = $db->queryFirstRow('SELECT no,nation,officer_level,city from general where owner=%i', $userID);
 $myNation = $db->queryFirstRow('SELECT nation,level,spy FROM nation WHERE nation=%i', $me['nation']) ?? [
@@ -537,4 +537,4 @@ $templates = new \League\Plates\Engine('templates');
                            </table>
 </body>

-</html>
+</html>
@@ -129,7 +129,6 @@ $templates = new \League\Plates\Engine('templates');
    );

    $generalTurnList = [];
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);

    foreach ($db->queryAllLists(
        'SELECT general_id, turn_idx, brief FROM general_turn WHERE general_id IN %li AND turn_idx < 5 ORDER BY general_id ASC, turn_idx ASC',
@@ -143,7 +142,6 @@ $templates = new \League\Plates\Engine('templates');

    $genCntEff = 0;
    foreach ($generals as &$general) {
-        $general['turntime'] = $clock->formatTick(Util::toInt($general['turntime']), true);
        $general['cityText'] = CityConst::byID($general['city'])->name;
        $general['troopText'] = $troopName[$general['troop']] ?? '-';

@@ -286,4 +284,4 @@ $templates = new \League\Plates\Engine('templates');
    </table>
 </body>

-</html>
+</html>
@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ $userID = Session::getUserID();
 $generalID = $session->generalID;

 $db = DB::db();
-$gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
-$gameStor->cacheValues(['turntime', 'opentime', 'autorun_user', 'npcmode']);
-$clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-$nowTick = $clock->nowTick();
+$gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
+$gameStor->cacheValues(['turntime', 'opentime', 'autorun_user', 'npcmode']);
+
+increaseRefresh("내정보", 1);

 $me = General::createObjFromDB($generalID, null, GeneralQueryMode::FullWithAccessLog);

@@ -41,30 +41,12 @@ $lastRefresh = $db->queryFirstField(
    $generalID
 );

-$nextChange = $me->getAuxVar('next_change');
-if (!is_int($nextChange)) {
-    $nextChange = null;
-}
-$nextChangeDisplay = $nextChange === null ? null : $clock->formatTick($nextChange);
-
-increaseRefresh("내정보", 1);
-if ($gameStor->turntime <= $gameStor->opentime) {
-    $targetTime = $me->getAuxVar('prestart_delete_after');
-    if (!is_int($targetTime)) {
-        $targetTime = addTurn(
-            $lastRefresh === null ? $nowTick : Util::toInt($lastRefresh),
-            $gameStor->turnterm,
-            GameConst::$minTurnDieOnPrestart
-        );
-        $me->setAuxVar('prestart_delete_after', $targetTime);
-        $me->applyDB($db);
-    }
-    $targetTimeDisplay = $clock->formatTick($targetTime);
-
-    //서버 가오픈시 할 수 있는 행동
-    if ($me->getNPCType() == 0 && $me->getNationID() == 0) {
+$targetTime = addTurn($lastRefresh, $gameStor->turnterm, GameConst::$minTurnDieOnPrestart);
+if ($gameStor->turntime <= $gameStor->opentime) {
+    //서버 가오픈시 할 수 있는 행동
+    if ($me->getNPCType() == 0 && $me->getNationID() == 0) {
        $showDieOnPrestartBtn = true;
-        if ($targetTime <= $nowTick) {
+        if ($targetTime <= TimeUtil::now()) {
            $availableDieOnPrestart = true;
        }
    }
@@ -177,7 +159,7 @@ $changeDefence999Atmos = $me->onCalcDomestic('changeDefenceTrain', "atmos999", $
            <a href="b_myPage.php?detachNPC=1"><button type="button" style=background-color:<?= GameConst::$basecolor2 ?>;color:white;width:160px;height:30px;font-size:14px;>빙의 해체 요청</button></a>-->

                        <?php if ($showDieOnPrestartBtn) : ?>
-                            가오픈 기간 내 장수 삭제 (<?= $targetTimeDisplay ?> 부터)<br>
+                            가오픈 기간 내 장수 삭제 (<?= substr($targetTime, 0, 19) ?> 부터)<br>
                            <button type="button" id='dieOnPrestart' style=background-color:<?= GameConst::$basecolor2 ?>;color:white;width:160px;height:30px;font-size:14px;>장수 삭제</button><br><br>
                        <?php endif; ?>

@@ -192,7 +174,7 @@ $changeDefence999Atmos = $me->onCalcDomestic('changeDefenceTrain', "atmos999", $
                        <?php endif; ?>

                        <?php if ($gameStor->npcmode == 2 && $me->getNPCType() == 0) : ?>
-                            다른 장수 선택 (<?= $nextChangeDisplay ?? '지금' ?>부터)<br>
+                            다른 장수 선택 (<?= substr($me->getAuxVar('next_change') ?? TimeUtil::now(), 0, 19) ?> 부터)<br>
                            <a href="select_general_from_pool.php" id='select_general_from_pool'><button type="button" style=background-color:<?= GameConst::$basecolor2 ?>;color:white;width:160px;height:30px;font-size:14px;>다른 장수 선택</button></a><br><br>
                        <?php endif; ?>

@@ -290,4 +272,4 @@ $changeDefence999Atmos = $me->onCalcDomestic('changeDefenceTrain', "atmos999", $
    </div>
 </body>

-</html>
+</html>
@@ -228,10 +228,10 @@ if($btn == "자동개최설정") {
    $phase = 0;
    startBetting($admin['tnmt_type'], 720);
 } elseif($btn == "베팅마감") {
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
+    $dt = date("Y-m-d H:i:s", time() + 60);
    $gameStor->tournament=7;
    $gameStor->phase=0;
-    $gameStor->tnmt_time = $clock->nowTick() + $clock->ticksFromSeconds(60);
+    $gameStor->tnmt_time = $dt;
 } elseif($btn == "16강") {
    finalFight($admin['tnmt_type'], $admin['tournament'], $admin['phase'], 16);
 } elseif($btn == "8강") {
@@ -248,4 +248,4 @@ if($btn == "자동개최설정") {
    $gameStor->tnmt_msg = $msg;
 }

-header('location:b_tournament.php');
+header('location:b_tournament.php');
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace sammo;
+
+use Ds\Map;
+use sammo\Enums\RankColumn;
+
+if (PHP_SAPI !== 'cli') {
+    http_response_code(404);
+    exit;
+}
+
+chdir(dirname(__DIR__));
+require_once 'lib.php';
+require_once 'func.php';
+
+final class ComparisonTracingRNG implements RNG
+{
+    private int $sequence = 0;
+
+    /** @var array<int, array<string, mixed>> */
+    public array $calls = [];
+
+    public function __construct(private readonly RNG $inner)
+    {
+    }
+
+    public static function getMaxInt(): int
+    {
+        return LiteHashDRBG::getMaxInt();
+    }
+
+    public function nextBytes(int $bytes): string
+    {
+        $value = $this->inner->nextBytes($bytes);
+        $this->record('nextBytes', ['bytes' => $bytes], bin2hex($value));
+        return $value;
+    }
+
+    public function nextBits(int $bits): string
+    {
+        $value = $this->inner->nextBits($bits);
+        $this->record('nextBits', ['bits' => $bits], bin2hex($value));
+        return $value;
+    }
+
+    public function nextInt(?int $max = null): int
+    {
+        $value = $this->inner->nextInt($max);
+        $this->record('nextInt', ['maxInclusive' => $max], $value);
+        return $value;
+    }
+
+    public function nextFloat1(): float
+    {
+        $value = $this->inner->nextFloat1();
+        $this->record('nextFloat1', [], $value);
+        return $value;
+    }
+
+    private function record(string $operation, array $arguments, mixed $result): void
+    {
+        $this->calls[] = [
+            'seq' => $this->sequence++,
+            'operation' => $operation,
+            'arguments' => $arguments,
+            'result' => $result,
+        ];
+    }
+}
+
+function comparisonExtractRankVar(array $raw): Map
+{
+    $rankVars = new Map();
+    foreach ($raw as $rawKey => $rawValue) {
+        $key = RankColumn::tryFrom($rawKey);
+        if ($key !== null) {
+            $rankVars[$key] = $rawValue;
+        }
+    }
+    return $rankVars;
+}
+
+function comparisonBuildGeneral(
+    array $raw,
+    array $city,
+    array $nation,
+    int $year,
+    int $month,
+    bool $defender = false,
+): General {
+    $aux = [];
+    if (array_key_exists('inheritBuff', $raw)) {
+        $aux['inheritBuff'] = $raw['inheritBuff'];
+    }
+    $raw['aux'] = Json::encode($aux);
+    $raw['owner'] = 0;
+    return new General(
+        $raw,
+        comparisonExtractRankVar($raw),
+        null,
+        $city,
+        $nation,
+        $year,
+        $month,
+        $defender,
+    );
+}
+
+function comparisonRunBattle(array $fixture): array
+{
+    $seed = (string)($fixture['seed'] ?? 'battle-differential');
+    $year = (int)$fixture['year'];
+    $month = (int)$fixture['month'];
+    $startYear = (int)($fixture['startYear'] ?? 180);
+    $rawAttacker = $fixture['attackerGeneral'];
+    $rawAttackerCity = $fixture['attackerCity'];
+    $rawAttackerNation = $fixture['attackerNation'];
+    $rawDefenderCity = $fixture['defenderCity'];
+    $rawDefenderNation = $fixture['defenderNation'];
+    // 비교 fixture에 명시된 경우에만 ref runtime의 scenario action chain을
+    // 활성화합니다. 일반 비교 fixture의 기존 동작은 그대로 유지합니다.
+    $scenarioEffect = $fixture['scenarioEffect'] ?? null;
+    if ($scenarioEffect === '' || $scenarioEffect === 'None') {
+        $scenarioEffect = null;
+    }
+    if (
+        $scenarioEffect !== null
+        && (!is_string($scenarioEffect) || getScenarioEffectClass($scenarioEffect) === null)
+    ) {
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException('scenarioEffect is invalid');
+    }
+    GameConst::$scenarioEffect = $scenarioEffect;
+
+    $tracingRng = new ComparisonTracingRNG(new LiteHashDRBG($seed));
+    $warRng = new RandUtil($tracingRng);
+    $attacker = new WarUnitGeneral(
+        $warRng,
+        comparisonBuildGeneral($rawAttacker, $rawAttackerCity, $rawAttackerNation, $year, $month),
+        $rawAttackerNation,
+        true,
+    );
+    $city = new WarUnitCity($warRng, $rawDefenderCity, $rawDefenderNation, $year, $month, $startYear);
+
+    $defenderList = [];
+    foreach ($fixture['defenderGenerals'] as $rawDefender) {
+        $defenderList[] = new WarUnitGeneral(
+            $warRng,
+            comparisonBuildGeneral($rawDefender, $rawDefenderCity, $rawDefenderNation, $year, $month, true),
+            $rawDefenderNation,
+            false,
+        );
+    }
+    if (count($defenderList) && extractBattleOrder($city, $attacker) > 0) {
+        $defenderList[] = $city;
+    }
+    usort(
+        $defenderList,
+        fn(WarUnit $lhs, WarUnit $rhs): int =>
+            -(extractBattleOrder($lhs, $attacker) <=> extractBattleOrder($rhs, $attacker)),
+    );
+
+    $iterDefender = new \ArrayIterator($defenderList);
+    $iterDefender->rewind();
+    $finishedDefenders = [];
+    $getNextDefender = function (?WarUnit $previous, bool $requestNext) use (
+        $iterDefender,
+        $attacker,
+        &$finishedDefenders,
+    ): ?WarUnit {
+        if ($previous !== null) {
+            $finishedDefenders[] = buildWarTraceUnitSnapshot($previous);
+        }
+        if (!$requestNext || !$iterDefender->valid()) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        $next = $iterDefender->current();
+        if (extractBattleOrder($next, $attacker) <= 0) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        $iterDefender->next();
+        return $next;
+    };
+
+    $events = [];
+    $conquered = processWar_NG(
+        $seed,
+        $attacker,
+        $getNextDefender,
+        $city,
+        static function (array $event) use (&$events): void {
+            $events[] = $event;
+        },
+    );
+
+    $attackerLogs = $attacker->getLogger()->rollback();
+    $defenderLogs = [];
+    foreach ($defenderList as $defenderUnit) {
+        if (!($defenderUnit instanceof WarUnitGeneral)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        $snapshot = buildWarTraceUnitSnapshot($defenderUnit);
+        $defenderLogs[(string)$snapshot['id']] = $defenderUnit->getLogger()->rollback();
+    }
+    $cityLogs = $city->getLogger()->rollback();
+
+    return [
+        'engine' => 'ref',
+        'seed' => $seed,
+        'conquered' => $conquered,
+        'attacker' => buildWarTraceUnitSnapshot($attacker),
+        'city' => buildWarTraceUnitSnapshot($city),
+        'finishedDefenders' => $finishedDefenders,
+        'events' => $events,
+        'rng' => $tracingRng->calls,
+        'logs' => [
+            'attacker' => $attackerLogs,
+            'defenders' => $defenderLogs,
+            'city' => $cityLogs,
+        ],
+    ];
+}
+
+$fixturePath = $argv[1] ?? null;
+if ($fixturePath === null || ($fixturePath !== '-' && !is_file($fixturePath))) {
+    fwrite(STDERR, "usage: php compare/battle_trace.php <fixture.json|->\n");
+    exit(2);
+}
+
+try {
+    $fixtureJson = $fixturePath === '-' ? stream_get_contents(STDIN) : file_get_contents($fixturePath);
+    $fixture = json_decode((string)$fixtureJson, true, flags: JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
+    echo json_encode(
+        comparisonRunBattle($fixture),
+        JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR | JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES | JSON_PRESERVE_ZERO_FRACTION,
+    ), PHP_EOL;
+} catch (\Throwable $throwable) {
+    fwrite(STDERR, $throwable::class . ': ' . $throwable->getMessage() . PHP_EOL);
+    exit(1);
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+{
+    "action": "AddGlobalBetray",
+    "args": [2, 1],
+    "setup": {
+        "resetGenerals": true,
+        "deleteOtherGenerals": true,
+        "keepGeneralIds": [1, 2, 3],
+        "general": [
+            { "id": 1, "values": { "name": "배신0", "betray": 0 } },
+            { "id": 2, "values": { "name": "배신1", "betray": 1 } },
+            { "id": 3, "values": { "name": "배신2", "betray": 2 } }
+        ]
+    },
+    "environment": {
+        "year": 194,
+        "month": 1,
+        "startyear": 190
+    },
+    "observe": {
+        "generalIds": [1, 2, 3]
+    },
+    "compactOutput": true
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+{
+    "action": "AssignGeneralSpeciality",
+    "setup": {
+        "resetGenerals": true,
+        "deleteOtherGenerals": true,
+        "keepGeneralIds": [1, 2, 3],
+        "general": [
+            {
+                "id": 1,
+                "values": {
+                    "name": "내정대상",
+                    "nation": 1,
+                    "age": 30,
+                    "leadership": 40,
+                    "strength": 45,
+                    "intel": 80,
+                    "special": "None",
+                    "specage": 30,
+                    "special2": "che_신산",
+                    "specage2": 99,
+                    "aux": {
+                        "prev_types_special": ["che_경작"]
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "id": 2,
+                "values": {
+                    "name": "전투대상",
+                    "nation": 1,
+                    "age": 30,
+                    "leadership": 80,
+                    "strength": 75,
+                    "intel": 40,
+                    "special": "che_인덕",
+                    "specage": 99,
+                    "special2": "None",
+                    "specage2": 30,
+                    "dex1": 200,
+                    "dex2": 10,
+                    "dex3": 10,
+                    "dex4": 10,
+                    "dex5": 10,
+                    "aux": {
+                        "prev_types_special2": ["che_돌격"]
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "id": 3,
+                "values": {
+                    "name": "계승대상",
+                    "nation": 2,
+                    "age": 30,
+                    "leadership": 50,
+                    "strength": 50,
+                    "intel": 50,
+                    "special": "che_경작",
+                    "specage": 99,
+                    "special2": "None",
+                    "specage2": 30,
+                    "aux": {
+                        "inheritSpecificSpecialWar": "che_의술",
+                        "marker": 3
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    "environment": {
+        "year": 200,
+        "month": 1,
+        "startyear": 190
+    },
+    "observe": {
+        "generalIds": [1, 2, 3]
+    },
+    "compactOutput": true
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+{
+  "action": "AutoDeleteInvader",
+  "compactOutput": true,
+  "args": [1],
+  "setup": {
+    "resetGenerals": true,
+    "deleteOtherGenerals": true,
+    "keepGeneralIds": [1],
+    "resetNations": true,
+    "deleteOtherNations": true,
+    "keepNationIds": [1],
+    "resetDiplomacy": true,
+    "nation": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "ⓞ남만족",
+          "capital": 69,
+          "gennum": 1,
+          "tech": 100,
+          "level": 2,
+          "type": "che_병가"
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "general": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "ⓞ남만대왕",
+          "nation": 1,
+          "city": 69,
+          "officer_level": 12,
+          "npc": 9
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "event": [
+      {
+        "id": 990001,
+        "action": [["AutoDeleteInvader", 1]]
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 200,
+    "month": 1,
+    "startyear": 190,
+    "currentEventID": 990001
+  },
+  "observe": {
+    "generalIds": [1]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+{
+    "action": "BlockScoutAction",
+    "args": [true],
+    "setup": {
+        "resetNations": true,
+        "deleteOtherNations": true,
+        "keepNationIds": [1, 2],
+        "nation": [
+            { "id": 1, "values": { "name": "위", "level": 2, "scout": 0 } },
+            { "id": 2, "values": { "name": "촉", "level": 2, "scout": 0 } }
+        ],
+        "gameEnvironment": {
+            "block_change_scout": false
+        }
+    },
+    "environment": {
+        "year": 200,
+        "month": 1,
+        "startyear": 190
+    },
+    "observe": {
+        "nationIds": [1, 2]
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+{
+  "action": "MonthlyBoundary",
+  "compactOutput": true,
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 190,
+    "month": 12,
+    "startyear": 190,
+    "turnterm": 10,
+    "starttime": "2026-07-25 00:00:00",
+    "turntime": "2026-07-25 02:00:00"
+  },
+  "setup": {
+    "syncEnvironment": true,
+    "world": {
+      "hiddenSeed": "monthly-boundary-core-catalog"
+    },
+    "gameEnvironment": {
+      "isunited": 1,
+      "refreshLimit": 3,
+      "block_change_scout": false
+    },
+    "resetCities": true,
+    "deleteOtherCities": true,
+    "keepCityIds": [1, 2],
+    "city": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "경계도시",
+          "level": 1,
+          "nation": 1,
+          "pop": 10000,
+          "pop_max": 20000,
+          "agri": 1000,
+          "agri_max": 2000,
+          "comm": 1000,
+          "comm_max": 2000,
+          "secu": 1000,
+          "secu_max": 2000,
+          "trust": 50,
+          "trade": 100,
+          "def": 1000,
+          "def_max": 2000,
+          "wall": 1000,
+          "wall_max": 2000,
+          "officer_set": 1,
+          "state": 31,
+          "term": 1,
+          "supply": 1,
+          "front": 2,
+          "conflict": {},
+          "dead": 0
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "중립도시",
+          "level": 8,
+          "nation": 0,
+          "pop": 12000,
+          "pop_max": 22000,
+          "agri": 1200,
+          "agri_max": 2200,
+          "comm": 1200,
+          "comm_max": 2200,
+          "secu": 1200,
+          "secu_max": 2200,
+          "trust": 55,
+          "trade": 100,
+          "def": 1200,
+          "def_max": 2200,
+          "wall": 1200,
+          "wall_max": 2200,
+          "officer_set": 1,
+          "state": 0,
+          "term": 0,
+          "supply": 0,
+          "front": 0,
+          "conflict": {},
+          "dead": 0
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "resetGenerals": true,
+    "deleteOtherGenerals": true,
+    "keepGeneralIds": [1, 2],
+    "general": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "경계군주",
+          "nation": 1,
+          "city": 1,
+          "officer_level": 12,
+          "npc": 0,
+          "age": 30,
+          "belong": 3,
+          "makelimit": 2,
+          "gold": 1000,
+          "rice": 1000,
+          "crew": 100,
+          "train": 80,
+          "atmos": 70,
+          "leadership": 50,
+          "strength": 50,
+          "intel": 50,
+          "experience": 0,
+          "dedication": 0,
+          "dex1": 0,
+          "dex2": 0,
+          "dex3": 0,
+          "dex4": 0,
+          "dex5": 0,
+          "personal": "None",
+          "special": "None",
+          "specage": 0,
+          "special2": "None",
+          "specage2": 0,
+          "betray": 0,
+          "bornyear": 160,
+          "deadyear": 250
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "경계재야",
+          "nation": 0,
+          "city": 2,
+          "officer_level": 0,
+          "npc": 0,
+          "age": 25,
+          "belong": 4,
+          "makelimit": 0,
+          "gold": 500,
+          "rice": 500,
+          "crew": 50,
+          "train": 60,
+          "atmos": 50,
+          "leadership": 40,
+          "strength": 40,
+          "intel": 40,
+          "experience": 0,
+          "dedication": 0,
+          "dex1": 0,
+          "dex2": 0,
+          "dex3": 0,
+          "dex4": 0,
+          "dex5": 0,
+          "personal": "None",
+          "special": "None",
+          "specage": 0,
+          "special2": "None",
+          "specage2": 0,
+          "betray": 0,
+          "bornyear": 165,
+          "deadyear": 250
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "resetNations": true,
+    "deleteOtherNations": true,
+    "keepNationIds": [1],
+    "nation": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "경계국",
+          "color": "#123456",
+          "capital": 1,
+          "gennum": 1,
+          "gold": 10000,
+          "rice": 20000,
+          "tech": 100,
+          "power": 10,
+          "level": 2,
+          "type": "che_유가",
+          "bill": 100,
+          "rate": 20,
+          "rate_tmp": 10,
+          "scout": 1,
+          "chief_set": 1,
+          "strategic_cmd_limit": 2,
+          "surlimit": 1,
+          "spy": "{}"
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "resetDiplomacy": true,
+    "resetEvents": true,
+    "event": [
+      {
+        "id": 991001,
+        "target": "PRE_MONTH",
+        "priority": 1000,
+        "condition": true,
+        "action": [
+          ["NoticeToHistoryLog", "aggregate-pre", 6]
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 991002,
+        "target": "MONTH",
+        "priority": 1000,
+        "condition": true,
+        "action": [
+          ["ProcessIncome", "gold"],
+          ["NewYear"],
+          ["ResetOfficerLock"],
+          ["RandomizeCityTradeRate"],
+          ["ChangeCity", "all", {"pop": "+10", "trust": 60}],
+          ["NoticeToHistoryLog", "aggregate-month", 6],
+          ["DeleteEvent"]
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "observe": {
+    "generalIds": [1, 2],
+    "nationIds": [1],
+    "cityIds": [1, 2],
+    "eventIds": [991001, 991002],
+    "accessGeneralIds": [1, 2]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+  "action": "NewYear",
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 191,
+    "month": 1,
+    "startyear": 190
+  },
+  "setup": {
+    "resetGenerals": true,
+    "deleteOtherGenerals": true,
+    "keepGeneralIds": [1, 2],
+    "general": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 1,
+          "age": 30,
+          "belong": 3
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 0,
+          "age": 30,
+          "belong": 4
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "observe": {
+    "generalIds": [1, 2]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "action": "NoticeToHistoryLog",
+  "args": ["<S>새해 알림</>", 6],
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 191,
+    "month": 1,
+    "startyear": 190
+  },
+  "setup": {},
+  "observe": {}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+{
+  "action": "ProcessIncome",
+  "args": ["gold"],
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 190,
+    "month": 7,
+    "startyear": 190
+  },
+  "setup": {
+    "resetCities": true,
+    "resetGenerals": true,
+    "deleteOtherGenerals": true,
+    "keepGeneralIds": [1],
+    "resetNations": true,
+    "deleteOtherNations": true,
+    "keepNationIds": [1],
+    "general": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 1,
+          "city": 1,
+          "officer_level": 5,
+          "npc": 0,
+          "gold": 1000,
+          "rice": 1000,
+          "dedication": 100
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "nation": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "갑국",
+          "capital": 1,
+          "gold": 10000,
+          "rice": 20000,
+          "level": 1,
+          "rate_tmp": 20
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "city": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "갑성",
+          "nation": 1,
+          "level": 4,
+          "supply": 1,
+          "pop": 10000,
+          "pop_max": 20000,
+          "agri": 1000,
+          "agri_max": 2000,
+          "comm": 1000,
+          "comm_max": 2000,
+          "secu": 1000,
+          "secu_max": 2000,
+          "trust": 80,
+          "def": 500,
+          "def_max": 1000,
+          "wall": 500,
+          "wall_max": 1000
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "observe": {
+    "generalIds": [1],
+    "nationIds": [1],
+    "cityIds": [1],
+    "nationEnvironmentKeys": ["prev_income_gold", "prev_income_rice"]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+  "action": "ResetOfficerLock",
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 191,
+    "month": 1,
+    "startyear": 190
+  },
+  "setup": {
+    "resetCities": true,
+    "resetNations": true,
+    "city": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 1,
+          "officer_set": 1
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "nation": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "chief_set": 1
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "observe": {
+    "cityIds": [1],
+    "nationIds": [1]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "action": "CreateAdminNPC",
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 193,
+    "month": 12,
+    "startyear": 190
+  },
+  "observe": {}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "action": "CreateManyNPC",
+  "args": [2, 0],
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 193,
+    "month": 5,
+    "startyear": 190,
+    "turnterm": 10,
+    "turntime": "0193-05-01 00:00:00"
+  },
+  "setup": {
+    "resetGenerals": true
+  },
+  "observe": {}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+    "action": "FinishNationBetting",
+    "args": [1],
+    "setup": {
+        "clearBetting": true,
+        "resetNations": true,
+        "deleteOtherNations": true,
+        "keepNationIds": [1, 2],
+        "nation": [
+            { "id": 1, "values": { "name": "위", "gennum": 1, "power": 100, "level": 2 } },
+            { "id": 2, "values": { "name": "촉", "gennum": 1, "power": 300, "level": 0 } }
+        ],
+        "resetGenerals": true,
+        "deleteOtherGenerals": true,
+        "keepGeneralIds": [1, 2],
+        "general": [
+            { "id": 1, "values": { "name": "장수1", "nation": 1, "owner": 1, "npc": 0 } },
+            { "id": 2, "values": { "name": "장수2", "nation": 2, "owner": 2, "npc": 0 } }
+        ],
+        "bettingInfo": [
+            {
+                "id": 1,
+                "type": "bettingNation",
+                "name": "천통국 예상",
+                "finished": false,
+                "selectCnt": 1,
+                "isExclusive": null,
+                "reqInheritancePoint": true,
+                "openYearMonth": 2400,
+                "closeYearMonth": 2424,
+                "candidates": [
+                    {
+                        "title": "위",
+                        "info": "국력: 100<br>장수 수: 1<br>도시 수: 1",
+                        "isHtml": true,
+                        "aux": { "nation": 1 }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "title": "촉",
+                        "info": "국력: 300<br>장수 수: 1<br>도시 수: 1",
+                        "isHtml": true,
+                        "aux": { "nation": 2 }
+                    }
+                ],
+                "winner": null
+            }
+        ],
+        "bet": [
+            { "betting_id": 1, "general_id": 0, "user_id": null, "betting_type": "[-1]", "amount": 100 },
+            { "betting_id": 1, "general_id": 1, "user_id": 1, "betting_type": "[0]", "amount": 100 },
+            { "betting_id": 1, "general_id": 2, "user_id": 2, "betting_type": "[1]", "amount": 100 }
+        ],
+        "inheritancePrevious": {
+            "1": 900,
+            "2": 900
+        },
+        "syncEnvironment": true
+    },
+    "environment": {
+        "year": 202,
+        "month": 1,
+        "startyear": 190
+    },
+    "observe": {
+        "generalIds": [1, 2],
+        "nationIds": [1, 2],
+        "ownerIds": [1, 2]
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+  "action": "InvaderEnding",
+  "compactOutput": true,
+  "setup": {
+    "resetNations": true,
+    "deleteOtherNations": true,
+    "keepNationIds": [1],
+    "setAllCitiesNation": 1,
+    "nation": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "기준국",
+          "capital": 1,
+          "gennum": 1,
+          "tech": 100,
+          "level": 2,
+          "type": "che_유가"
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "gameEnvironment": {
+      "isunited": 1,
+      "refreshLimit": 3
+    },
+    "event": [
+      {
+        "id": 990002,
+        "action": [["InvaderEnding"]]
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 200,
+    "month": 1,
+    "startyear": 190,
+    "currentEventID": 990002
+  },
+  "observe": {}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+{
+  "action": "InvaderLifecycle",
+  "args": [10, 150, 100, 20],
+  "setup": {
+    "resetCities": true,
+    "resetGenerals": true,
+    "deleteOtherGenerals": true,
+    "keepGeneralIds": [1],
+    "resetNations": true,
+    "deleteOtherNations": true,
+    "keepNationIds": [1],
+    "resetDiplomacy": true,
+    "resetEvents": true,
+    "city": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "기준도시",
+          "level": 3,
+          "nation": 1,
+          "pop": 1000,
+          "pop_max": 10000,
+          "agri": 2000,
+          "agri_max": 20000,
+          "comm": 3000,
+          "comm_max": 30000,
+          "secu": 4000,
+          "secu_max": 40000,
+          "def": 5000,
+          "def_max": 50000,
+          "wall": 6000,
+          "wall_max": 60000
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 48,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "남만",
+          "level": 4,
+          "nation": 0,
+          "pop": 1000,
+          "pop_max": 10000,
+          "agri": 2000,
+          "agri_max": 20000,
+          "comm": 3000,
+          "comm_max": 30000,
+          "secu": 4000,
+          "secu_max": 40000,
+          "def": 5000,
+          "def_max": 50000,
+          "wall": 6000,
+          "wall_max": 60000
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "nation": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "기준국",
+          "capital": 1,
+          "gennum": 1,
+          "tech": 100,
+          "level": 2,
+          "type": "che_유가"
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "general": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "군주",
+          "nation": 1,
+          "city": 1,
+          "officer_level": 12,
+          "npc": 0,
+          "leadership": 50,
+          "strength": 50,
+          "intel": 50,
+          "experience": 1000,
+          "dedication": 1000,
+          "dex1": 10,
+          "dex2": 20,
+          "dex3": 30,
+          "dex4": 40,
+          "dex5": 50,
+          "turntime": "0200-01-01 00:05:00"
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "gameEnvironment": {
+      "isunited": 0,
+      "refreshLimit": 3
+    },
+    "syncEnvironment": true
+  },
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 200,
+    "month": 1,
+    "startyear": 190,
+    "turnterm": 10,
+    "turntime": "0200-01-01 00:00:00",
+    "show_img_level": 3,
+    "fiction": [0]
+  },
+  "observe": {}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+{
+  "action": "LostUniqueItem",
+  "args": [0.2],
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 210,
+    "month": 1,
+    "startyear": 180
+  },
+  "setup": {
+    "syncEnvironment": true,
+    "resetGenerals": true,
+    "deleteOtherGenerals": true,
+    "keepGeneralIds": [1, 2],
+    "general": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "갑",
+          "npc": 0,
+          "horse": "che_명마_12_옥란백용구",
+          "weapon": "che_무기_15_의천검",
+          "book": "che_서적_01_효경전",
+          "item": "che_저지_삼황내문"
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "을",
+          "npc": 1,
+          "horse": "che_명마_12_사륜거",
+          "weapon": "che_무기_01_단도",
+          "book": "None",
+          "item": "che_부적_태현청생부"
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "observe": {
+    "generalIds": [1, 2]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+{
+  "action": "MergeInheritPointRank",
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 210,
+    "month": 1,
+    "startyear": 180
+  },
+  "setup": {
+    "resetGenerals": true,
+    "deleteOtherGenerals": true,
+    "keepGeneralIds": [1],
+    "clearInheritanceOwnerIds": [100],
+    "gameEnvironment": {
+      "isunited": 0
+    },
+    "general": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "갑",
+          "nation": 1,
+          "owner": 100,
+          "npc": 0,
+          "belong": 3,
+          "dex1": 1000,
+          "dex2": 0,
+          "dex3": 0,
+          "dex4": 0,
+          "dex5": 0
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "inheritancePoints": [
+      {"ownerId": 100, "key": "previous", "value": 999},
+      {"ownerId": 100, "key": "lived_month", "value": 2},
+      {"ownerId": 100, "key": "max_domestic_critical", "value": 4},
+      {"ownerId": 100, "key": "active_action", "value": 15},
+      {"ownerId": 100, "key": "unifier", "value": 6},
+      {"ownerId": 100, "key": "tournament", "value": 7}
+    ],
+    "rankData": [
+      {"generalId": 1, "type": "warnum", "value": 2},
+      {"generalId": 1, "type": "firenum", "value": 1},
+      {"generalId": 1, "type": "betwin", "value": 2},
+      {"generalId": 1, "type": "betgold", "value": 4000},
+      {"generalId": 1, "type": "betwingold", "value": 2000},
+      {"generalId": 1, "type": "inherit_earned_dyn", "value": 999},
+      {"generalId": 1, "type": "inherit_earned_act", "value": 11},
+      {"generalId": 1, "type": "inherit_earned", "value": 999},
+      {"generalId": 1, "type": "inherit_spent_dyn", "value": 9},
+      {"generalId": 1, "type": "inherit_spent", "value": 999}
+    ]
+  },
+  "observe": {
+    "generalIds": [1],
+    "ownerIds": [100],
+    "inheritanceKeys": [
+      "previous",
+      "lived_month",
+      "max_domestic_critical",
+      "active_action",
+      "unifier",
+      "tournament"
+    ],
+    "rankGeneralIds": [1],
+    "rankTypes": [
+      "inherit_earned",
+      "inherit_earned_act",
+      "inherit_earned_dyn",
+      "inherit_spent",
+      "inherit_spent_dyn"
+    ]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+{
+  "action": "NationBettingLifecycle",
+  "args": [1, 100],
+  "bettorGeneralIds": [1, 2],
+  "bettorOwnerIds": [1, 2],
+  "setup": {
+    "clearBetting": true,
+    "resetNations": true,
+    "deleteOtherNations": true,
+    "keepNationIds": [1, 2],
+    "nation": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "위",
+          "color": "#111111",
+          "capital": 1,
+          "gennum": 1,
+          "gold": 1000,
+          "rice": 2000,
+          "tech": 100,
+          "power": 100,
+          "level": 2,
+          "type": "che_유가"
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "촉",
+          "color": "#222222",
+          "capital": 2,
+          "gennum": 1,
+          "gold": 3000,
+          "rice": 4000,
+          "tech": 200,
+          "power": 300,
+          "level": 2,
+          "type": "che_병가"
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "resetCities": true,
+    "deleteOtherCities": true,
+    "keepCityIds": [1, 2],
+    "city": [
+      { "id": 1, "values": { "name": "허창", "nation": 1, "level": 3 } },
+      { "id": 2, "values": { "name": "성도", "nation": 2, "level": 3 } }
+    ],
+    "resetGenerals": true,
+    "deleteOtherGenerals": true,
+    "keepGeneralIds": [1, 2],
+    "general": [
+      { "id": 1, "values": { "name": "장수1", "nation": 1, "city": 1, "owner": 1, "npc": 0 } },
+      { "id": 2, "values": { "name": "장수2", "nation": 2, "city": 2, "owner": 2, "npc": 0 } }
+    ],
+    "inheritancePrevious": {
+      "1": 1000,
+      "2": 1000
+    },
+    "rankData": [
+      { "generalId": 1, "type": "inherit_spent_dyn", "value": 0 },
+      { "generalId": 1, "type": "inherit_earned_act", "value": 0 },
+      { "generalId": 2, "type": "inherit_spent_dyn", "value": 0 },
+      { "generalId": 2, "type": "inherit_earned_act", "value": 0 }
+    ],
+    "syncEnvironment": true
+  },
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 200,
+    "month": 1,
+    "startyear": 190
+  },
+  "observe": {}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+{
+  "action": "NpcNationLifecycle",
+  "setup": {
+    "resetCities": true,
+    "resetGenerals": true,
+    "resetNations": true,
+    "city": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "점유도시",
+          "level": 5,
+          "nation": 1,
+          "pop": 10001,
+          "pop_max": 50001,
+          "agri": 1001,
+          "agri_max": 5001,
+          "comm": 2001,
+          "comm_max": 6001,
+          "secu": 3001,
+          "secu_max": 7001,
+          "def": 4001,
+          "def_max": 8001,
+          "wall": 5001,
+          "wall_max": 9001
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 48,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "건국도시",
+          "level": 5,
+          "nation": 0,
+          "pop": 10048,
+          "pop_max": 50048,
+          "agri": 1048,
+          "agri_max": 5048,
+          "comm": 2048,
+          "comm_max": 6048,
+          "secu": 3048,
+          "secu_max": 7048,
+          "def": 4048,
+          "def_max": 8048,
+          "wall": 5048,
+          "wall_max": 9048
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "nation": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "기준국",
+          "capital": 1,
+          "gennum": 0,
+          "tech": 120,
+          "level": 2,
+          "type": "che_유가"
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "gameEnvironment": {
+      "lastNPCTroopLeaderID": 40
+    },
+    "syncEnvironment": true
+  },
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 200,
+    "month": 1,
+    "startyear": 190,
+    "turnterm": 10,
+    "turntime": "0200-01-01 00:00:00",
+    "show_img_level": 3,
+    "fiction": [0]
+  },
+  "observe": {}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+{
+    "action": "OpenNationBetting",
+    "args": [1, 500],
+    "setup": {
+        "clearBetting": true,
+        "resetNations": true,
+        "deleteOtherNations": true,
+        "keepNationIds": [1, 2],
+        "nation": [
+            {
+                "id": 1,
+                "values": {
+                    "name": "위",
+                    "color": "#111111",
+                    "capital": 1,
+                    "gennum": 1,
+                    "gold": 1000,
+                    "rice": 2000,
+                    "tech": 100,
+                    "power": 100,
+                    "level": 2,
+                    "type": "che_유가"
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "id": 2,
+                "values": {
+                    "name": "촉",
+                    "color": "#222222",
+                    "capital": 2,
+                    "gennum": 1,
+                    "gold": 3000,
+                    "rice": 4000,
+                    "tech": 200,
+                    "power": 300,
+                    "level": 2,
+                    "type": "che_병가"
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        "resetCities": true,
+        "city": [
+            { "id": 1, "values": { "nation": 1, "level": 3 } },
+            { "id": 2, "values": { "nation": 2, "level": 3 } }
+        ],
+        "resetGenerals": true,
+        "deleteOtherGenerals": true,
+        "keepGeneralIds": [1, 2],
+        "general": [
+            { "id": 1, "values": { "name": "장수1", "nation": 1, "city": 1, "owner": 1, "npc": 0 } },
+            { "id": 2, "values": { "name": "장수2", "nation": 2, "city": 2, "owner": 2, "npc": 0 } }
+        ],
+        "syncEnvironment": true
+    },
+    "environment": {
+        "year": 200,
+        "month": 1,
+        "startyear": 190
+    },
+    "observe": {
+        "generalIds": [1, 2],
+        "cityIds": [1, 2],
+        "nationIds": [1, 2]
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+{
+  "action": "PostUpdateMonthly",
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 193,
+    "month": 2,
+    "startyear": 193,
+    "seedYear": 193,
+    "seedMonth": 1
+  },
+  "setup": {
+    "world": {
+      "hiddenSeed": "monthly-post-diplomacy-fixture"
+    },
+    "syncEnvironment": true,
+    "resetGenerals": true,
+    "deleteOtherGenerals": true,
+    "keepGeneralIds": [1, 2, 3, 4],
+    "resetNations": true,
+    "deleteOtherNations": true,
+    "keepNationIds": [1, 2, 3, 4],
+    "general": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "갑장",
+          "nation": 1,
+          "npc": 2,
+          "crew": 0,
+          "gold": 0,
+          "rice": 0,
+          "leadership": 10,
+          "strength": 10,
+          "intel": 10,
+          "experience": 0,
+          "dedication": 0
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "을장",
+          "nation": 2,
+          "npc": 2,
+          "crew": 0,
+          "gold": 0,
+          "rice": 0,
+          "leadership": 10,
+          "strength": 10,
+          "intel": 10,
+          "experience": 0,
+          "dedication": 0
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 3,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "병장",
+          "nation": 3,
+          "npc": 2,
+          "crew": 0,
+          "gold": 0,
+          "rice": 0,
+          "leadership": 10,
+          "strength": 10,
+          "intel": 10,
+          "experience": 0,
+          "dedication": 0
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 4,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "정장",
+          "nation": 4,
+          "npc": 2,
+          "crew": 0,
+          "gold": 0,
+          "rice": 0,
+          "leadership": 10,
+          "strength": 10,
+          "intel": 10,
+          "experience": 0,
+          "dedication": 0
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "nation": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "갑국",
+          "gennum": 2,
+          "level": 1
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "을국",
+          "gennum": 1,
+          "level": 1
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 3,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "병국",
+          "gennum": 1,
+          "level": 1
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 4,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "정국",
+          "gennum": 1,
+          "level": 1
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "resetDiplomacy": true,
+    "diplomacy": [
+      {
+        "fromNationId": 1,
+        "toNationId": 2,
+        "state": 1,
+        "term": 1,
+        "dead": 777
+      },
+      {
+        "fromNationId": 2,
+        "toNationId": 1,
+        "state": 1,
+        "term": 1,
+        "dead": 888
+      },
+      {
+        "fromNationId": 1,
+        "toNationId": 3,
+        "state": 0,
+        "term": 5,
+        "dead": 250
+      },
+      {
+        "fromNationId": 3,
+        "toNationId": 1,
+        "state": 0,
+        "term": 5,
+        "dead": 50
+      },
+      {
+        "fromNationId": 3,
+        "toNationId": 4,
+        "state": 0,
+        "term": 1,
+        "dead": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "fromNationId": 4,
+        "toNationId": 3,
+        "state": 0,
+        "term": 1,
+        "dead": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "fromNationId": 2,
+        "toNationId": 4,
+        "state": 7,
+        "term": 1,
+        "dead": 999
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "observe": {
+    "generalIds": [1, 2, 3, 4],
+    "nationIds": [1, 2, 3, 4]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+{
+  "action": "PostUpdateMonthly",
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 193,
+    "month": 2,
+    "startyear": 193,
+    "seedYear": 193,
+    "seedMonth": 1
+  },
+  "setup": {
+    "world": {
+      "hiddenSeed": "monthly-post-nation-stats-fixture"
+    },
+    "syncEnvironment": true,
+    "resetCities": true,
+    "resetGenerals": true,
+    "deleteOtherGenerals": true,
+    "keepGeneralIds": [1, 2],
+    "resetNations": true,
+    "deleteOtherNations": true,
+    "keepNationIds": [1, 2],
+    "resetDiplomacy": true,
+    "general": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 1,
+          "npc": 0,
+          "gold": 1000,
+          "rice": 2000,
+          "crew": 100,
+          "leadership": 50,
+          "strength": 40,
+          "intel": 30,
+          "experience": 100,
+          "dedication": 200,
+          "dex1": 1000,
+          "dex2": 0,
+          "dex3": 0,
+          "dex4": 0,
+          "dex5": 0
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 2,
+          "npc": 2,
+          "gold": 3000,
+          "rice": 4000,
+          "crew": 200,
+          "leadership": 60,
+          "strength": 50,
+          "intel": 40,
+          "experience": 300,
+          "dedication": 400,
+          "dex1": 2000,
+          "dex2": 1000,
+          "dex3": 0,
+          "dex4": 0,
+          "dex5": 0
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "rankData": [
+      {"generalId": 1, "type": "killcrew_person", "value": 100},
+      {"generalId": 1, "type": "deathcrew_person", "value": 0},
+      {"generalId": 2, "type": "killcrew_person", "value": 0},
+      {"generalId": 2, "type": "deathcrew_person", "value": 100}
+    ],
+    "nation": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "갑국",
+          "gold": 10000,
+          "rice": 20000,
+          "tech": 100,
+          "level": 2,
+          "gennum": 9,
+          "power": 7
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "을국",
+          "gold": 2000,
+          "rice": 3000,
+          "tech": 50,
+          "level": 1,
+          "gennum": 8,
+          "power": 8
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "city": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "갑성",
+          "nation": 1,
+          "level": 4,
+          "supply": 1,
+          "pop": 1000,
+          "pop_max": 2000,
+          "agri": 100,
+          "agri_max": 200,
+          "comm": 100,
+          "comm_max": 200,
+          "secu": 100,
+          "secu_max": 200,
+          "def": 100,
+          "def_max": 200,
+          "wall": 100,
+          "wall_max": 200
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "을성",
+          "nation": 2,
+          "level": 4,
+          "supply": 1,
+          "pop": 2000,
+          "pop_max": 4000,
+          "agri": 200,
+          "agri_max": 400,
+          "comm": 200,
+          "comm_max": 400,
+          "secu": 200,
+          "secu_max": 400,
+          "def": 200,
+          "def_max": 400,
+          "wall": 200,
+          "wall_max": 400
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "nationEnvironment": [
+      {
+        "nationId": 1,
+        "key": "max_power",
+        "value": {
+          "maxPower": 999,
+          "maxCrew": 50,
+          "maxCities": ["옛도시", "옛도시2"]
+        }
+      },
+      {"nationId": 1, "key": "available_war_setting_cnt", "value": 1}
+    ]
+  },
+  "observe": {
+    "generalIds": [1, 2],
+    "nationIds": [1, 2],
+    "cityIds": [1, 2],
+    "rankGeneralIds": [1, 2],
+    "rankTypes": ["killcrew_person", "deathcrew_person"],
+    "nationEnvironmentKeys": ["max_power", "available_war_setting_cnt"]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+{
+  "action": "PostUpdateMonthly",
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 193,
+    "month": 2,
+    "startyear": 193,
+    "seedYear": 193,
+    "seedMonth": 1
+  },
+  "setup": {
+    "world": {
+      "hiddenSeed": "monthly-post-tail-2"
+    },
+    "syncEnvironment": true,
+    "clearNeutralAuctions": true,
+    "resetCities": true,
+    "resetGenerals": true,
+    "deleteOtherGenerals": true,
+    "keepGeneralIds": [1, 2],
+    "resetNations": true,
+    "deleteOtherNations": true,
+    "keepNationIds": [1, 2],
+    "resetDiplomacy": true,
+    "gameEnvironment": {
+      "tournament": 0,
+      "tnmt_trig": true,
+      "tnmt_pattern": [0, 1, 2, 3],
+      "prev_winner": null
+    },
+    "general": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "갑장",
+          "nation": 1,
+          "city": 1,
+          "officer_level": 12,
+          "npc": 0,
+          "gold": 5000,
+          "rice": 7000,
+          "crew": 100,
+          "leadership": 50,
+          "strength": 40,
+          "intel": 30,
+          "experience": 100,
+          "dedication": 200
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "을장",
+          "nation": 2,
+          "city": 2,
+          "officer_level": 12,
+          "npc": 0,
+          "gold": 6000,
+          "rice": 8000,
+          "crew": 200,
+          "leadership": 60,
+          "strength": 50,
+          "intel": 40,
+          "experience": 300,
+          "dedication": 400
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "nation": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "갑국",
+          "capital": 1,
+          "gold": 10000,
+          "rice": 20000,
+          "tech": 100,
+          "level": 2,
+          "gennum": 1,
+          "power": 7
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "을국",
+          "capital": 2,
+          "gold": 2000,
+          "rice": 3000,
+          "tech": 50,
+          "level": 1,
+          "gennum": 1,
+          "power": 8
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "city": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "갑성",
+          "nation": 1,
+          "level": 4,
+          "supply": 1,
+          "front": 3,
+          "pop": 1000,
+          "pop_max": 2000
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "을성",
+          "nation": 2,
+          "level": 4,
+          "supply": 1,
+          "front": 3,
+          "pop": 2000,
+          "pop_max": 4000
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "observe": {
+    "generalIds": [1, 2],
+    "nationIds": [1, 2],
+    "cityIds": [1, 2]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+{
+  "action": "PostUpdateMonthly",
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 195,
+    "month": 2,
+    "startyear": 193,
+    "seedYear": 195,
+    "seedMonth": 1
+  },
+  "setup": {
+    "world": {
+      "hiddenSeed": "monthly-post-wander-fixture"
+    },
+    "syncEnvironment": true,
+    "resetCities": true,
+    "city": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "방랑성",
+          "nation": 4,
+          "level": 4,
+          "front": 1
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "존속성",
+          "nation": 1,
+          "level": 4,
+          "front": 1
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "resetGenerals": true,
+    "deleteOtherGenerals": true,
+    "keepGeneralIds": [1, 2, 3],
+    "general": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "방랑주",
+          "nation": 4,
+          "city": 1,
+          "officer_level": 12,
+          "npc": 2,
+          "gold": 2000,
+          "rice": 3000,
+          "crew": 100,
+          "makelimit": 0,
+          "belong": 7,
+          "leadership": 50,
+          "strength": 40,
+          "intel": 30,
+          "experience": 100,
+          "dedication": 200
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "방랑객",
+          "nation": 4,
+          "city": 1,
+          "officer_level": 1,
+          "npc": 0,
+          "gold": 1500,
+          "rice": 4000,
+          "crew": 200,
+          "makelimit": 0,
+          "belong": 5,
+          "leadership": 60,
+          "strength": 50,
+          "intel": 40,
+          "experience": 300,
+          "dedication": 400
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 3,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "존속장",
+          "nation": 1,
+          "city": 2,
+          "officer_level": 12,
+          "npc": 2,
+          "gold": 500,
+          "rice": 500,
+          "crew": 50,
+          "leadership": 50,
+          "strength": 50,
+          "intel": 50,
+          "experience": 0,
+          "dedication": 0
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "resetNations": true,
+    "deleteOtherNations": true,
+    "keepNationIds": [1, 4],
+    "nation": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "존속국",
+          "gennum": 1,
+          "level": 1
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 4,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "방랑국",
+          "gennum": 2,
+          "level": 0
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "resetDiplomacy": true,
+    "diplomacy": [
+      {
+        "fromNationId": 1,
+        "toNationId": 4,
+        "state": 2,
+        "term": 0,
+        "dead": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "fromNationId": 4,
+        "toNationId": 1,
+        "state": 2,
+        "term": 0,
+        "dead": 0
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "observe": {
+    "generalIds": [1, 2, 3],
+    "nationIds": [1, 4],
+    "cityIds": [1, 2]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+{
+  "action": "PreUpdateMonthly",
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 200,
+    "month": 12,
+    "startyear": 190
+  },
+  "setup": {
+    "syncEnvironment": true,
+    "resetGenerals": true,
+    "deleteOtherGenerals": true,
+    "keepGeneralIds": [1, 2],
+    "general": [
+      {"id": 1, "values": {"makelimit": 2}},
+      {"id": 2, "values": {"makelimit": 0}}
+    ],
+    "generalAccessLog": [
+      {"generalId": 1, "refreshScoreTotal": 101},
+      {"generalId": 2, "refreshScoreTotal": 1}
+    ],
+    "nation": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "rate": 35,
+          "rate_tmp": 10,
+          "strategic_cmd_limit": 2,
+          "surlimit": 1,
+          "spy": "{\"1\":1,\"2\":2}"
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "city": [
+      {"id": 1, "values": {"state": 31, "term": 1, "conflict": {"1": 10}}},
+      {"id": 2, "values": {"state": 32, "term": 2, "conflict": {"1": 20}}},
+      {"id": 3, "values": {"state": 33, "term": 0, "conflict": {"1": 30}}},
+      {"id": 4, "values": {"state": 34, "term": 3, "conflict": {"1": 40}}},
+      {"id": 5, "values": {"state": 41, "term": 1, "conflict": {"1": 50}}},
+      {"id": 6, "values": {"state": 42, "term": 2, "conflict": {"1": 60}}},
+      {"id": 7, "values": {"state": 43, "term": 3, "conflict": {"1": 70}}}
+    ]
+  },
+  "observe": {
+    "generalIds": [1, 2],
+    "nationIds": [1],
+    "cityIds": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
+    "accessGeneralIds": [1, 2]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+{
+  "action": "ProcessIncome",
+  "args": ["gold"],
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 190,
+    "month": 7,
+    "startyear": 190
+  },
+  "setup": {
+    "resetCities": true,
+    "resetGenerals": true,
+    "deleteOtherGenerals": true,
+    "keepGeneralIds": [1],
+    "resetNations": true,
+    "deleteOtherNations": true,
+    "keepNationIds": [1],
+    "general": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 1,
+          "city": 1,
+          "officer_level": 5,
+          "npc": 0,
+          "gold": 1000,
+          "rice": 1000,
+          "dedication": 100
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "nation": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "갑국",
+          "capital": 1,
+          "gold": 10000,
+          "rice": 20000,
+          "level": 1,
+          "rate": 35,
+          "rate_tmp": 10
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "city": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "갑성",
+          "nation": 1,
+          "level": 4,
+          "supply": 1,
+          "pop": 10000,
+          "pop_max": 20000,
+          "agri": 1000,
+          "agri_max": 2000,
+          "comm": 1000,
+          "comm_max": 2000,
+          "secu": 1000,
+          "secu_max": 2000,
+          "trust": 80,
+          "def": 500,
+          "def_max": 1000,
+          "wall": 500,
+          "wall_max": 1000
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "observe": {
+    "generalIds": [1],
+    "nationIds": [1],
+    "cityIds": [1],
+    "nationEnvironmentKeys": ["prev_income_gold", "prev_income_rice"]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+{
+  "action": "ProcessSemiAnnual",
+  "resource": "gold",
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 193,
+    "month": 1,
+    "startyear": 190
+  },
+  "setup": {
+    "resetCities": true,
+    "resetGenerals": true,
+    "nation": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "반기검증국",
+          "gold": 100001,
+          "rice": 7777,
+          "rate_tmp": 20,
+          "type": "che_도가"
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "city": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 1,
+          "supply": 1,
+          "pop": 10000,
+          "pop_max": 50000,
+          "agri": 1001,
+          "agri_max": 5000,
+          "comm": 1001,
+          "comm_max": 5000,
+          "secu": 1001,
+          "secu_max": 2000,
+          "trust": 55,
+          "def": 1001,
+          "def_max": 5000,
+          "wall": 1001,
+          "wall_max": 5000,
+          "dead": 123
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 1,
+          "supply": 0,
+          "pop": 10000,
+          "pop_max": 50000,
+          "agri": 1001,
+          "agri_max": 5000,
+          "comm": 1001,
+          "comm_max": 5000,
+          "secu": 1001,
+          "secu_max": 2000,
+          "trust": 55,
+          "def": 1001,
+          "def_max": 5000,
+          "wall": 1001,
+          "wall_max": 5000,
+          "dead": 123
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 3,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 0,
+          "supply": 1,
+          "pop": 10000,
+          "pop_max": 50000,
+          "agri": 1001,
+          "agri_max": 5000,
+          "comm": 1001,
+          "comm_max": 5000,
+          "secu": 1001,
+          "secu_max": 2000,
+          "trust": 55,
+          "def": 1001,
+          "def_max": 5000,
+          "wall": 1001,
+          "wall_max": 5000,
+          "dead": 123
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "general": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 1,
+          "city": 1,
+          "gold": 10001,
+          "rice": 8888
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "observe": {
+    "generalIds": [1],
+    "cityIds": [1, 2, 3],
+    "nationIds": [1]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+{
+  "action": "ProcessSemiAnnual",
+  "resource": "gold",
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 193,
+    "month": 1,
+    "startyear": 190
+  },
+  "setup": {
+    "resetCities": true,
+    "resetGenerals": true,
+    "nation": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "반기검증국",
+          "gold": 100001,
+          "rice": 7777,
+          "rate": 50,
+          "rate_tmp": 20,
+          "type": "che_중립"
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "city": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 1,
+          "supply": 1,
+          "pop": 10000,
+          "pop_max": 50000,
+          "agri": 1001,
+          "agri_max": 5000,
+          "comm": 1001,
+          "comm_max": 5000,
+          "secu": 1001,
+          "secu_max": 2000,
+          "trust": 55,
+          "def": 1001,
+          "def_max": 5000,
+          "wall": 1001,
+          "wall_max": 5000,
+          "dead": 123
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "general": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 1,
+          "city": 1,
+          "gold": 10001,
+          "rice": 8888
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "observe": {
+    "generalIds": [1],
+    "cityIds": [1],
+    "nationIds": [1]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+{
+  "action": "ProcessWarIncome",
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 193,
+    "month": 1,
+    "startyear": 190
+  },
+  "setup": {
+    "resetCities": true,
+    "nation": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "전쟁수입국",
+          "gold": 1000,
+          "level": 1,
+          "type": "che_중립"
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "비활성국",
+          "gold": 2000,
+          "level": 0,
+          "type": "che_중립"
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 3,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "법가국",
+          "gold": 3000,
+          "level": 1,
+          "type": "che_법가"
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "city": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 1,
+          "supply": 1,
+          "pop": 1000,
+          "pop_max": 2000,
+          "dead": 101
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 1,
+          "supply": 0,
+          "pop": 1000,
+          "pop_max": 2000,
+          "dead": 999
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 3,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 2,
+          "supply": 1,
+          "pop": 1000,
+          "pop_max": 2000,
+          "dead": 1000
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 4,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 3,
+          "supply": 1,
+          "pop": 1000,
+          "pop_max": 2000,
+          "dead": 105
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 5,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 0,
+          "supply": 1,
+          "pop": 999,
+          "pop_max": 1000,
+          "dead": 10
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "observe": {
+    "cityIds": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
+    "nationIds": [1, 2, 3]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+{
+  "action": "RaiseInvader",
+  "compactOutput": true,
+  "args": [10, 150, 100, 20],
+  "setup": {
+    "resetCities": true,
+    "resetGenerals": true,
+    "deleteOtherGenerals": true,
+    "keepGeneralIds": [1],
+    "resetNations": true,
+    "deleteOtherNations": true,
+    "keepNationIds": [1],
+    "city": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "level": 3,
+          "nation": 1,
+          "pop": 1000,
+          "pop_max": 10000,
+          "agri": 2000,
+          "agri_max": 20000,
+          "comm": 3000,
+          "comm_max": 30000,
+          "secu": 4000,
+          "secu_max": 40000,
+          "def": 5000,
+          "def_max": 50000,
+          "wall": 6000,
+          "wall_max": 60000
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 48,
+        "values": {
+          "level": 4,
+          "nation": 0,
+          "pop": 1000,
+          "pop_max": 10000,
+          "agri": 2000,
+          "agri_max": 20000,
+          "comm": 3000,
+          "comm_max": 30000,
+          "secu": 4000,
+          "secu_max": 40000,
+          "def": 5000,
+          "def_max": 50000,
+          "wall": 6000,
+          "wall_max": 60000
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "nation": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "기준국",
+          "capital": 1,
+          "gennum": 1,
+          "tech": 100,
+          "level": 2,
+          "type": "che_유가"
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "general": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "군주",
+          "nation": 1,
+          "city": 1,
+          "officer_level": 12,
+          "npc": 0,
+          "leadership": 50,
+          "strength": 50,
+          "intel": 50,
+          "experience": 1000,
+          "dedication": 1000,
+          "dex1": 10,
+          "dex2": 20,
+          "dex3": 30,
+          "dex4": 40,
+          "dex5": 50,
+          "turntime": "0200-01-01 00:05:00"
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "syncEnvironment": true
+  },
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 200,
+    "month": 1,
+    "startyear": 190,
+    "turnterm": 10,
+    "turntime": "0200-01-01 00:00:00",
+    "show_img_level": 3,
+    "fiction": [0]
+  },
+  "observe": {
+    "generalIds": [1],
+    "cityIds": [1, 48],
+    "nationIds": [1]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+{
+  "action": "RaiseNPCNation",
+  "setup": {
+    "resetCities": true,
+    "resetGenerals": true,
+    "resetNations": true,
+    "city": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "점유도시",
+          "level": 5,
+          "nation": 1,
+          "pop": 10001,
+          "pop_max": 50001,
+          "agri": 1001,
+          "agri_max": 5001,
+          "comm": 2001,
+          "comm_max": 6001,
+          "secu": 3001,
+          "secu_max": 7001,
+          "def": 4001,
+          "def_max": 8001,
+          "wall": 5001,
+          "wall_max": 9001
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 48,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "건국도시",
+          "level": 5,
+          "nation": 0,
+          "pop": 10048,
+          "pop_max": 50048,
+          "agri": 1048,
+          "agri_max": 5048,
+          "comm": 2048,
+          "comm_max": 6048,
+          "secu": 3048,
+          "secu_max": 7048,
+          "def": 4048,
+          "def_max": 8048,
+          "wall": 5048,
+          "wall_max": 9048
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "nation": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "기준국",
+          "capital": 1,
+          "gennum": 1,
+          "tech": 120,
+          "level": 2,
+          "type": "che_유가"
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "syncEnvironment": true
+  },
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 200,
+    "month": 1,
+    "startyear": 190,
+    "turnterm": 10,
+    "turntime": "0200-01-01 00:00:00",
+    "show_img_level": 3,
+    "fiction": [0]
+  },
+  "observe": {
+    "cityIds": [1, 48],
+    "nationIds": [1]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+  "action": "RegNeutralNPC",
+  "args": [
+    0,
+    "등록재야",
+    null,
+    0,
+    33,
+    45,
+    55,
+    65,
+    180,
+    245,
+    null,
+    "무쌍",
+    ""
+  ],
+  "setup": {
+    "syncEnvironment": true
+  },
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 200,
+    "month": 1,
+    "startyear": 190,
+    "turnterm": 10,
+    "turntime": "0200-01-01 00:00:00",
+    "show_img_level": 3,
+    "fiction": [0]
+  },
+  "observe": {
+    "generalIds": [],
+    "cityIds": [33],
+    "nationIds": [1]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+  "action": "RegNPC",
+  "args": [
+    0,
+    "등록장수",
+    null,
+    0,
+    33,
+    60,
+    50,
+    40,
+    7,
+    186,
+    240,
+    null,
+    "인덕",
+    "등록 대사"
+  ],
+  "setup": {
+    "syncEnvironment": true
+  },
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 200,
+    "month": 1,
+    "startyear": 190,
+    "turnterm": 10,
+    "turntime": "0200-01-01 00:00:00",
+    "show_img_level": 3,
+    "fiction": [0]
+  },
+  "observe": {
+    "generalIds": [],
+    "cityIds": [33],
+    "nationIds": [1]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+{
+    "action": "UnblockScoutAction",
+    "args": [false],
+    "setup": {
+        "resetNations": true,
+        "deleteOtherNations": true,
+        "keepNationIds": [1, 2],
+        "nation": [
+            { "id": 1, "values": { "name": "위", "level": 2, "scout": 1 } },
+            { "id": 2, "values": { "name": "촉", "level": 2, "scout": 1 } }
+        ],
+        "gameEnvironment": {
+            "block_change_scout": true
+        }
+    },
+    "environment": {
+        "year": 200,
+        "month": 1,
+        "startyear": 190
+    },
+    "observe": {
+        "nationIds": [1, 2]
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+{
+  "action": "UpdateCitySupply",
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 193,
+    "month": 1,
+    "startyear": 190
+  },
+  "setup": {
+    "nation": [
+      {
+        "id": 99,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "보급검증국",
+          "color": "#777777",
+          "capital": 1,
+          "level": 1,
+          "type": "che_중립"
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 98,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "불일치수도국",
+          "color": "#888888",
+          "capital": 2,
+          "level": 1,
+          "type": "che_중립"
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "city": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 99,
+          "supply": 0,
+          "front": 2,
+          "pop": 1001,
+          "agri": 501,
+          "comm": 499,
+          "secu": 99,
+          "trust": 50,
+          "def": 101,
+          "wall": 50,
+          "officer_set": 7,
+          "term": 2,
+          "conflict": {"98": 3}
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 9,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 99,
+          "supply": 0,
+          "front": 2,
+          "pop": 1001,
+          "agri": 501,
+          "comm": 499,
+          "secu": 99,
+          "trust": 50,
+          "def": 101,
+          "wall": 50,
+          "officer_set": 7,
+          "term": 2,
+          "conflict": {"98": 3}
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 99,
+          "supply": 1,
+          "front": 2,
+          "pop": 1001,
+          "agri": 501,
+          "comm": 499,
+          "secu": 99,
+          "trust": 33,
+          "def": 101,
+          "wall": 50,
+          "officer_set": 7,
+          "term": 2,
+          "conflict": {"98": 3}
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 3,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 0,
+          "supply": 0,
+          "front": 0,
+          "trust": 50
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "general": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 99,
+          "city": 2,
+          "officer_level": 4,
+          "officer_city": 2,
+          "crew": 101,
+          "train": 51,
+          "atmos": 99
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 99,
+          "city": 1,
+          "officer_level": 4,
+          "officer_city": 2,
+          "crew": 101,
+          "train": 51,
+          "atmos": 99
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 3,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 98,
+          "city": 2,
+          "officer_level": 3,
+          "officer_city": 1,
+          "crew": 101,
+          "train": 51,
+          "atmos": 99
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "observe": {
+    "generalIds": [1, 2, 3],
+    "cityIds": [1, 2, 3, 9],
+    "nationIds": [98, 99]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+{
+  "action": "UpdateNationLevel",
+  "environment": {
+    "year": 193,
+    "month": 2,
+    "startyear": 190,
+    "killturn": 1000,
+    "turnterm": 10
+  },
+  "setup": {
+    "resetCities": true,
+    "resetGenerals": true,
+    "resetUniqueOccupancy": true,
+    "syncEnvironment": true,
+    "clearNationTurnIds": [1],
+    "clearInheritanceOwnerIds": [990061],
+    "nation": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "작위검증국",
+          "color": "#777777",
+          "capital": 1,
+          "gold": 10000,
+          "rice": 20000,
+          "level": 0,
+          "type": "che_중립",
+          "aux": {}
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "city": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 1,
+          "level": 4
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 1,
+          "level": 4
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "general": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "values": {
+          "name": "조조",
+          "nation": 1,
+          "city": 1,
+          "officer_level": 12,
+          "owner": 990061,
+          "npc": 0,
+          "killturn": 1000,
+          "belong": 10,
+          "horse": "None",
+          "weapon": "None",
+          "book": "None",
+          "item": "None",
+          "aux": {}
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "values": {
+          "nation": 0,
+          "city": 2,
+          "officer_level": 1,
+          "npc": 0,
+          "killturn": 0
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "observe": {
+    "generalIds": [1],
+    "cityIds": [1, 2],
+    "nationIds": [1],
+    "ownerIds": [990061]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace sammo;
+
+if (PHP_SAPI !== 'cli') {
+    http_response_code(404);
+    exit;
+}
+
+chdir(dirname(__DIR__));
+require_once 'lib.php';
+require_once 'func.php';
+
+$input = stream_get_contents(STDIN);
+$keys = Json::decode($input);
+if (!is_array($keys)) {
+    fwrite(STDERR, "Expected a JSON array of item keys.\n");
+    exit(2);
+}
+
+$result = [];
+foreach ($keys as $key) {
+    if (!is_string($key)) {
+        continue;
+    }
+    $item = buildItemClass($key);
+    $result[$key] = [
+        'rawName' => $item->getRawName(),
+        'name' => $item->getName(),
+        'info' => $item->getInfo(),
+        'cost' => $item->getCost(),
+        'buyable' => $item->isBuyable(),
+        'consumable' => $item->isConsumable(),
+        'reqSecu' => $item->getReqSecu(),
+    ];
+}
+
+echo Json::encode($result);
@@ -0,0 +1,1579 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace sammo;
+
+if (PHP_SAPI !== 'cli' || getenv('TURN_DIFFERENTIAL_ENABLED') !== '1') {
+    http_response_code(404);
+    exit;
+}
+
+chdir(dirname(__DIR__));
+$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ??= '127.0.0.1';
+error_reporting(E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED);
+require_once 'lib.php';
+require_once 'func.php';
+require_once __DIR__ . '/turn_state_snapshot.php';
+
+/** @param array<string, mixed> $values */
+function comparisonMonthlyPatch(string $table, int $id, array $values): void
+{
+    $definitions = [
+        'city' => [
+            'idColumn' => 'city',
+            'allowed' => [
+                'name', 'level', 'nation', 'supply', 'front', 'pop', 'pop_max',
+                'agri', 'agri_max', 'comm', 'comm_max', 'secu', 'secu_max',
+                'trust', 'trade', 'def', 'def_max', 'wall', 'wall_max',
+                'officer_set', 'state', 'region', 'term', 'conflict', 'dead',
+            ],
+        ],
+        'nation' => [
+            'idColumn' => 'nation',
+            'allowed' => [
+                'name', 'color', 'capital', 'gennum', 'gold', 'rice', 'tech',
+                'power', 'level', 'type', 'bill', 'rate_tmp', 'scout', 'chief_set', 'aux',
+                'rate', 'strategic_cmd_limit', 'surlimit', 'spy',
+            ],
+        ],
+        'general' => [
+            'idColumn' => 'no',
+            'allowed' => [
+                'name', 'nation', 'city', 'officer_level', 'officer_city',
+                'crew', 'train', 'atmos', 'owner', 'npc', 'killturn', 'belong',
+                'gold', 'rice', 'horse', 'weapon', 'book', 'item', 'aux',
+                'leadership', 'strength', 'intel', 'experience', 'dedication',
+                'injury',
+                'dex1', 'dex2', 'dex3', 'dex4', 'dex5', 'personal', 'special',
+                'specage', 'special2', 'specage2', 'betray', 'age',
+                'bornyear', 'deadyear', 'turntime', 'makelimit',
+            ],
+        ],
+    ];
+    $definition = $definitions[$table] ?? null;
+    if ($definition === null) {
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException("unsupported setup table: {$table}");
+    }
+    $patch = [];
+    foreach ($values as $key => $value) {
+        if (!is_string($key) || !in_array($key, $definition['allowed'], true)) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException("unsupported {$table} setup field");
+        }
+        if (in_array($key, ['conflict', 'aux'], true) && is_array($value)) {
+            $value = json_encode($value, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR | JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
+        }
+        $patch[$key] = $value;
+    }
+    if ($table === 'nation') {
+        $patch += [
+            'nation' => $id,
+            'name' => "fixture-nation-{$id}",
+            'color' => '#777777',
+            'capital' => 0,
+            'gold' => 0,
+            'rice' => 0,
+            'level' => 1,
+            'type' => 'che_중립',
+            'aux' => '{}',
+        ];
+        DB::db()->insertUpdate('nation', $patch, $patch);
+    } elseif ($patch !== []) {
+        DB::db()->update($table, $patch, "`{$definition['idColumn']}` = %i", $id);
+    }
+}
+
+/** @param array<string, mixed> $observe */
+function comparisonMonthlyDetails(array $observe, int $worldHistoryAfterId): array
+{
+    $db = DB::db();
+    $generals = array_map(
+        static fn(array $row): array => comparisonPickRow(
+            $row,
+            [
+                'id' => 'no',
+                'nationId' => 'nation',
+                'cityId' => 'city',
+                'officerLevel' => 'officer_level',
+                'officerCityId' => 'officer_city',
+                'crew' => 'crew',
+                'train' => 'train',
+                'atmos' => 'atmos',
+                'gold' => 'gold',
+                'rice' => 'rice',
+                'injury' => 'injury',
+                'leadership' => 'leadership',
+                'strength' => 'strength',
+                'intelligence' => 'intel',
+                'age' => 'age',
+                'specialDomestic' => 'special',
+                'specAge' => 'specage',
+                'specialWar' => 'special2',
+                'specAge2' => 'specage2',
+                'betray' => 'betray',
+                'makeLimit' => 'makelimit',
+                'horse' => 'horse',
+                'weapon' => 'weapon',
+                'book' => 'book',
+                'item' => 'item',
+                'dex1' => 'dex1',
+                'dex2' => 'dex2',
+                'dex3' => 'dex3',
+                'dex4' => 'dex4',
+                'dex5' => 'dex5',
+                'aux' => 'aux',
+            ],
+            ['aux'],
+        ),
+        comparisonRowsById('general', 'no', comparisonIntegerList($observe['generalIds'] ?? [], 'generalIds')),
+    );
+    $cities = array_map(
+        static fn(array $row): array => comparisonPickRow(
+            $row,
+            [
+                'id' => 'city',
+                'nationId' => 'nation',
+                'state' => 'state',
+                'supplyState' => 'supply',
+                'frontState' => 'front',
+                'officerSet' => 'officer_set',
+                'term' => 'term',
+                'dead' => 'dead',
+                'population' => 'pop',
+                'populationMax' => 'pop_max',
+                'agriculture' => 'agri',
+                'agricultureMax' => 'agri_max',
+                'commerce' => 'comm',
+                'commerceMax' => 'comm_max',
+                'security' => 'secu',
+                'securityMax' => 'secu_max',
+                'trust' => 'trust',
+                'trade' => 'trade',
+                'defence' => 'def',
+                'defenceMax' => 'def_max',
+                'wall' => 'wall',
+                'wallMax' => 'wall_max',
+                'conflict' => 'conflict',
+            ],
+            ['conflict'],
+        ),
+        comparisonRowsById('city', 'city', comparisonIntegerList($observe['cityIds'] ?? [], 'cityIds')),
+    );
+    $nations = array_map(
+        static fn(array $row): array => comparisonPickRow(
+            $row,
+            [
+                'id' => 'nation',
+                'gold' => 'gold',
+                'rice' => 'rice',
+                'rate' => 'rate_tmp',
+                'baseRate' => 'rate',
+                'power' => 'power',
+                'generalCount' => 'gennum',
+                'tech' => 'tech',
+                'typeCode' => 'type',
+                'scout' => 'scout',
+                'strategicCommandLimit' => 'strategic_cmd_limit',
+                'surrenderLimit' => 'surlimit',
+                'spy' => 'spy',
+                'chiefSet' => 'chief_set',
+            ],
+            ['spy'],
+        ),
+        comparisonRowsById('nation', 'nation', comparisonIntegerList($observe['nationIds'] ?? [], 'nationIds')),
+    );
+    $worldHistory = array_map(
+        static fn(array $row): array => comparisonPickRow(
+            $row,
+            [
+                'id' => 'id',
+                'nationId' => 'nation_id',
+                'year' => 'year',
+                'month' => 'month',
+                'text' => 'text',
+            ],
+        ),
+        $db->query(
+            'SELECT id, nation_id, year, month, text FROM world_history WHERE id > %i ORDER BY id',
+            $worldHistoryAfterId,
+        ),
+    );
+    $inheritanceKeys = $observe['inheritanceKeys'] ?? ['unifier'];
+    if (!is_array($inheritanceKeys) || array_filter($inheritanceKeys, static fn($key): bool => !is_string($key))) {
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException('inheritanceKeys must be an array of strings');
+    }
+    $inheritancePoints = [];
+    foreach (comparisonIntegerList($observe['ownerIds'] ?? [], 'ownerIds') as $ownerId) {
+        $entry = ['ownerId' => $ownerId];
+        foreach ($inheritanceKeys as $key) {
+            $value = $db->queryFirstField(
+                'SELECT value FROM storage WHERE namespace = %s AND `key` = %s',
+                "inheritance_{$ownerId}",
+                $key,
+            );
+            $entry[$key] = $value === null ? 0 : (comparisonJsonValue($value)[0] ?? 0);
+        }
+        $inheritancePoints[] = $entry;
+    }
+    $rankGeneralIds = comparisonIntegerList($observe['rankGeneralIds'] ?? [], 'rankGeneralIds');
+    $rankTypes = $observe['rankTypes'] ?? [];
+    if (!is_array($rankTypes) || array_filter($rankTypes, static fn($type): bool => !is_string($type))) {
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException('rankTypes must be an array of strings');
+    }
+    $rankData = (!$rankGeneralIds || !$rankTypes)
+        ? []
+        : iterator_to_array($db->query(
+            'SELECT general_id AS generalId, nation_id AS nationId, `type`, `value` FROM rank_data WHERE general_id IN %li AND `type` IN %ls ORDER BY general_id, `type`',
+            $rankGeneralIds,
+            $rankTypes,
+        ));
+    $generalAccessLogs = [];
+    $accessGeneralIds = comparisonIntegerList($observe['accessGeneralIds'] ?? [], 'accessGeneralIds');
+    if ($accessGeneralIds) {
+        $generalAccessLogs = iterator_to_array($db->query(
+            'SELECT general_id AS generalId, refresh_score_total AS refreshScoreTotal FROM general_access_log WHERE general_id IN %li ORDER BY general_id',
+            $accessGeneralIds,
+        ));
+    }
+    $nationEnvironment = [];
+    $nationEnvironmentKeys = $observe['nationEnvironmentKeys'] ?? [];
+    if (
+        !is_array($nationEnvironmentKeys)
+        || array_filter($nationEnvironmentKeys, static fn($key): bool => !is_string($key))
+    ) {
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException('nationEnvironmentKeys must be an array of strings');
+    }
+    foreach (comparisonIntegerList($observe['nationIds'] ?? [], 'nationIds') as $nationId) {
+        $entry = ['nationId' => $nationId];
+        $storage = KVStorage::getStorage($db, $nationId, 'nation_env');
+        foreach ($nationEnvironmentKeys as $key) {
+            $entry[$key] = $storage->getValue($key);
+        }
+        $nationEnvironment[] = $entry;
+    }
+    return [
+        'generals' => $generals,
+        'cities' => $cities,
+        'nations' => $nations,
+        'worldHistory' => $worldHistory,
+        'inheritancePoints' => $inheritancePoints,
+        'rankData' => $rankData,
+        'generalAccessLogs' => $generalAccessLogs,
+        'nationEnvironment' => $nationEnvironment,
+    ];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Exercise the dynamically-created invader events against one evolving database.
+ *
+ * @param array<string, mixed> $request
+ * @param array<string, mixed> $environment
+ * @return array<string, mixed>
+ */
+function comparisonInvaderLifecycleTrace(
+    array $request,
+    array $environment,
+    int $generalIdBeforeAction,
+    int $nationIdBeforeAction,
+    int $eventIdBeforeAction,
+    int $worldHistoryIdBeforeAction,
+): array {
+    $db = DB::db();
+    $args = $request['args'] ?? [];
+    if (!is_array($args) || count($args) > 4) {
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException('InvaderLifecycle args must have at most four entries');
+    }
+    $year = $environment['year'];
+    $month = $environment['month'];
+    $startYear = $environment['startyear'];
+    $raiseEnvironment = [
+        'year' => $year,
+        'month' => $month,
+        'startyear' => $startYear,
+        'turnterm' => $environment['turnterm'],
+        'turntime' => $environment['turntime'],
+        'show_img_level' => $environment['show_img_level'] ?? 3,
+        'stored_icons' => $environment['stored_icons'] ?? [],
+        'icon_path' => $environment['icon_path'] ?? '.',
+        'fiction' => $environment['fiction'] ?? [0],
+    ];
+
+    (new \sammo\Event\Action\RaiseInvader(...$args))->run($raiseEnvironment);
+
+    $invaderNationIds = array_map(
+        'intval',
+        $db->queryFirstColumn('SELECT nation FROM nation WHERE nation > %i ORDER BY nation', $nationIdBeforeAction),
+    );
+    $existingNationId = (int)$db->queryFirstField(
+        'SELECT nation FROM nation WHERE nation <= %i ORDER BY nation LIMIT 1',
+        $nationIdBeforeAction,
+    );
+    $rulerIds = array_map(
+        'intval',
+        $db->queryFirstColumn(
+            'SELECT no FROM general WHERE nation IN %li AND officer_level = 12 ORDER BY nation',
+            $invaderNationIds,
+        ),
+    );
+    if ($invaderNationIds === [] || $existingNationId <= 0 || count($rulerIds) !== count($invaderNationIds)) {
+        throw new \RuntimeException('InvaderLifecycle failed to create the expected entities');
+    }
+
+    $autoDeleteEvents = [];
+    $endingEventId = 0;
+    foreach ($db->query('SELECT id, action FROM event WHERE id > %i ORDER BY id', $eventIdBeforeAction) as $row) {
+        $action = comparisonJsonValue($row['action']);
+        $actionName = $action[0][0] ?? null;
+        if ($actionName === 'AutoDeleteInvader') {
+            $autoDeleteEvents[] = [
+                'eventId' => (int)$row['id'],
+                'nationId' => (int)($action[0][1] ?? 0),
+            ];
+        } elseif ($actionName === 'InvaderEnding') {
+            $endingEventId = (int)$row['id'];
+        }
+    }
+    if (count($autoDeleteEvents) !== count($invaderNationIds) || $endingEventId <= 0) {
+        throw new \RuntimeException('InvaderLifecycle failed to create follow-up events');
+    }
+
+    $diplomacyRows = iterator_to_array($db->query(
+        'SELECT me, you, state, term FROM diplomacy WHERE (me IN %li AND you = %i) OR (me = %i AND you IN %li) ORDER BY me, you',
+        $invaderNationIds,
+        $existingNationId,
+        $existingNationId,
+        $invaderNationIds,
+    ));
+    $diplomacyStates = array_values(array_unique(array_map(
+        static fn(array $row): string => "{$row['state']}:{$row['term']}",
+        $diplomacyRows,
+    )));
+    sort($diplomacyStates);
+    $generalCounts = array_map(
+        static fn(int $nationId): int => (int)DB::db()->queryFirstField(
+            'SELECT count(*) FROM general WHERE nation = %i',
+            $nationId,
+        ),
+        $invaderNationIds,
+    );
+    $diplomacyCounts = array_map(
+        static fn(int $nationId): int => (int)DB::db()->queryFirstField(
+            'SELECT count(*) FROM diplomacy WHERE (me = %i AND you = %i) OR (me = %i AND you = %i)',
+            $nationId,
+            $existingNationId,
+            $existingNationId,
+            $nationId,
+        ),
+        $invaderNationIds,
+    );
+    $gameStorage = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
+    $afterRaise = [
+        'createdNationCount' => count($invaderNationIds),
+        'createdGeneralCount' => (int)$db->queryFirstField(
+            'SELECT count(*) FROM general WHERE no > %i',
+            $generalIdBeforeAction,
+        ),
+        'followUpEventCount' => (int)$db->queryFirstField(
+            'SELECT count(*) FROM event WHERE id > %i',
+            $eventIdBeforeAction,
+        ),
+        'generalCountsPerNation' => array_values(array_unique($generalCounts)),
+        'diplomacyCountsPerNation' => array_values(array_unique($diplomacyCounts)),
+        'diplomacyStates' => $diplomacyStates,
+        'isunited' => (int)$gameStorage->isunited,
+        'blockChangeScout' => (bool)$gameStorage->block_change_scout,
+    ];
+
+    $warResults = [];
+    foreach ($autoDeleteEvents as $autoDeleteEvent) {
+        $warResult = (new \sammo\Event\Action\AutoDeleteInvader($autoDeleteEvent['nationId']))->run([
+            'year' => $year,
+            'month' => $month + 1,
+            'startyear' => $startYear,
+            'currentEventID' => $autoDeleteEvent['eventId'],
+        ]);
+        $warResults[] = $warResult[1] ?? null;
+    }
+    $atWar = [
+        'results' => array_values(array_unique($warResults)),
+        'autoDeleteEventCount' => (int)$db->queryFirstField(
+            'SELECT count(*) FROM event WHERE id IN %li',
+            array_column($autoDeleteEvents, 'eventId'),
+        ),
+    ];
+
+    $db->update(
+        'diplomacy',
+        ['state' => 2, 'term' => 0],
+        'me IN %li OR you IN %li',
+        $invaderNationIds,
+        $invaderNationIds,
+    );
+    $peaceResults = [];
+    foreach ($autoDeleteEvents as $autoDeleteEvent) {
+        $peaceResult = (new \sammo\Event\Action\AutoDeleteInvader($autoDeleteEvent['nationId']))->run([
+            'year' => $year,
+            'month' => $month + 2,
+            'startyear' => $startYear,
+            'currentEventID' => $autoDeleteEvent['eventId'],
+        ]);
+        $peaceResults[] = $peaceResult[1] ?? null;
+    }
+    $atPeace = [
+        'results' => array_values(array_unique($peaceResults)),
+        'autoDeleteEventCount' => (int)$db->queryFirstField(
+            'SELECT count(*) FROM event WHERE id IN %li',
+            array_column($autoDeleteEvents, 'eventId'),
+        ),
+        'rulerWanderTurnCount' => (int)$db->queryFirstField(
+            'SELECT count(*) FROM general_turn WHERE general_id IN %li AND action = %s',
+            $rulerIds,
+            'che_방랑',
+        ),
+        'endingEventPresent' => (bool)$db->queryFirstField(
+            'SELECT count(*) FROM event WHERE id = %i',
+            $endingEventId,
+        ),
+    ];
+
+    $invaderGeneralIds = array_map('intval', $db->queryFirstColumn(
+        'SELECT no FROM general WHERE nation IN %li',
+        $invaderNationIds,
+    ));
+    if ($invaderGeneralIds !== []) {
+        $db->delete('general_turn', 'general_id IN %li', $invaderGeneralIds);
+        $db->delete('rank_data', 'general_id IN %li', $invaderGeneralIds);
+        $db->delete('troop', 'nation IN %li', $invaderNationIds);
+        $db->delete('general', 'no IN %li', $invaderGeneralIds);
+    }
+    $db->delete('nation_turn', 'nation_id IN %li', $invaderNationIds);
+    $db->delete('diplomacy', 'me IN %li OR you IN %li', $invaderNationIds, $invaderNationIds);
+    $db->delete('nation', 'nation IN %li', $invaderNationIds);
+    $db->update('city', ['nation' => $existingNationId], true);
+
+    $endingResult = (new \sammo\Event\Action\InvaderEnding())->run([
+        'year' => $year,
+        'month' => $month + 3,
+        'startyear' => $startYear,
+        'currentEventID' => $endingEventId,
+    ]);
+    $gameStorage->resetCache();
+    $afterUserWin = [
+        'result' => $endingResult[1] ?? null,
+        'endingEventPresent' => (bool)$db->queryFirstField(
+            'SELECT count(*) FROM event WHERE id = %i',
+            $endingEventId,
+        ),
+        'isunited' => (int)$gameStorage->isunited,
+        'refreshLimit' => (int)$gameStorage->refreshLimit,
+        'logs' => array_values($db->queryFirstColumn(
+            'SELECT text FROM world_history WHERE id > %i AND nation_id = 0 AND year = %i AND month = %i ORDER BY id',
+            $worldHistoryIdBeforeAction,
+            $year,
+            $month + 3,
+        )),
+    ];
+
+    return [
+        'schemaVersion' => 1,
+        'engine' => 'ref',
+        'action' => 'InvaderLifecycle',
+        'phases' => [
+            'afterRaise' => $afterRaise,
+            'atWar' => $atWar,
+            'atPeace' => $atPeace,
+            'afterUserWin' => $afterUserWin,
+        ],
+    ];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Exercise NPC nation creation and the same-month troop leader follow-up.
+ *
+ * @param array<string, mixed> $environment
+ * @return array<string, mixed>
+ */
+function comparisonNpcNationLifecycleTrace(
+    array $environment,
+    int $generalIdBeforeAction,
+    int $nationIdBeforeAction,
+    int $worldHistoryIdBeforeAction,
+): array {
+    $db = DB::db();
+    $actionEnvironment = [
+        'year' => $environment['year'],
+        'month' => $environment['month'],
+        'startyear' => $environment['startyear'],
+        'turnterm' => $environment['turnterm'],
+        'turntime' => $environment['turntime'],
+        'show_img_level' => $environment['show_img_level'] ?? 3,
+        'stored_icons' => $environment['stored_icons'] ?? [],
+        'icon_path' => $environment['icon_path'] ?? '.',
+        'fiction' => $environment['fiction'] ?? [0],
+    ];
+    $gameStorage = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
+    $leaderCounterBefore = (int)($gameStorage->lastNPCTroopLeaderID ?? 0);
+
+    (new \sammo\Event\Action\RaiseNPCNation())->run($actionEnvironment);
+    $createdNationIds = array_map(
+        'intval',
+        $db->queryFirstColumn('SELECT nation FROM nation WHERE nation > %i ORDER BY nation', $nationIdBeforeAction),
+    );
+    if ($createdNationIds === []) {
+        throw new \RuntimeException('NpcNationLifecycle failed to create a nation');
+    }
+    $createdNationGeneralCounts = array_map(
+        static fn(int $nationId): int => (int)DB::db()->queryFirstField(
+            'SELECT count(*) FROM general WHERE nation = %i',
+            $nationId,
+        ),
+        $createdNationIds,
+    );
+    $afterRaise = [
+        'createdNationCount' => count($createdNationIds),
+        'createdGeneralCount' => (int)$db->queryFirstField(
+            'SELECT count(*) FROM general WHERE no > %i',
+            $generalIdBeforeAction,
+        ),
+        'generalCountsPerCreatedNation' => array_values(array_unique($createdNationGeneralCounts)),
+        'historyLogs' => array_values($db->queryFirstColumn(
+            'SELECT text FROM world_history WHERE id > %i AND nation_id = 0 ORDER BY id',
+            $worldHistoryIdBeforeAction,
+        )),
+    ];
+
+    (new \sammo\Event\Action\ProvideNPCTroopLeader())->run($actionEnvironment);
+    $leaderIds = array_map(
+        'intval',
+        $db->queryFirstColumn('SELECT no FROM general WHERE no > %i AND npc = 5 ORDER BY no', $generalIdBeforeAction),
+    );
+    if ($leaderIds === []) {
+        throw new \RuntimeException('NpcNationLifecycle failed to create troop leaders');
+    }
+    $leaderNationCounts = array_map(
+        static fn(int $nationId): int => (int)DB::db()->queryFirstField(
+            'SELECT count(*) FROM general WHERE nation = %i AND npc = 5',
+            $nationId,
+        ),
+        array_map(
+            'intval',
+            $db->queryFirstColumn('SELECT nation FROM nation WHERE level > 0 ORDER BY nation'),
+        ),
+    );
+    $gatherTurnCounts = array_map(
+        static fn(int $generalId): int => (int)DB::db()->queryFirstField(
+            'SELECT count(*) FROM general_turn WHERE general_id = %i AND action = %s',
+            $generalId,
+            'che_집합',
+        ),
+        $leaderIds,
+    );
+    $gameStorage->resetCache();
+    $afterProvide = [
+        'createdLeaderCount' => count($leaderIds),
+        'leaderCountsPerActiveNation' => array_values(array_unique($leaderNationCounts)),
+        'troopCount' => (int)$db->queryFirstField(
+            'SELECT count(*) FROM troop WHERE troop_leader IN %li',
+            $leaderIds,
+        ),
+        'gatherTurnCounts' => array_values(array_unique($gatherTurnCounts)),
+        'leaderCounterDelta' => (int)$gameStorage->lastNPCTroopLeaderID - $leaderCounterBefore,
+    ];
+
+    return [
+        'schemaVersion' => 1,
+        'engine' => 'ref',
+        'action' => 'NpcNationLifecycle',
+        'phases' => [
+            'afterRaise' => $afterRaise,
+            'afterProvide' => $afterProvide,
+        ],
+    ];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Exercise nation betting from monthly open through real user bets and settlement.
+ *
+ * @param array<string, mixed> $request
+ * @param array<string, mixed> $environment
+ * @return array<string, mixed>
+ */
+function comparisonNationBettingLifecycleTrace(
+    array $request,
+    array $environment,
+    int $eventIdBeforeAction,
+    int $worldHistoryIdBeforeAction,
+): array {
+    $db = DB::db();
+    $args = $request['args'] ?? [];
+    if (!is_array($args) || count($args) > 2) {
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException('NationBettingLifecycle args must have at most two entries');
+    }
+    $bettorGeneralIds = comparisonIntegerList(
+        $request['bettorGeneralIds'] ?? [],
+        'bettorGeneralIds',
+    );
+    $bettorOwnerIds = comparisonIntegerList(
+        $request['bettorOwnerIds'] ?? [],
+        'bettorOwnerIds',
+    );
+    if (count($bettorGeneralIds) !== 2 || count($bettorOwnerIds) !== 2) {
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException(
+            'NationBettingLifecycle requires exactly two bettorGeneralIds and bettorOwnerIds',
+        );
+    }
+
+    $year = $environment['year'];
+    $month = $environment['month'];
+    $startYear = $environment['startyear'];
+    (new \sammo\Event\Action\OpenNationBetting(...$args))->run([
+        'year' => $year,
+        'month' => $month,
+        'startyear' => $startYear,
+    ]);
+
+    $gameStorage = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
+    $gameStorage->resetCache();
+    $bettingId = (int)$gameStorage->last_betting_id;
+    $betting = new Betting($bettingId);
+    $bettingInfo = $betting->getInfo();
+    $candidateNationIds = array_map(
+        static fn(\sammo\DTO\SelectItem $candidate): int => (int)($candidate->aux['nation'] ?? 0),
+        $bettingInfo->candidates,
+    );
+    if (count($candidateNationIds) !== 2) {
+        throw new \RuntimeException('NationBettingLifecycle requires exactly two candidates');
+    }
+
+    $finishEventCount = (int)$db->queryFirstField(
+        'SELECT count(*) FROM event WHERE id > %i AND action LIKE %s',
+        $eventIdBeforeAction,
+        "%FinishNationBetting%{$bettingId}%",
+    );
+    $afterOpen = [
+        'bettingId' => $bettingId,
+        'candidateNationIds' => $candidateNationIds,
+        'systemBonus' => (int)($db->queryFirstField(
+            'SELECT amount FROM ng_betting WHERE betting_id = %i AND general_id = 0',
+            $bettingId,
+        ) ?? 0),
+        'finishEventCount' => $finishEventCount,
+        'historyLogs' => array_values($db->queryFirstColumn(
+            'SELECT text FROM world_history WHERE id > %i AND nation_id = 0 ORDER BY id',
+            $worldHistoryIdBeforeAction,
+        )),
+    ];
+
+    $betting->bet($bettorGeneralIds[0], $bettorOwnerIds[0], [1], 100);
+    $betting->bet($bettorGeneralIds[1], $bettorOwnerIds[1], [0], 100);
+    $afterBets = [
+        'bets' => array_map(
+            static fn(array $row): array => [
+                'generalId' => (int)$row['general_id'],
+                'ownerId' => $row['user_id'] === null ? null : (int)$row['user_id'],
+                'selectionKey' => $row['betting_type'],
+                'amount' => (int)$row['amount'],
+            ],
+            iterator_to_array($db->query(
+                'SELECT general_id, user_id, betting_type, amount FROM ng_betting WHERE betting_id = %i ORDER BY general_id',
+                $bettingId,
+            )),
+        ),
+        'inheritancePrevious' => array_map(
+            static function (int $ownerId): int {
+                $value = KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), "inheritance_{$ownerId}")->getValue('previous');
+                return is_array($value) ? (int)($value[0] ?? 0) : 0;
+            },
+            $bettorOwnerIds,
+        ),
+        'spentRank' => array_map(
+            static fn(int $generalId): int => (int)(DB::db()->queryFirstField(
+                'SELECT value FROM rank_data WHERE general_id = %i AND type = %s',
+                $generalId,
+                \sammo\Enums\RankColumn::inherit_point_spent_dynamic->value,
+            ) ?? 0),
+            $bettorGeneralIds,
+        ),
+    ];
+
+    $db->update('nation', ['level' => 0], 'nation = %i', $candidateNationIds[1]);
+    $finishResult = (new \sammo\Event\Action\FinishNationBetting($bettingId))->run([
+        'year' => $year,
+        'month' => $month + 1,
+        'startyear' => $startYear,
+    ]);
+    $settledInfo = (new Betting($bettingId))->getInfo();
+    $afterFinish = [
+        'result' => $finishResult[1] ?? null,
+        'finished' => $settledInfo->finished,
+        'winner' => $settledInfo->winner,
+        'inheritancePrevious' => array_map(
+            static function (int $ownerId): int {
+                $value = KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), "inheritance_{$ownerId}")->getValue('previous');
+                return is_array($value) ? (int)($value[0] ?? 0) : 0;
+            },
+            $bettorOwnerIds,
+        ),
+        'earnedRank' => array_map(
+            static fn(int $generalId): int => (int)(DB::db()->queryFirstField(
+                'SELECT value FROM rank_data WHERE general_id = %i AND type = %s',
+                $generalId,
+                \sammo\Enums\RankColumn::inherit_point_earned_by_action->value,
+            ) ?? 0),
+            $bettorGeneralIds,
+        ),
+        'historyLogs' => array_values($db->queryFirstColumn(
+            'SELECT text FROM world_history WHERE id > %i AND nation_id = 0 ORDER BY id',
+            $worldHistoryIdBeforeAction,
+        )),
+    ];
+
+    return [
+        'schemaVersion' => 1,
+        'engine' => 'ref',
+        'action' => 'NationBettingLifecycle',
+        'phases' => [
+            'afterOpen' => $afterOpen,
+            'afterBets' => $afterBets,
+            'afterFinish' => $afterFinish,
+        ],
+    ];
+}
+
+function comparisonMonthlyEventTraceMain(): void
+{
+    try {
+        $input = stream_get_contents(STDIN);
+        $request = json_decode($input === '' ? '{}' : $input, true, flags: JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
+        if (!is_array($request)) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('request must be an object');
+        }
+        $actionName = $request['action'] ?? null;
+        $supportedActions = [
+            'UpdateCitySupply',
+            'UpdateNationLevel',
+            'RaiseDisaster',
+            'ProcessSemiAnnual',
+            'ProcessWarIncome',
+            'CreateAdminNPC',
+            'CreateManyNPC',
+            'RegNPC',
+            'RegNeutralNPC',
+            'RaiseNPCNation',
+            'NpcNationLifecycle',
+            'RaiseInvader',
+            'InvaderLifecycle',
+            'AutoDeleteInvader',
+            'InvaderEnding',
+            'ChangeCity',
+            'ProvideNPCTroopLeader',
+            'NationBettingLifecycle',
+            'OpenNationBetting',
+            'FinishNationBetting',
+            'BlockScoutAction',
+            'UnblockScoutAction',
+            'AssignGeneralSpeciality',
+            'AddGlobalBetray',
+            'LostUniqueItem',
+            'MergeInheritPointRank',
+            'ProcessIncome',
+            'NoticeToHistoryLog',
+            'NewYear',
+            'ResetOfficerLock',
+            'PreUpdateMonthly',
+            'PostUpdateMonthly',
+            'MonthlyBoundary',
+        ];
+        if (!in_array($actionName, $supportedActions, true)) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('unsupported monthly action');
+        }
+        $setup = $request['setup'] ?? [];
+        if (!is_array($setup)) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('setup must be an object');
+        }
+        foreach (['city', 'nation', 'general'] as $table) {
+            $rows = $setup[$table] ?? [];
+            if (!is_array($rows)) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException("setup.{$table} must be an array");
+            }
+            foreach ($rows as $row) {
+                if (!is_array($row) || !is_int($row['id'] ?? null) || !is_array($row['values'] ?? null)) {
+                    throw new \InvalidArgumentException("invalid setup.{$table} row");
+                }
+                comparisonMonthlyPatch($table, $row['id'], $row['values']);
+            }
+        }
+        if (($setup['resetCities'] ?? false) === true) {
+            DB::db()->query('UPDATE city SET nation = 0, level = 1');
+            foreach ($setup['city'] ?? [] as $row) {
+                comparisonMonthlyPatch('city', $row['id'], $row['values']);
+            }
+        }
+        if (($setup['deleteOtherCities'] ?? false) === true) {
+            $keepCityIds = comparisonIntegerList($setup['keepCityIds'] ?? [], 'keepCityIds');
+            if ($keepCityIds === []) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('deleteOtherCities requires keepCityIds');
+            }
+            DB::db()->query('DELETE FROM city WHERE city NOT IN %li', $keepCityIds);
+        }
+        if (($setup['resetGenerals'] ?? false) === true) {
+            DB::db()->query(
+                'UPDATE general SET nation = 0, officer_level = 1, npc = 2, killturn = 0, horse = %s, weapon = %s, book = %s, item = %s',
+                'None',
+                'None',
+                'None',
+                'None',
+            );
+            foreach ($setup['general'] ?? [] as $row) {
+                comparisonMonthlyPatch('general', $row['id'], $row['values']);
+            }
+        }
+        if (($setup['deleteOtherGenerals'] ?? false) === true) {
+            $keepGeneralIds = comparisonIntegerList($setup['keepGeneralIds'] ?? [], 'keepGeneralIds');
+            if (!$keepGeneralIds) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('deleteOtherGenerals requires keepGeneralIds');
+            }
+            DB::db()->query('DELETE FROM general_turn WHERE general_id NOT IN %li', $keepGeneralIds);
+            DB::db()->query('DELETE FROM rank_data WHERE general_id NOT IN %li', $keepGeneralIds);
+            DB::db()->query('DELETE FROM general WHERE no NOT IN %li', $keepGeneralIds);
+        }
+        if (($setup['resetNations'] ?? false) === true) {
+            DB::db()->query('UPDATE nation SET level = 0, gennum = 0, tech = 0');
+            foreach ($setup['nation'] ?? [] as $row) {
+                comparisonMonthlyPatch('nation', $row['id'], $row['values']);
+            }
+        }
+        if (($setup['deleteOtherNations'] ?? false) === true) {
+            $keepNationIds = comparisonIntegerList($setup['keepNationIds'] ?? [], 'keepNationIds');
+            if (!$keepNationIds) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('deleteOtherNations requires keepNationIds');
+            }
+            DB::db()->query(
+                'DELETE FROM diplomacy WHERE me NOT IN %li OR you NOT IN %li',
+                $keepNationIds,
+                $keepNationIds,
+            );
+            DB::db()->query('DELETE FROM nation_turn WHERE nation_id NOT IN %li', $keepNationIds);
+            DB::db()->query('DELETE FROM nation WHERE nation NOT IN %li', $keepNationIds);
+        }
+        if (($setup['resetUniqueOccupancy'] ?? false) === true) {
+            DB::db()->delete('ng_auction', '`type` = %s AND finished = 0', 'uniqueItem');
+            DB::db()->query('DELETE FROM storage WHERE namespace LIKE %s', 'ut\\_%');
+        }
+        if (($setup['clearNeutralAuctions'] ?? false) === true) {
+            DB::db()->delete(
+                'ng_auction',
+                '`type` IN %ls AND host_general_id = 0',
+                ['buyRice', 'sellRice'],
+            );
+        }
+        foreach (comparisonIntegerList($setup['clearNationTurnIds'] ?? [], 'clearNationTurnIds') as $nationId) {
+            DB::db()->delete('nation_turn', 'nation_id = %i', $nationId);
+        }
+        foreach (comparisonIntegerList($setup['clearInheritanceOwnerIds'] ?? [], 'clearInheritanceOwnerIds') as $ownerId) {
+            DB::db()->delete('storage', 'namespace = %s', "inheritance_{$ownerId}");
+        }
+        if (($setup['clearBetting'] ?? false) === true) {
+            DB::db()->query('DELETE FROM ng_betting');
+            DB::db()->query('DELETE FROM storage WHERE namespace = %s', 'betting');
+            $gameStorage = KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), 'game_env');
+            $gameStorage->setValue('last_betting_id', 0);
+        }
+        foreach ($setup['bettingInfo'] ?? [] as $rawBettingInfo) {
+            if (!is_array($rawBettingInfo) || !is_int($rawBettingInfo['id'] ?? null)) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('invalid setup.bettingInfo row');
+            }
+            KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), 'betting')->setValue(
+                "id_{$rawBettingInfo['id']}",
+                $rawBettingInfo,
+            );
+        }
+        foreach ($setup['bet'] ?? [] as $row) {
+            if (
+                !is_array($row)
+                || !is_int($row['betting_id'] ?? null)
+                || !is_int($row['general_id'] ?? null)
+                || !is_string($row['betting_type'] ?? null)
+                || !is_int($row['amount'] ?? null)
+            ) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('invalid setup.bet row');
+            }
+            DB::db()->insert('ng_betting', [
+                'betting_id' => $row['betting_id'],
+                'general_id' => $row['general_id'],
+                'user_id' => $row['user_id'] ?? null,
+                'betting_type' => $row['betting_type'],
+                'amount' => $row['amount'],
+            ]);
+        }
+        foreach ($setup['inheritancePrevious'] ?? [] as $ownerId => $value) {
+            if (!is_numeric($ownerId) || !is_int($value)) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('invalid setup.inheritancePrevious entry');
+            }
+            KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), "inheritance_{$ownerId}")->setValue('previous', [$value, null]);
+        }
+        foreach ($setup['inheritancePoints'] ?? [] as $row) {
+            if (
+                !is_array($row)
+                || !is_int($row['ownerId'] ?? null)
+                || !is_string($row['key'] ?? null)
+                || !is_numeric($row['value'] ?? null)
+            ) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('invalid setup.inheritancePoints row');
+            }
+            KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), "inheritance_{$row['ownerId']}")->setValue(
+                $row['key'],
+                [$row['value'], null],
+            );
+        }
+        foreach ($setup['rankData'] ?? [] as $row) {
+            if (
+                !is_array($row)
+                || !is_int($row['generalId'] ?? null)
+                || !is_string($row['type'] ?? null)
+                || !is_int($row['value'] ?? null)
+            ) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('invalid setup.rankData row');
+            }
+            $nationId = (int)(DB::db()->queryFirstField(
+                'SELECT nation FROM general WHERE no = %i',
+                $row['generalId'],
+            ) ?? 0);
+            DB::db()->insertUpdate('rank_data', [
+                'general_id' => $row['generalId'],
+                'nation_id' => $nationId,
+                'type' => $row['type'],
+                'value' => $row['value'],
+            ], [
+                'nation_id' => $nationId,
+                'value' => $row['value'],
+            ]);
+        }
+        foreach ($setup['generalAccessLog'] ?? [] as $row) {
+            if (
+                !is_array($row)
+                || !is_int($row['generalId'] ?? null)
+                || !is_int($row['refreshScoreTotal'] ?? null)
+            ) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('invalid setup.generalAccessLog row');
+            }
+            DB::db()->insertUpdate('general_access_log', [
+                'general_id' => $row['generalId'],
+                'refresh_score_total' => $row['refreshScoreTotal'],
+            ], [
+                'refresh_score_total' => $row['refreshScoreTotal'],
+            ]);
+        }
+        foreach ($setup['nationEnvironment'] ?? [] as $row) {
+            if (
+                !is_array($row)
+                || !is_int($row['nationId'] ?? null)
+                || !is_string($row['key'] ?? null)
+                || !array_key_exists('value', $row)
+            ) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('invalid setup.nationEnvironment row');
+            }
+            KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), $row['nationId'], 'nation_env')->setValue(
+                $row['key'],
+                $row['value'],
+            );
+        }
+        if (($setup['resetDiplomacy'] ?? false) === true) {
+            DB::db()->query('DELETE FROM diplomacy');
+        }
+        foreach ($setup['diplomacy'] ?? [] as $row) {
+            if (
+                !is_array($row)
+                || !is_int($row['fromNationId'] ?? null)
+                || !is_int($row['toNationId'] ?? null)
+                || !is_int($row['state'] ?? null)
+                || !is_int($row['term'] ?? null)
+            ) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('invalid setup.diplomacy row');
+            }
+            $diplomacyPatch = [
+                'me' => $row['fromNationId'],
+                'you' => $row['toNationId'],
+                'state' => $row['state'],
+                'term' => $row['term'],
+                'dead' => $row['dead'] ?? 0,
+            ];
+            DB::db()->insertUpdate('diplomacy', $diplomacyPatch, $diplomacyPatch);
+        }
+        if (($setup['resetEvents'] ?? false) === true) {
+            DB::db()->query('DELETE FROM event');
+        }
+        foreach ($setup['event'] ?? [] as $row) {
+            if (!is_array($row) || !is_int($row['id'] ?? null) || !is_array($row['action'] ?? null)) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('invalid setup.event row');
+            }
+            $eventPatch = [
+                'id' => $row['id'],
+                'target' => $row['target'] ?? 'month',
+                'priority' => $row['priority'] ?? 1000,
+                'condition' => Json::encode($row['condition'] ?? true),
+                'action' => Json::encode($row['action']),
+            ];
+            DB::db()->insertUpdate('event', $eventPatch, $eventPatch);
+        }
+        $gameEnvironmentPatch = $setup['gameEnvironment'] ?? [];
+        if (!is_array($gameEnvironmentPatch)) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('setup.gameEnvironment must be an object');
+        }
+        $gameStorage = KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), 'game_env');
+        $worldPatch = $setup['world'] ?? [];
+        if (!is_array($worldPatch)) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('setup.world must be an object');
+        }
+        if (array_key_exists('hiddenSeed', $worldPatch)) {
+            if (!is_string($worldPatch['hiddenSeed']) || $worldPatch['hiddenSeed'] === '') {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('setup.world.hiddenSeed must be a non-empty string');
+            }
+            UniqueConst::$hiddenSeed = $worldPatch['hiddenSeed'];
+        }
+        foreach ([
+            'isunited',
+            'refreshLimit',
+            'block_change_scout',
+            'lastNPCTroopLeaderID',
+            'tournament',
+            'tnmt_trig',
+            'tnmt_pattern',
+            'prev_winner',
+        ] as $key) {
+            if (array_key_exists($key, $gameEnvironmentPatch)) {
+                $gameStorage->setValue($key, $gameEnvironmentPatch[$key]);
+            }
+        }
+        if (($setup['setAllCitiesNation'] ?? null) !== null) {
+            if (!is_int($setup['setAllCitiesNation'])) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('setup.setAllCitiesNation must be an integer');
+            }
+            DB::db()->update('city', ['nation' => $setup['setAllCitiesNation']], true);
+        }
+
+        $db = DB::db();
+        $generalIdBeforeAction =
+            (int)($db->queryFirstField('SELECT COALESCE(MAX(no), 0) FROM general') ?? 0);
+        $nationIdBeforeAction =
+            (int)($db->queryFirstField('SELECT COALESCE(MAX(nation), 0) FROM nation') ?? 0);
+        $eventIdBeforeAction =
+            (int)($db->queryFirstField('SELECT COALESCE(MAX(id), 0) FROM event') ?? 0);
+        $auctionIdBeforeAction =
+            (int)($db->queryFirstField('SELECT COALESCE(MAX(id), 0) FROM ng_auction') ?? 0);
+        $snapshotRequest = ['observe' => $request['observe'] ?? []];
+        $snapshotRequest['observe']['logAfterId'] =
+            (int)($db->queryFirstField('SELECT COALESCE(MAX(id), 0) FROM general_record') ?? 0);
+        $worldHistoryAfterId =
+            (int)($db->queryFirstField('SELECT COALESCE(MAX(id), 0) FROM world_history') ?? 0);
+        $before = comparisonTurnStateSnapshot($snapshotRequest);
+        $beforeDetails = comparisonMonthlyDetails($snapshotRequest['observe'], $worldHistoryAfterId);
+
+        $environment = $request['environment'] ?? [];
+        if (!is_array($environment)) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('environment must be an object');
+        }
+        $year = $environment['year'] ?? null;
+        $month = $environment['month'] ?? null;
+        $startYear = $environment['startyear'] ?? null;
+        if (!is_int($year) || !is_int($month) || !is_int($startYear)) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('environment year, month, and startyear must be integers');
+        }
+        if (($setup['syncEnvironment'] ?? false) === true) {
+            $gameStorage = KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), 'game_env');
+            $environmentValues = [
+                'year' => $year,
+                'month' => $month,
+                'startyear' => $startYear,
+                'killturn' => $environment['killturn'] ?? $gameStorage->killturn,
+                'turnterm' => $environment['turnterm'] ?? $gameStorage->turnterm,
+            ];
+            if (isset($environment['starttime'])) {
+                if (!is_string($environment['starttime']) || $environment['starttime'] === '') {
+                    throw new \InvalidArgumentException('environment.starttime must be a non-empty string');
+                }
+                $environmentValues['starttime'] = $environment['starttime'];
+            }
+            foreach ($environmentValues as $key => $value) {
+                $gameStorage->setValue($key, $value);
+            }
+            if ($actionName === 'MonthlyBoundary') {
+                $before = comparisonTurnStateSnapshot($snapshotRequest);
+                $beforeDetails = comparisonMonthlyDetails($snapshotRequest['observe'], $worldHistoryAfterId);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($actionName === 'InvaderLifecycle') {
+            foreach (['turnterm', 'turntime'] as $requiredEnvironmentKey) {
+                if (!array_key_exists($requiredEnvironmentKey, $environment)) {
+                    throw new \InvalidArgumentException(
+                        "InvaderLifecycle requires environment.{$requiredEnvironmentKey}",
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+            echo json_encode(
+                comparisonInvaderLifecycleTrace(
+                    $request,
+                    $environment,
+                    $generalIdBeforeAction,
+                    $nationIdBeforeAction,
+                    $eventIdBeforeAction,
+                    $worldHistoryAfterId,
+                ),
+                JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR | JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES | JSON_PRESERVE_ZERO_FRACTION,
+            ), PHP_EOL;
+            return;
+        }
+        if ($actionName === 'NpcNationLifecycle') {
+            foreach (['turnterm', 'turntime'] as $requiredEnvironmentKey) {
+                if (!array_key_exists($requiredEnvironmentKey, $environment)) {
+                    throw new \InvalidArgumentException(
+                        "NpcNationLifecycle requires environment.{$requiredEnvironmentKey}",
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+            echo json_encode(
+                comparisonNpcNationLifecycleTrace(
+                    $environment,
+                    $generalIdBeforeAction,
+                    $nationIdBeforeAction,
+                    $worldHistoryAfterId,
+                ),
+                JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR | JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES | JSON_PRESERVE_ZERO_FRACTION,
+            ), PHP_EOL;
+            return;
+        }
+        if ($actionName === 'NationBettingLifecycle') {
+            echo json_encode(
+                comparisonNationBettingLifecycleTrace(
+                    $request,
+                    $environment,
+                    $eventIdBeforeAction,
+                    $worldHistoryAfterId,
+                ),
+                JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR | JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES | JSON_PRESERVE_ZERO_FRACTION,
+            ), PHP_EOL;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $actionClass = "\\sammo\\Event\\Action\\{$actionName}";
+        if (in_array($actionName, ['PreUpdateMonthly', 'PostUpdateMonthly', 'MonthlyBoundary'], true)) {
+            $action = null;
+        } elseif ($actionName === 'ProcessSemiAnnual') {
+            $resource = $request['resource'] ?? null;
+            if (!is_string($resource)) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('ProcessSemiAnnual requires resource');
+            }
+            $action = new $actionClass($resource);
+        } elseif (in_array($actionName, ['CreateManyNPC', 'RegNPC', 'RegNeutralNPC', 'RaiseInvader', 'AutoDeleteInvader', 'ChangeCity', 'OpenNationBetting', 'FinishNationBetting', 'BlockScoutAction', 'UnblockScoutAction', 'AddGlobalBetray', 'LostUniqueItem', 'ProcessIncome', 'NoticeToHistoryLog'], true)) {
+            $args = $request['args'] ?? [];
+            if (!is_array($args)) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException("{$actionName} args must be an array");
+            }
+            if ($actionName === 'CreateManyNPC' && count($args) > 2) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('CreateManyNPC args must have at most two entries');
+            }
+            if ($actionName === 'RaiseInvader' && count($args) > 4) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('RaiseInvader args must have at most four entries');
+            }
+            if ($actionName === 'ChangeCity' && count($args) !== 2) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('ChangeCity args must have exactly two entries');
+            }
+            if ($actionName === 'OpenNationBetting' && count($args) > 2) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('OpenNationBetting args must have at most two entries');
+            }
+            if ($actionName === 'FinishNationBetting' && count($args) !== 1) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('FinishNationBetting args must have exactly one entry');
+            }
+            if (in_array($actionName, ['BlockScoutAction', 'UnblockScoutAction'], true) && count($args) > 1) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException("{$actionName} args must have at most one entry");
+            }
+            if ($actionName === 'AddGlobalBetray' && count($args) > 2) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('AddGlobalBetray args must have at most two entries');
+            }
+            if ($actionName === 'LostUniqueItem' && count($args) > 1) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('LostUniqueItem args must have at most one entry');
+            }
+            if ($actionName === 'ProcessIncome' && count($args) !== 1) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('ProcessIncome args must have exactly one entry');
+            }
+            if ($actionName === 'NoticeToHistoryLog' && (count($args) < 1 || count($args) > 2)) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('NoticeToHistoryLog args must have one or two entries');
+            }
+            $action = new $actionClass(...$args);
+        } else {
+            $action = new $actionClass();
+        }
+        $actionEnvironment = [
+            'year' => $year,
+            'month' => $month,
+            'startyear' => $startYear,
+        ];
+        if (isset($environment['currentEventID'])) {
+            if (!is_int($environment['currentEventID'])) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('currentEventID must be an integer');
+            }
+            $actionEnvironment['currentEventID'] = $environment['currentEventID'];
+        }
+        if ($actionName === 'UpdateNationLevel') {
+            $killturn = $environment['killturn'] ?? null;
+            $turnterm = $environment['turnterm'] ?? null;
+            if (!is_int($killturn) || !is_int($turnterm) || $turnterm <= 0) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('UpdateNationLevel requires integer killturn and positive turnterm');
+            }
+            $actionEnvironment['killturn'] = $killturn;
+            $actionEnvironment['turnterm'] = $turnterm;
+        }
+        if (in_array($actionName, ['CreateManyNPC', 'RegNPC', 'RegNeutralNPC', 'RaiseNPCNation', 'RaiseInvader', 'ProvideNPCTroopLeader'], true)) {
+            $turnterm = $environment['turnterm'] ?? null;
+            $turntime = $environment['turntime'] ?? null;
+            $showImgLevel = $environment['show_img_level'] ?? 3;
+            $fiction = $environment['fiction'] ?? [0];
+            if (
+                !is_int($turnterm)
+                || $turnterm <= 0
+                || !is_string($turntime)
+                || !is_int($showImgLevel)
+                || !is_array($fiction)
+            ) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException(
+                    "{$actionName} requires positive turnterm, string turntime, integer show_img_level, and array fiction",
+                );
+            }
+            $actionEnvironment += [
+                'turnterm' => $turnterm,
+                'turntime' => $turntime,
+                'show_img_level' => $showImgLevel,
+                'stored_icons' => $environment['stored_icons'] ?? [],
+                'icon_path' => $environment['icon_path'] ?? '.',
+                'fiction' => $fiction,
+            ];
+        }
+        if ($actionName === 'PreUpdateMonthly') {
+            if (!preUpdateMonthly()) {
+                throw new \RuntimeException('preUpdateMonthly failed');
+            }
+        } elseif ($actionName === 'PostUpdateMonthly') {
+            $seedYear = $environment['seedYear'] ?? null;
+            $seedMonth = $environment['seedMonth'] ?? null;
+            if (!is_int($seedYear) || !is_int($seedMonth)) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('PostUpdateMonthly requires seedYear and seedMonth');
+            }
+            postUpdateMonthly(new RandUtil(new LiteHashDRBG(Util::simpleSerialize(
+                UniqueConst::$hiddenSeed,
+                'monthly',
+                $seedYear,
+                $seedMonth,
+            ))));
+        } elseif ($actionName === 'MonthlyBoundary') {
+            $turntime = $environment['turntime'] ?? null;
+            if (!is_string($turntime) || $turntime === '') {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('MonthlyBoundary requires turntime');
+            }
+            $gameStorage = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
+            $seedYear = (int)$gameStorage->year;
+            $seedMonth = (int)$gameStorage->month;
+            TurnExecutionHelper::runEventHandler($db, $gameStorage, Enums\EventTarget::PreMonth);
+            if (!preUpdateMonthly()) {
+                throw new \RuntimeException('preUpdateMonthly failed');
+            }
+            turnDate($turntime);
+            $gameStorage->resetCache();
+            if ((int)$gameStorage->month === 1) {
+                checkStatistic();
+            }
+            TurnExecutionHelper::runEventHandler($db, $gameStorage, Enums\EventTarget::Month);
+            postUpdateMonthly(new RandUtil(new LiteHashDRBG(Util::simpleSerialize(
+                UniqueConst::$hiddenSeed,
+                'monthly',
+                $seedYear,
+                $seedMonth,
+            ))));
+        } else {
+            $action->run($actionEnvironment);
+        }
+        unset($action);
+        gc_collect_cycles();
+
+        $after = comparisonTurnStateSnapshot($snapshotRequest);
+        $afterDetails = comparisonMonthlyDetails($snapshotRequest['observe'], $worldHistoryAfterId);
+        $createdGenerals = [];
+        if (in_array($actionName, ['CreateManyNPC', 'RegNPC', 'RegNeutralNPC', 'RaiseNPCNation', 'RaiseInvader', 'ProvideNPCTroopLeader'], true)) {
+            foreach ($db->query('SELECT * FROM general WHERE no > %i ORDER BY no', $generalIdBeforeAction) as $row) {
+                $generalId = (int)$row['no'];
+                $turnRows = $db->query(
+                    'SELECT turn_idx, action, arg FROM general_turn WHERE general_id = %i ORDER BY turn_idx',
+                    $generalId,
+                );
+                $createdGenerals[] = comparisonPickRow(
+                    $row,
+                    [
+                        'id' => 'no',
+                        'name' => 'name',
+                        'nationId' => 'nation',
+                        'cityId' => 'city',
+                        'leadership' => 'leadership',
+                        'strength' => 'strength',
+                        'intelligence' => 'intel',
+                        'experience' => 'experience',
+                        'dedication' => 'dedication',
+                        'officerLevel' => 'officer_level',
+                        'gold' => 'gold',
+                        'rice' => 'rice',
+                        'crew' => 'crew',
+                        'crewTypeId' => 'crewtype',
+                        'train' => 'train',
+                        'atmos' => 'atmos',
+                        'turnTime' => 'turntime',
+                        'killturn' => 'killturn',
+                        'age' => 'age',
+                        'npcState' => 'npc',
+                        'npcOriginalState' => 'npc_org',
+                        'affinity' => 'affinity',
+                        'personality' => 'personal',
+                        'specialDomestic' => 'special',
+                        'specialWar' => 'special2',
+                        'specAge' => 'specage',
+                        'specAge2' => 'specage2',
+                        'bornYear' => 'bornyear',
+                        'deadYear' => 'deadyear',
+                        'picture' => 'picture',
+                        'dex1' => 'dex1',
+                        'dex2' => 'dex2',
+                        'dex3' => 'dex3',
+                        'dex4' => 'dex4',
+                        'dex5' => 'dex5',
+                    ],
+                ) + [
+                    'turnCount' => count($turnRows),
+                    'turnActions' => array_values(array_unique(array_column($turnRows, 'action'))),
+                    'rankCount' => (int)$db->queryFirstField(
+                        'SELECT count(*) FROM rank_data WHERE general_id = %i',
+                        $generalId,
+                    ),
+                    'nonZeroRankCount' => (int)$db->queryFirstField(
+                        'SELECT count(*) FROM rank_data WHERE general_id = %i AND value != 0',
+                        $generalId,
+                    ),
+                    'troop' => $db->queryFirstRow(
+                        'SELECT troop_leader AS id, nation AS nationId, name FROM troop WHERE troop_leader = %i',
+                        $generalId,
+                    ) ?: null,
+                ];
+            }
+        }
+        $createdNations = [];
+        if (in_array($actionName, ['RaiseNPCNation', 'RaiseInvader'], true)) {
+            foreach ($db->query('SELECT * FROM nation WHERE nation > %i ORDER BY nation', $nationIdBeforeAction) as $row) {
+                $nationId = (int)$row['nation'];
+                $createdNations[] = comparisonPickRow(
+                    $row,
+                    [
+                        'id' => 'nation',
+                        'name' => 'name',
+                        'color' => 'color',
+                        'capitalCityId' => 'capital',
+                        'generalCount' => 'gennum',
+                        'gold' => 'gold',
+                        'rice' => 'rice',
+                        'tech' => 'tech',
+                        'level' => 'level',
+                        'typeCode' => 'type',
+                        'bill' => 'bill',
+                        'rate' => 'rate',
+                        'scout' => 'scout',
+                        'war' => 'war',
+                        'strategicCommandLimit' => 'strategic_cmd_limit',
+                        'surrenderLimit' => 'surlimit',
+                        'aux' => 'aux',
+                    ],
+                    ['aux'],
+                ) + [
+                    'nationTurnCount' => (int)$db->queryFirstField(
+                        'SELECT count(*) FROM nation_turn WHERE nation_id = %i',
+                        $nationId,
+                    ),
+                    'diplomacyCount' => (int)$db->queryFirstField(
+                        'SELECT count(*) FROM diplomacy WHERE me = %i OR you = %i',
+                        $nationId,
+                        $nationId,
+                    ),
+                ];
+            }
+        }
+        $response = [
+            'schemaVersion' => 1,
+            'engine' => 'ref',
+            'action' => $actionName,
+            'before' => $before,
+            'beforeDetails' => $beforeDetails,
+            'after' => $after,
+            'afterDetails' => $afterDetails,
+        ];
+        if (in_array($actionName, ['CreateManyNPC', 'RegNPC', 'RegNeutralNPC'], true)) {
+            $response['createdGenerals'] = $createdGenerals;
+        }
+        if (in_array($actionName, ['RaiseNPCNation', 'RaiseInvader'], true)) {
+            $response['createdGenerals'] = $createdGenerals;
+            $response['createdNations'] = $createdNations;
+        }
+        if ($actionName === 'ProvideNPCTroopLeader') {
+            $response['createdGenerals'] = $createdGenerals;
+            $response['gameEnvironment'] = KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), 'game_env')->getValues([
+                'lastNPCTroopLeaderID',
+            ]);
+        }
+        if ($actionName === 'PreUpdateMonthly') {
+            $response['gameEnvironment'] = KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), 'game_env')->getValues([
+                'develcost',
+            ]);
+        }
+        if ($actionName === 'PostUpdateMonthly') {
+            $response['gameEnvironment'] = KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), 'game_env')->getValues([
+                'tournament',
+                'tnmt_trig',
+                'tnmt_pattern',
+                'tnmt_type',
+                'tnmt_auto',
+                'phase',
+            ]);
+            $response['createdNeutralAuctions'] = array_map(
+                static fn(array $row): array => [
+                    'id' => (int)$row['id'],
+                    'type' => $row['type'],
+                    'target' => $row['target'],
+                    'detail' => Json::decode($row['detail']),
+                ],
+                iterator_to_array(
+                    $db->query(
+                        'SELECT id, `type`, target, detail FROM ng_auction WHERE id > %i AND host_general_id = 0 ORDER BY id',
+                        $auctionIdBeforeAction,
+                    ),
+                ),
+            );
+        }
+        if (in_array($actionName, ['OpenNationBetting', 'FinishNationBetting'], true)) {
+            $bettingStorage = KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), 'betting');
+            $response['betting'] = $bettingStorage->getAll();
+            $response['bets'] = iterator_to_array(
+                $db->query(
+                    'SELECT betting_id AS bettingId, general_id AS generalId, user_id AS userId, betting_type AS selectionKey, amount FROM ng_betting ORDER BY id',
+                ),
+            );
+            $response['createdEvents'] = array_map(
+                static fn(array $row): array => comparisonPickRow(
+                    $row,
+                    [
+                        'id' => 'id',
+                        'targetCode' => 'target',
+                        'priority' => 'priority',
+                        'condition' => 'condition',
+                        'action' => 'action',
+                    ],
+                    ['condition', 'action'],
+                ),
+                iterator_to_array(
+                    $db->query(
+                        'SELECT id, target, priority, `condition`, action FROM event WHERE id > %i ORDER BY id',
+                        $eventIdBeforeAction,
+                    ),
+                ),
+            );
+            $response['gameEnvironment'] = KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), 'game_env')->getValues([
+                'last_betting_id',
+            ]);
+            $response['inheritancePrevious'] = [];
+            foreach (comparisonIntegerList($request['observe']['ownerIds'] ?? [], 'ownerIds') as $ownerId) {
+                $value = KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), "inheritance_{$ownerId}")->getValue('previous');
+                $response['inheritancePrevious'][(string)$ownerId] = is_array($value) ? ($value[0] ?? 0) : 0;
+            }
+        }
+        if (in_array($actionName, ['BlockScoutAction', 'UnblockScoutAction'], true)) {
+            $response['gameEnvironment'] = KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), 'game_env')->getValues([
+                'block_change_scout',
+            ]);
+        }
+        if ($actionName === 'RaiseInvader') {
+            $response['createdEvents'] = array_map(
+                static fn(array $row): array => comparisonPickRow(
+                    $row,
+                    [
+                        'id' => 'id',
+                        'targetCode' => 'target',
+                        'priority' => 'priority',
+                        'condition' => 'condition',
+                        'action' => 'action',
+                    ],
+                    ['condition', 'action'],
+                ),
+                iterator_to_array(
+                    $db->query(
+                        'SELECT id, target, priority, `condition`, action FROM event WHERE id > %i ORDER BY id',
+                        $eventIdBeforeAction,
+                    ),
+                ),
+            );
+            $response['createdDiplomacy'] = iterator_to_array(
+                $db->query(
+                    'SELECT me AS fromNationId, you AS toNationId, state, term FROM diplomacy WHERE me > %i OR you > %i ORDER BY me, you',
+                    $nationIdBeforeAction,
+                    $nationIdBeforeAction,
+                ),
+            );
+            $gameStorage = KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), 'game_env');
+            $response['gameEnvironment'] = $gameStorage->getValues([
+                'isunited',
+                'turnterm',
+                'block_change_scout',
+                'refreshLimit',
+            ]);
+        }
+        if (in_array($actionName, ['AutoDeleteInvader', 'InvaderEnding'], true)) {
+            $gameStorage = KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), 'game_env');
+            $response['gameEnvironment'] = $gameStorage->getValues([
+                'isunited',
+                'turnterm',
+                'block_change_scout',
+                'refreshLimit',
+            ]);
+        }
+        if (($request['compactOutput'] ?? false) === true) {
+            $observedGeneralTurns = [];
+            foreach (comparisonIntegerList($request['observe']['generalIds'] ?? [], 'generalIds') as $generalId) {
+                $observedGeneralTurns[(string)$generalId] = iterator_to_array(
+                    $db->query(
+                        'SELECT turn_idx AS turnIndex, action, arg FROM general_turn WHERE general_id = %i ORDER BY turn_idx',
+                        $generalId,
+                    ),
+                );
+            }
+            $response = [
+                'schemaVersion' => 1,
+                'engine' => 'ref',
+                'action' => $actionName,
+                'afterDetails' => $afterDetails,
+                'createdGeneralCount' => count($createdGenerals),
+                'firstCreatedGenerals' => array_slice($createdGenerals, 0, 3),
+                'createdNations' => $response['createdNations'] ?? [],
+                'createdEvents' => $response['createdEvents'] ?? [],
+                'createdDiplomacy' => $response['createdDiplomacy'] ?? [],
+                'gameEnvironment' => $response['gameEnvironment'] ?? [],
+                'logs' => $after['logs'],
+                'observedGeneralTurns' => $observedGeneralTurns,
+                'remainingEventIds' => array_map(
+                    'intval',
+                    $db->queryFirstColumn('SELECT id FROM event ORDER BY id'),
+                ),
+            ];
+        }
+        echo json_encode(
+            $response,
+            JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR | JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES | JSON_PRESERVE_ZERO_FRACTION,
+        ), PHP_EOL;
+    } catch (\Throwable $throwable) {
+        fwrite(STDERR, $throwable::class . ': ' . $throwable->getMessage() . PHP_EOL);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+}
+
+comparisonMonthlyEventTraceMain();
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace sammo;
+
+if (PHP_SAPI !== 'cli') {
+    http_response_code(404);
+    exit;
+}
+
+chdir(dirname(__DIR__));
+require_once 'lib.php';
+require_once 'func.php';
+
+$groups = [
+    'nation' => ['ActionNationType', 'ActionNationType'],
+    'domestic' => ['ActionSpecialDomestic', 'ActionSpecialDomestic'],
+    'war' => ['ActionSpecialWar', 'ActionSpecialWar'],
+    'personality' => ['ActionPersonality', 'ActionPersonality'],
+];
+
+$result = [];
+foreach ($groups as $kind => [$directory, $namespace]) {
+    foreach (glob(__DIR__ . "/../sammo/{$directory}/*.php") ?: [] as $path) {
+        $key = basename($path, '.php');
+        if ($key === 'None' || str_starts_with($key, 'che_event_') || $key === 'che_거상') {
+            continue;
+        }
+        $className = "\\sammo\\{$namespace}\\{$key}";
+        $trait = new $className();
+        $result[$kind][$key] = [
+            'name' => $trait->getName(),
+            'info' => $trait->getInfo(),
+        ];
+    }
+    ksort($result[$kind]);
+}
+
+echo Json::encode($result);
@@ -0,0 +1,804 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace sammo;
+
+use sammo\Enums\RankColumn;
+
+if (PHP_SAPI !== 'cli') {
+    http_response_code(404);
+    exit;
+}
+
+chdir(dirname(__DIR__));
+$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ??= '127.0.0.1';
+error_reporting(E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED);
+require_once 'lib.php';
+require_once 'func.php';
+require_once __DIR__ . '/turn_state_snapshot.php';
+
+final class TurnComparisonTracingRNG implements RNG
+{
+    private int $sequence = 0;
+
+    /** @var list<array<string, mixed>> */
+    public array $calls = [];
+
+    public function __construct(private readonly RNG $inner)
+    {
+    }
+
+    public static function getMaxInt(): int
+    {
+        return LiteHashDRBG::getMaxInt();
+    }
+
+    public function nextBytes(int $bytes): string
+    {
+        $value = $this->inner->nextBytes($bytes);
+        $this->record('nextBytes', ['bytes' => $bytes], bin2hex($value));
+        return $value;
+    }
+
+    public function nextBits(int $bits): string
+    {
+        $value = $this->inner->nextBits($bits);
+        $this->record('nextBits', ['bits' => $bits], bin2hex($value));
+        return $value;
+    }
+
+    public function nextInt(?int $max = null): int
+    {
+        $value = $this->inner->nextInt($max);
+        $this->record('nextInt', ['maxInclusive' => $max], $value);
+        return $value;
+    }
+
+    public function nextFloat1(): float
+    {
+        $value = $this->inner->nextFloat1();
+        $this->record('nextFloat1', [], $value);
+        return $value;
+    }
+
+    private function record(string $operation, array $arguments, mixed $result): void
+    {
+        $this->calls[] = [
+            'seq' => $this->sequence++,
+            'operation' => $operation,
+            'arguments' => $arguments === [] ? (object)[] : $arguments,
+            'result' => $result,
+        ];
+    }
+}
+
+/** @return array<string, mixed> */
+function comparisonMappedPatch(array $row, array $mapping): array
+{
+    $patch = [];
+    foreach ($mapping as $canonical => $legacy) {
+        if (array_key_exists($canonical, $row)) {
+            $patch[$legacy] = $row[$canonical];
+        }
+    }
+    return $patch;
+}
+
+function comparisonApplyTurnFixtureSetup(mixed $setup): void
+{
+    if ($setup === null) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!is_array($setup)) {
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException('setup must be an object');
+    }
+    $db = DB::db();
+    $world = $setup['world'] ?? null;
+    if ($world !== null) {
+        if (!is_array($world)) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('setup.world must be an object');
+        }
+        $game = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
+        foreach (['year', 'month', 'startyear', 'init_year', 'init_month'] as $key) {
+            $fixtureKey = match ($key) {
+                'startyear' => 'startYear',
+                'init_year' => 'initYear',
+                'init_month' => 'initMonth',
+                default => $key,
+            };
+            if (!array_key_exists($fixtureKey, $world)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            $value = $world[$fixtureKey];
+            if (
+                !is_int($value)
+                || $value < 1
+                || (in_array($key, ['month', 'init_month'], true) && $value > 12)
+            ) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException("setup.world.{$fixtureKey} is invalid");
+            }
+            $game->setValue($key, $value);
+        }
+        $game->resetCache();
+        if (array_key_exists('hiddenSeed', $world)) {
+            $hiddenSeed = $world['hiddenSeed'];
+            if (!is_string($hiddenSeed) || $hiddenSeed === '' || strlen($hiddenSeed) > 256) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('setup.world.hiddenSeed is invalid');
+            }
+            UniqueConst::$hiddenSeed = $hiddenSeed;
+        }
+        // 비교 fixture는 전역 상태에 의존하지 않도록 effect 기본값을 null로 고정하고,
+        // 명시된 경우에만 해당 effect를 활성화합니다.
+        GameConst::$scenarioEffect = null;
+        if (array_key_exists('scenarioEffect', $world)) {
+            $scenarioEffect = $world['scenarioEffect'];
+            if ($scenarioEffect === '' || $scenarioEffect === 'None') {
+                $scenarioEffect = null;
+            }
+            if ($scenarioEffect !== null) {
+                if (!is_string($scenarioEffect) || getScenarioEffectClass($scenarioEffect) === null) {
+                    throw new \InvalidArgumentException('setup.world.scenarioEffect is invalid');
+                }
+            }
+            GameConst::$scenarioEffect = $scenarioEffect;
+        }
+        if (array_key_exists('staticEventHandlers', $world)) {
+            $handlersByEvent = $world['staticEventHandlers'];
+            if (!is_array($handlersByEvent)) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('setup.world.staticEventHandlers must be an object');
+            }
+            foreach ($handlersByEvent as $eventType => $handlers) {
+                if (!is_string($eventType) || $eventType === '' || !is_array($handlers)) {
+                    throw new \InvalidArgumentException('setup.world.staticEventHandlers is invalid');
+                }
+                foreach ($handlers as $handler) {
+                    if (!is_string($handler) || $handler === '') {
+                        throw new \InvalidArgumentException('setup.world.staticEventHandlers is invalid');
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            GameConst::$staticEventHandlers = $handlersByEvent;
+        }
+    }
+
+    foreach (['nations', 'cities', 'generals', 'troops', 'diplomacy'] as $collection) {
+        if (isset($setup[$collection]) && !is_array($setup[$collection])) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException("setup.{$collection} must be an array");
+        }
+    }
+    $generalCooldowns = comparisonGeneralCooldownSelectors(
+        $setup['generalCooldowns'] ?? [],
+        'setup.generalCooldowns',
+    );
+    if ($generalCooldowns !== []) {
+        $nextExecuteStorage = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'next_execute');
+        foreach ($setup['generalCooldowns'] as $entry) {
+            $nextAvailableTurn = $entry['nextAvailableTurn'] ?? null;
+            if (!is_int($nextAvailableTurn) || $nextAvailableTurn < 0) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException(
+                    'setup.generalCooldowns entries require a non-negative nextAvailableTurn',
+                );
+            }
+            $key = "next_execute_{$entry['generalId']}_{$entry['actionName']}";
+            $nextExecuteStorage->setValue($key, $nextAvailableTurn);
+        }
+        $nextExecuteStorage->resetCache();
+    }
+    if (isset($setup['randomFoundingCandidateCityIds'])) {
+        $candidateCityIds = comparisonIntegerList(
+            $setup['randomFoundingCandidateCityIds'],
+            'randomFoundingCandidateCityIds',
+        );
+        $db->update('city', ['level' => 4], '1 = 1');
+        if ($candidateCityIds !== []) {
+            $db->update('city', ['level' => 5], 'city IN %li', $candidateCityIds);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (($setup['isolateWorld'] ?? false) === true) {
+        $generalIds = array_values(array_map(
+            static fn(array $row): int => (int)$row['id'],
+            $setup['generals'] ?? [],
+        ));
+        $nationIds = array_values(array_map(
+            static fn(array $row): int => (int)$row['id'],
+            $setup['nations'] ?? [],
+        ));
+        if ($generalIds === [] || $nationIds === []) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('isolateWorld requires generals and nations');
+        }
+        $generalTemplate = $db->queryFirstRow(
+            'SELECT * FROM general WHERE no IN %li ORDER BY no LIMIT 1',
+            $generalIds,
+        );
+        if ($generalTemplate === null) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('isolateWorld requires at least one existing fixture general');
+        }
+        $generalTemplateId = (int)$generalTemplate['no'];
+        $rankDataTemplate = $db->query(
+            'SELECT `type`, `value` FROM rank_data WHERE general_id = %i',
+            $generalTemplateId,
+        );
+        $db->delete('general_turn', 'general_id NOT IN %li', $generalIds);
+        $db->delete('rank_data', 'general_id NOT IN %li', $generalIds);
+        $db->delete('nation_turn', 'nation_id NOT IN %li', $nationIds);
+        $db->delete('troop', '1 = 1');
+        $db->delete('diplomacy', '1 = 1');
+        $db->delete('general', 'no NOT IN %li', $generalIds);
+        foreach ($generalIds as $generalId) {
+            if ($db->queryFirstField('SELECT no FROM general WHERE no = %i', $generalId) !== null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            $newGeneral = $generalTemplate;
+            $newGeneral['no'] = $generalId;
+            $newGeneral['owner'] = 0;
+            $newGeneral['name'] = "fixture-general-{$generalId}";
+            $db->insert('general', $newGeneral);
+        }
+        foreach ($generalIds as $generalId) {
+            foreach ($rankDataTemplate as $rankRow) {
+                $rankData = [
+                    'general_id' => $generalId,
+                    'type' => $rankRow['type'],
+                    'value' => $rankRow['value'],
+                ];
+                $db->insertUpdate('rank_data', $rankData, $rankData);
+            }
+        }
+        $db->delete('nation', 'nation NOT IN %li', $nationIds);
+        $db->update('city', [
+            'nation' => 0,
+            'supply' => 0,
+            'front' => 0,
+            'state' => 0,
+            'term' => 0,
+            'conflict' => '{}',
+            'officer_set' => 0,
+        ], '1 = 1');
+    }
+
+    foreach ($setup['nations'] ?? [] as $row) {
+        if (!is_array($row) || !is_int($row['id'] ?? null) || $row['id'] < 1) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('setup.nations requires positive integer ids');
+        }
+        $data = comparisonMappedPatch($row, [
+            'id' => 'nation',
+            'name' => 'name',
+            'color' => 'color',
+            'capitalCityId' => 'capital',
+            'gold' => 'gold',
+            'rice' => 'rice',
+            'tech' => 'tech',
+            'level' => 'level',
+            'typeCode' => 'type',
+            'war' => 'war',
+            'diplomacyLimit' => 'surlimit',
+            'generalCount' => 'gennum',
+            'power' => 'power',
+            'capitalRevision' => 'capset',
+            'strategicCommandLimit' => 'strategic_cmd_limit',
+        ]);
+        if (isset($row['meta'])) {
+            $data['aux'] = Json::encode($row['meta']);
+        }
+        $data += [
+            'name' => "fixture-nation-{$row['id']}",
+            'color' => '#777777',
+            'capital' => 0,
+            'gold' => 0,
+            'rice' => 0,
+            'level' => 1,
+            'type' => 'che_중립',
+            'aux' => '{}',
+        ];
+        $db->insertUpdate('nation', $data, $data);
+        $nationStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, $row['id'], 'nation_env');
+        if (($setup['isolateWorld'] ?? false) === true) {
+            $nationStor->deleteValue('recv_assist');
+            $nationStor->deleteValue('resp_assist');
+        }
+        if (array_key_exists('nationEnv', $row)) {
+            if (!is_array($row['nationEnv'])) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('setup.nations.nationEnv must be an object');
+            }
+            foreach ($row['nationEnv'] as $key => $value) {
+                if (!is_string($key) || $key === '') {
+                    throw new \InvalidArgumentException('setup.nations.nationEnv keys must be non-empty strings');
+                }
+                $nationStor->setValue($key, $value);
+            }
+            $nationStor->resetCache();
+        }
+        if (array_key_exists('turnLastByOfficerLevel', $row)) {
+            $turnLastByOfficerLevel = $row['turnLastByOfficerLevel'];
+            if (!is_array($turnLastByOfficerLevel)) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('setup.nations.turnLastByOfficerLevel must be an object');
+            }
+            foreach ($turnLastByOfficerLevel as $officerLevel => $lastTurn) {
+                $officerLevel = filter_var($officerLevel, FILTER_VALIDATE_INT);
+                if (
+                    $officerLevel === false
+                    || $officerLevel < 5
+                    || $officerLevel > 12
+                    || !is_array($lastTurn)
+                ) {
+                    throw new \InvalidArgumentException(
+                        'setup.nations.turnLastByOfficerLevel requires officer levels 5 through 12'
+                    );
+                }
+                $nationStor->setValue("turn_last_{$officerLevel}", $lastTurn);
+            }
+            $nationStor->resetCache();
+        }
+    }
+    if (($setup['isolateWorld'] ?? false) === true && ($setup['nations'] ?? []) !== []) {
+        $maxNationId = max(array_map(
+            static fn(array $row): int => (int)$row['id'],
+            $setup['nations'],
+        ));
+        $db->query('ALTER TABLE nation AUTO_INCREMENT = %i', $maxNationId + 1);
+    }
+
+    foreach ($setup['cities'] ?? [] as $row) {
+        if (!is_array($row) || !is_int($row['id'] ?? null) || $row['id'] < 1) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('setup.cities requires positive integer ids');
+        }
+        $patch = comparisonMappedPatch($row, [
+            'nationId' => 'nation',
+            'level' => 'level',
+            'population' => 'pop',
+            'populationMax' => 'pop_max',
+            'agriculture' => 'agri',
+            'agricultureMax' => 'agri_max',
+            'commerce' => 'comm',
+            'commerceMax' => 'comm_max',
+            'security' => 'secu',
+            'securityMax' => 'secu_max',
+            'supplyState' => 'supply',
+            'frontState' => 'front',
+            'defence' => 'def',
+            'defenceMax' => 'def_max',
+            'wall' => 'wall',
+            'wallMax' => 'wall_max',
+            'state' => 'state',
+            'term' => 'term',
+            'trust' => 'trust',
+            'trade' => 'trade',
+            'officerSet' => 'officer_set',
+        ]);
+        if (array_key_exists('conflictEntries', $row)) {
+            if (!is_array($row['conflictEntries'])) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('setup.cities.conflictEntries must be an array');
+            }
+            $orderedConflict = [];
+            foreach ($row['conflictEntries'] as $entry) {
+                if (
+                    !is_array($entry)
+                    || count($entry) !== 2
+                    || !is_int($entry[0] ?? null)
+                    || $entry[0] < 1
+                    || !is_numeric($entry[1] ?? null)
+                ) {
+                    throw new \InvalidArgumentException(
+                        'setup.cities.conflictEntries requires [positive nation id, numeric value] pairs'
+                    );
+                }
+                $orderedConflict[$entry[0]] = $entry[1];
+            }
+            $patch['conflict'] = Json::encode($orderedConflict);
+        } elseif (array_key_exists('conflict', $row)) {
+            if (!is_array($row['conflict'])) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('setup.cities.conflict must be an object');
+            }
+            $patch['conflict'] = Json::encode($row['conflict']);
+        }
+        if ($patch !== []) {
+            $db->update('city', $patch, 'city = %i', $row['id']);
+        }
+    }
+
+    foreach ($setup['generals'] ?? [] as $row) {
+        if (!is_array($row) || !is_int($row['id'] ?? null) || $row['id'] < 1) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('setup.generals requires positive integer ids');
+        }
+        $patch = comparisonMappedPatch($row, [
+            'name' => 'name',
+            'nationId' => 'nation',
+            'cityId' => 'city',
+            'troopId' => 'troop',
+            'leadership' => 'leadership',
+            'strength' => 'strength',
+            'intelligence' => 'intel',
+            'leadershipExp' => 'leadership_exp',
+            'strengthExp' => 'strength_exp',
+            'intelExp' => 'intel_exp',
+            'experience' => 'experience',
+            'dedication' => 'dedication',
+            'expLevel' => 'explevel',
+            'officerLevel' => 'officer_level',
+            'officerCityId' => 'officer_city',
+            'belong' => 'belong',
+            'permission' => 'permission',
+            'betray' => 'betray',
+            'makeLimit' => 'makelimit',
+            'injury' => 'injury',
+            'age' => 'age',
+            'gold' => 'gold',
+            'rice' => 'rice',
+            'crew' => 'crew',
+            'crewTypeId' => 'crewtype',
+            'train' => 'train',
+            'atmos' => 'atmos',
+            'dex1' => 'dex1',
+            'dex2' => 'dex2',
+            'dex3' => 'dex3',
+            'dex4' => 'dex4',
+            'dex5' => 'dex5',
+            'specAge' => 'specage',
+            'specAge2' => 'specage2',
+            'killTurn' => 'killturn',
+            'npcState' => 'npc',
+            'blockState' => 'block',
+            'specialDomestic' => 'special',
+            'specialWar' => 'special2',
+            'personality' => 'personal',
+            'itemHorse' => 'horse',
+            'itemWeapon' => 'weapon',
+            'itemBook' => 'book',
+            'itemExtra' => 'item',
+        ]);
+        if (isset($row['meta'])) {
+            $patch['aux'] = Json::encode($row['meta']);
+        }
+        if (array_key_exists('penalty', $row)) {
+            if (!is_array($row['penalty'])) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('setup.generals.penalty must be an object');
+            }
+            $patch['penalty'] = Json::encode($row['penalty']);
+        }
+        if (isset($row['lastTurn']) && is_array($row['lastTurn'])) {
+            $patch['last_turn'] = Json::encode($row['lastTurn']);
+        }
+        if ($patch !== []) {
+            $db->update('general', $patch, 'no = %i', $row['id']);
+        }
+        if (array_key_exists('nationId', $row)) {
+            $db->update('rank_data', [
+                'nation_id' => $row['nationId'],
+            ], 'general_id = %i', $row['id']);
+        }
+    }
+    foreach ($setup['rankData'] ?? [] as $row) {
+        if (
+            !is_array($row)
+            || !is_int($row['generalId'] ?? null)
+            || !is_string($row['type'] ?? null)
+            || RankColumn::tryFrom($row['type']) === null
+            || !is_int($row['value'] ?? null)
+        ) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('invalid setup.rankData row');
+        }
+        $nationId = (int)($db->queryFirstField(
+            'SELECT nation FROM general WHERE no = %i',
+            $row['generalId'],
+        ) ?? 0);
+        $db->insertUpdate('rank_data', [
+            'general_id' => $row['generalId'],
+            'nation_id' => $nationId,
+            'type' => $row['type'],
+            'value' => $row['value'],
+        ], [
+            'nation_id' => $nationId,
+            'value' => $row['value'],
+        ]);
+    }
+    if (($setup['isolateWorld'] ?? false) === true && ($setup['generals'] ?? []) !== []) {
+        $maxGeneralId = max(array_map(
+            static fn(array $row): int => (int)$row['id'],
+            $setup['generals'],
+        ));
+        $db->query('ALTER TABLE general AUTO_INCREMENT = %i', $maxGeneralId + 1);
+    }
+
+    foreach ($setup['troops'] ?? [] as $row) {
+        if (
+            !is_array($row)
+            || !is_int($row['id'] ?? null)
+            || !is_int($row['nationId'] ?? null)
+            || !is_string($row['name'] ?? null)
+            || $row['id'] < 1
+            || $row['nationId'] < 1
+            || $row['name'] === ''
+        ) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('setup.troops requires positive id/nationId and non-empty name');
+        }
+        $data = [
+            'troop_leader' => $row['id'],
+            'nation' => $row['nationId'],
+            'name' => $row['name'],
+        ];
+        $db->insertUpdate('troop', $data, $data);
+    }
+
+    foreach ($setup['diplomacy'] ?? [] as $row) {
+        if (
+            !is_array($row) ||
+            !is_int($row['fromNationId'] ?? null) ||
+            !is_int($row['toNationId'] ?? null) ||
+            $row['fromNationId'] < 1 ||
+            $row['toNationId'] < 1
+        ) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('setup.diplomacy requires positive integer nation ids');
+        }
+        $data = comparisonMappedPatch($row, [
+            'fromNationId' => 'me',
+            'toNationId' => 'you',
+            'state' => 'state',
+            'term' => 'term',
+            'dead' => 'dead',
+        ]);
+        $data += ['state' => 3, 'term' => 0, 'dead' => 0];
+        $db->insertUpdate('diplomacy', $data, $data);
+    }
+}
+
+function comparisonRunTurnCommand(array $request): array
+{
+    if (getenv('TURN_DIFFERENTIAL_ENABLED') !== '1') {
+        throw new \RuntimeException('TURN_DIFFERENTIAL_ENABLED=1 is required');
+    }
+    $kind = $request['kind'] ?? null;
+    if (!in_array($kind, ['general', 'nation', 'instantNation', 'troopJoinStaticEvent'], true)) {
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException(
+            'kind must be general, nation, instantNation, or troopJoinStaticEvent',
+        );
+    }
+    $actorGeneralId = $request['actorGeneralId'] ?? null;
+    $action = $request['action'] ?? null;
+    $args = $request['args'] ?? null;
+    $includeLifecycle = $request['includeLifecycle'] ?? false;
+    if (!is_int($actorGeneralId) || $actorGeneralId < 1) {
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException('actorGeneralId must be a positive integer');
+    }
+    if (!is_string($action) || $action === '') {
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException('action must be a non-empty string');
+    }
+    if (!is_bool($includeLifecycle)) {
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException('includeLifecycle must be a boolean');
+    }
+    if ($includeLifecycle && $kind !== 'general') {
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException('includeLifecycle currently supports general commands only');
+    }
+
+    comparisonApplyTurnFixtureSetup($request['setup'] ?? null);
+    if ($includeLifecycle) {
+        DB::db()->insertUpdate('general_turn', [
+            'general_id' => $actorGeneralId,
+            'turn_idx' => 0,
+            'action' => $action,
+            'arg' => Json::encode($args),
+            'brief' => $action,
+        ], [
+            'action' => $action,
+            'arg' => Json::encode($args),
+            'brief' => $action,
+        ]);
+    }
+    $snapshotRequest = ['observe' => $request['observe'] ?? []];
+    $before = comparisonTurnStateSnapshot($snapshotRequest);
+    $db = DB::db();
+    $gameStorage = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
+    $gameStorage->resetCache();
+    $environment = $gameStorage->getAll();
+    if ($kind === 'troopJoinStaticEvent') {
+        if ($action !== \sammo\API\Troop\JoinTroop::class) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('troopJoinStaticEvent requires the JoinTroop API action');
+        }
+        $troopId = is_array($args) ? ($args['troopID'] ?? null) : null;
+        if (!is_int($troopId) || $troopId < 1) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('troopJoinStaticEvent requires a positive integer troopID');
+        }
+        $general = GeneralLite::createObjFromDB(
+            $actorGeneralId,
+            ['troop'],
+            Enums\GeneralLiteQueryMode::Lite,
+        );
+        if ($general === null) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('장수 정보를 불러올 수 없습니다.');
+        }
+        if ($general->getVar('troop') != 0) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('이미 부대에 소속되어 있습니다.');
+        }
+        $nationId = $general->getNationID();
+        if ($nationId == 0) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('국가에 소속되어 있지 않습니다.');
+        }
+        $troopExists = $db->queryFirstField(
+            'SELECT `troop_leader` FROM `troop` WHERE `troop_leader` = %i AND `nation` = %i',
+            $troopId,
+            $nationId,
+        );
+        if (!$troopExists) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('부대가 올바르지 않습니다.');
+        }
+
+        GameConst::$staticEventHandlers = [
+            \sammo\API\Troop\JoinTroop::class => ['event_부대탑승즉시이동'],
+        ];
+        $general->setVar('troop', $troopId);
+        StaticEventHandler::handleEvent($general, null, \sammo\API\Troop\JoinTroop::class, [], $args);
+        $general->applyDB($db);
+        $after = comparisonTurnStateSnapshot($snapshotRequest);
+
+        return [
+            'schemaVersion' => 1,
+            'engine' => 'ref',
+            'execution' => [
+                'kind' => $kind,
+                'actorGeneralId' => $actorGeneralId,
+                'action' => $action,
+                'args' => $args,
+                'seedDomain' => 'none',
+                'outcome' => ['completed' => true],
+            ],
+            'before' => $before,
+            'after' => $after,
+            'rng' => [],
+        ];
+    }
+    $general = General::createObjFromDB($actorGeneralId);
+    if ($kind === 'instantNation') {
+        $command = buildNationCommandClass($action, $general, $environment, new LastTurn(), $args);
+        if (!$command->hasFullConditionMet()) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException($command->getFailString());
+        }
+        $completed = $command->run(NoRNG::rngInstance());
+        $command->setNextAvailable();
+        $general->getLogger()->flush();
+        $after = comparisonTurnStateSnapshot($snapshotRequest);
+
+        return [
+            'schemaVersion' => 1,
+            'engine' => 'ref',
+            'execution' => [
+                'kind' => $kind,
+                'actorGeneralId' => $actorGeneralId,
+                'action' => $action,
+                'args' => $args,
+                'seedDomain' => 'none',
+                'outcome' => [
+                    'lastTurn' => (object)[],
+                    'commandName' => $command->getName(),
+                    'completed' => $completed,
+                ],
+            ],
+            'before' => $before,
+            'after' => $after,
+            'rng' => [],
+        ];
+    }
+    $turn = new TurnExecutionHelper($general);
+    $general->increaseInheritancePoint(Enums\InheritanceKey::lived_month, 1);
+    $preprocessRng = new RandUtil(new LiteHashDRBG(Util::simpleSerialize(
+        UniqueConst::$hiddenSeed,
+        'preprocess',
+        (int)$environment['year'],
+        (int)$environment['month'],
+        $actorGeneralId,
+    )));
+    $turn->preprocessCommand($preprocessRng, $environment);
+    $seedDomain = $kind === 'general' ? 'generalCommand' : 'nationCommand';
+    $seed = Util::simpleSerialize(
+        UniqueConst::$hiddenSeed,
+        $seedDomain,
+        (int)$environment['year'],
+        (int)$environment['month'],
+        $actorGeneralId,
+        $action,
+    );
+    $tracingRng = new TurnComparisonTracingRNG(new LiteHashDRBG($seed));
+    $rng = new RandUtil($tracingRng);
+    if ($kind === 'general' && $action === 'che_견문') {
+        \sammo\TextDecoration\SightseeingMessage::setComparisonRng($rng);
+    }
+
+    if ($kind === 'general') {
+        $previousLastTurn = $general->getLastTurn();
+        $previousLastTurnRaw = $previousLastTurn->toRaw();
+        $command = buildGeneralCommandClass($action, $general, $environment, $args);
+        $commandFullConditionMet = $command->hasFullConditionMet();
+        $resultTurn = $turn->processCommand($rng, $command, false);
+    } else {
+        $nationStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, $general->getNationID(), 'nation_env');
+        $lastNationTurnKey = "turn_last_{$general->getVar('officer_level')}";
+        $previousLastTurn = LastTurn::fromRaw($nationStor->getValue($lastNationTurnKey));
+        $previousLastTurnRaw = $previousLastTurn->toRaw();
+        $command = buildNationCommandClass($action, $general, $environment, $previousLastTurn, $args);
+        $commandFullConditionMet = $command->hasFullConditionMet();
+        $resultTurn = $turn->processNationCommand($rng, $command);
+        $nationStor->setValue($lastNationTurnKey, $resultTurn->toRaw());
+    }
+
+    if ($includeLifecycle) {
+        pullGeneralCommand($general->getID());
+        $general->increaseVarWithLimit(
+            'myset',
+            GameConst::$incDefSettingChange,
+            null,
+            GameConst::$maxDefSettingChange,
+        );
+        $turn->updateTurnTime();
+    }
+    $general->getLogger()->flush();
+    $turn->applyDB();
+    unset($turn);
+    $after = comparisonTurnStateSnapshot($snapshotRequest);
+    $resultTurnRaw = $resultTurn->toRaw();
+    $resultTerm = (int)($resultTurnRaw['term'] ?? 0);
+    $preReqTurn = $command->getPreReqTurn();
+    $acceptScoutCompleted = (
+        $action === 'che_등용수락'
+        && is_array($args)
+        && is_int($args['destNationID'] ?? null)
+        && $general->getNationID() === $args['destNationID']
+    );
+    $foundNationCompleted = (
+        in_array($action, ['che_건국', 'cr_건국', 'che_무작위건국'], true)
+        && is_array($args)
+        && is_string($args['nationName'] ?? null)
+        && DB::db()->queryFirstField(
+            'SELECT name FROM nation WHERE nation = %i',
+            $general->getNationID(),
+        ) === $args['nationName']
+    );
+    $completedByState = (
+        $action === 'che_접경귀환'
+        && $tracingRng->calls !== []
+    ) || $acceptScoutCompleted || $foundNationCompleted || (($resultTurnRaw['command'] ?? null) === $command->getName()
+        && (
+            ($preReqTurn === 0 && $resultTerm === 0)
+            || (
+                $preReqTurn > 0
+                && ($previousLastTurnRaw['command'] ?? null) === $command->getName()
+                && ($previousLastTurnRaw['arg'] ?? null) === $command->getArg()
+                && (int)($previousLastTurnRaw['term'] ?? 0) === $preReqTurn
+            )
+        ));
+    $completed = $commandFullConditionMet && $completedByState;
+
+    return [
+        'schemaVersion' => 1,
+        'engine' => 'ref',
+        'execution' => [
+            'kind' => $kind,
+            'actorGeneralId' => $actorGeneralId,
+            'action' => $action,
+            'args' => $args,
+            'seedDomain' => $seedDomain,
+            'outcome' => [
+                'lastTurn' => $resultTurnRaw,
+                'commandName' => $command->getName(),
+                'completed' => $completed,
+            ],
+        ],
+        'before' => $before,
+        'after' => $after,
+        'rng' => $tracingRng->calls,
+    ];
+}
+
+try {
+    $input = stream_get_contents(STDIN);
+    $request = json_decode($input === '' ? '{}' : $input, true, flags: JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
+    if (!is_array($request)) {
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException('request must be an object');
+    }
+    echo json_encode(
+        comparisonRunTurnCommand($request),
+        JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR | JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES | JSON_PRESERVE_ZERO_FRACTION,
+    ), PHP_EOL;
+} catch (\Throwable $throwable) {
+    fwrite(STDERR, $throwable::class . ': ' . $throwable->getMessage() . PHP_EOL);
+    exit(1);
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,643 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace sammo;
+
+use sammo\Enums\RankColumn;
+
+if (PHP_SAPI !== 'cli') {
+    http_response_code(404);
+    exit;
+}
+
+chdir(dirname(__DIR__));
+require_once 'lib.php';
+require_once 'func.php';
+
+/** @return list<int> */
+function comparisonIntegerList(mixed $value, string $label): array
+{
+    if ($value === null) {
+        return [];
+    }
+    if (!is_array($value)) {
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException("{$label} must be an array");
+    }
+    $result = [];
+    foreach ($value as $entry) {
+        if (!is_int($entry) || $entry < 0) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException("{$label} entries must be non-negative integers");
+        }
+        $result[$entry] = $entry;
+    }
+    ksort($result, SORT_NUMERIC);
+    return array_values($result);
+}
+
+function comparisonJsonValue(mixed $value): mixed
+{
+    if (!is_string($value) || $value === '') {
+        return $value;
+    }
+    try {
+        return json_decode($value, true, flags: JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
+    } catch (\JsonException) {
+        return $value;
+    }
+}
+
+function comparisonOptionalCode(mixed $value): ?string
+{
+    if (!is_string($value) || $value === '' || $value === 'None') {
+        return null;
+    }
+    return $value;
+}
+
+/** @return list<array{generalId: int, actionName: string}> */
+function comparisonGeneralCooldownSelectors(mixed $value, string $label): array
+{
+    if ($value === null) {
+        return [];
+    }
+    if (!is_array($value)) {
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException("{$label} must be an array");
+    }
+    $result = [];
+    foreach ($value as $entry) {
+        if (!is_array($entry)) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException("{$label} entries must be objects");
+        }
+        $generalId = $entry['generalId'] ?? null;
+        $actionName = $entry['actionName'] ?? null;
+        if (!is_int($generalId) || $generalId < 1 || !is_string($actionName) || $actionName === '') {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException(
+                "{$label} entries require a positive generalId and non-empty actionName",
+            );
+        }
+        $result["{$generalId}:{$actionName}"] = [
+            'generalId' => $generalId,
+            'actionName' => $actionName,
+        ];
+    }
+    ksort($result, SORT_STRING);
+    return array_values($result);
+}
+
+/** @return list<array{nationId: int, actionName: string}> */
+function comparisonNationCooldownSelectors(mixed $value, string $label): array
+{
+    if ($value === null) {
+        return [];
+    }
+    if (!is_array($value)) {
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException("{$label} must be an array");
+    }
+    $result = [];
+    foreach ($value as $entry) {
+        if (!is_array($entry)) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException("{$label} entries must be objects");
+        }
+        $nationId = $entry['nationId'] ?? null;
+        $actionName = $entry['actionName'] ?? null;
+        if (!is_int($nationId) || $nationId < 1 || !is_string($actionName) || $actionName === '') {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException(
+                "{$label} entries require a positive nationId and non-empty actionName",
+            );
+        }
+        $result["{$nationId}:{$actionName}"] = [
+            'nationId' => $nationId,
+            'actionName' => $actionName,
+        ];
+    }
+    ksort($result, SORT_STRING);
+    return array_values($result);
+}
+
+/** @return list<array{fromNationId: int, toNationId: int}> */
+function comparisonDiplomacyPairSelectors(mixed $value, string $label): array
+{
+    if ($value === null) {
+        return [];
+    }
+    if (!is_array($value)) {
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException("{$label} must be an array");
+    }
+    $result = [];
+    foreach ($value as $entry) {
+        if (!is_array($entry)) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException("{$label} entries must be objects");
+        }
+        $fromNationId = $entry['fromNationId'] ?? null;
+        $toNationId = $entry['toNationId'] ?? null;
+        if (!is_int($fromNationId) || $fromNationId < 1 || !is_int($toNationId) || $toNationId < 1) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException(
+                "{$label} entries require positive fromNationId and toNationId",
+            );
+        }
+        $result["{$fromNationId}:{$toNationId}"] = [
+            'fromNationId' => $fromNationId,
+            'toNationId' => $toNationId,
+        ];
+    }
+    ksort($result, SORT_STRING);
+    return array_values($result);
+}
+
+/** @param array<string, mixed> $row */
+function comparisonPickRow(array $row, array $mapping, array $jsonKeys = []): array
+{
+    $result = [];
+    foreach ($mapping as $canonical => $legacy) {
+        if (!array_key_exists($legacy, $row)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        $value = $row[$legacy];
+        if (in_array($legacy, $jsonKeys, true)) {
+            $value = comparisonJsonValue($value);
+        }
+        $result[$canonical] = $value;
+    }
+    return $result;
+}
+
+/** @param list<int> $ids */
+function comparisonRowsById(string $table, string $idColumn, array $ids): array
+{
+    $db = DB::db();
+    $rows = [];
+    foreach ($ids as $id) {
+        $row = $db->queryFirstRow(
+            "SELECT * FROM `{$table}` WHERE `{$idColumn}` = %i",
+            $id,
+        );
+        if ($row !== null) {
+            $rows[] = $row;
+        }
+    }
+    return $rows;
+}
+
+function comparisonTurnStateSnapshot(array $request): array
+{
+    $observe = $request['observe'] ?? [];
+    if (!is_array($observe)) {
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException('observe must be an object');
+    }
+    $generalIds = comparisonIntegerList($observe['generalIds'] ?? [], 'generalIds');
+    $cityIds = comparisonIntegerList($observe['cityIds'] ?? [], 'cityIds');
+    $nationIds = comparisonIntegerList($observe['nationIds'] ?? [], 'nationIds');
+    $logAfterId = $observe['logAfterId'] ?? 0;
+    $messageAfterId = $observe['messageAfterId'] ?? 0;
+    $includeNationHistoryLogs = $observe['includeNationHistoryLogs'] ?? false;
+    $includeGlobalHistoryLogs = $observe['includeGlobalHistoryLogs'] ?? false;
+    $generalCooldownSelectors = comparisonGeneralCooldownSelectors(
+        $observe['generalCooldowns'] ?? [],
+        'generalCooldowns',
+    );
+    $nationCooldownSelectors = comparisonNationCooldownSelectors(
+        $observe['nationCooldowns'] ?? [],
+        'nationCooldowns',
+    );
+    $diplomacyPairSelectors = comparisonDiplomacyPairSelectors(
+        $observe['diplomacyPairs'] ?? [],
+        'diplomacyPairs',
+    );
+    if (
+        !is_int($logAfterId)
+        || $logAfterId < 0
+        || !is_int($messageAfterId)
+        || $messageAfterId < 0
+    ) {
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException('logAfterId and messageAfterId must be non-negative integers');
+    }
+    if (!is_bool($includeNationHistoryLogs)) {
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException('includeNationHistoryLogs must be a boolean');
+    }
+    if (!is_bool($includeGlobalHistoryLogs)) {
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException('includeGlobalHistoryLogs must be a boolean');
+    }
+
+    $db = DB::db();
+    $game = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
+    $game->resetCache();
+    $worldValues = $game->getValues([
+        'year',
+        'month',
+        'turnterm',
+        'turntime',
+        'isunited',
+        'scenario',
+        'init_year',
+        'init_month',
+        'develcost',
+        'killturn',
+    ]);
+    $nextExecuteStorage = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'next_execute');
+    $nextExecuteStorage->resetCache();
+    $generalCooldowns = array_map(
+        static function (array $selector) use ($nextExecuteStorage): array {
+            $key = "next_execute_{$selector['generalId']}_{$selector['actionName']}";
+            $value = $nextExecuteStorage->getValue($key);
+            return [
+                ...$selector,
+                'nextAvailableTurn' => is_int($value) ? $value : null,
+            ];
+        },
+        $generalCooldownSelectors,
+    );
+    $nationCooldowns = array_map(
+        static function (array $selector) use ($db): array {
+            $nationStorage = KVStorage::getStorage($db, $selector['nationId'], 'nation_env');
+            $nationStorage->resetCache();
+            $value = $nationStorage->getValue("next_execute_{$selector['actionName']}");
+            return [
+                ...$selector,
+                'nextAvailableTurn' => is_int($value) ? $value : null,
+            ];
+        },
+        $nationCooldownSelectors,
+    );
+
+    $generals = array_map(
+        static function (array $row): array {
+            $result = comparisonPickRow(
+                $row,
+            [
+                'id' => 'no',
+                'name' => 'name',
+                'nationId' => 'nation',
+                'cityId' => 'city',
+                'troopId' => 'troop',
+                'leadership' => 'leadership',
+                'strength' => 'strength',
+                'intelligence' => 'intel',
+                'experience' => 'experience',
+                'dedication' => 'dedication',
+                'expLevel' => 'explevel',
+                'officerLevel' => 'officer_level',
+                'officerCityId' => 'officer_city',
+                'belong' => 'belong',
+                'permission' => 'permission',
+                'betray' => 'betray',
+                'makeLimit' => 'makelimit',
+                'injury' => 'injury',
+                'gold' => 'gold',
+                'rice' => 'rice',
+                'crew' => 'crew',
+                'crewTypeId' => 'crewtype',
+                'train' => 'train',
+                'atmos' => 'atmos',
+                'age' => 'age',
+                'npcState' => 'npc',
+                'turnTime' => 'turntime',
+                'recentWarTime' => 'recent_war',
+                'lastTurn' => 'last_turn',
+                'meta' => 'aux',
+                'penalty' => 'penalty',
+                'leadershipExp' => 'leadership_exp',
+                'strengthExp' => 'strength_exp',
+                'intelExp' => 'intel_exp',
+                'dex1' => 'dex1',
+                'dex2' => 'dex2',
+                'dex3' => 'dex3',
+                'dex4' => 'dex4',
+                'dex5' => 'dex5',
+                'specAge' => 'specage',
+                'specAge2' => 'specage2',
+                'killTurn' => 'killturn',
+                'mySet' => 'myset',
+                'specialDomestic' => 'special',
+                'specialWar' => 'special2',
+                'personality' => 'personal',
+                'itemHorse' => 'horse',
+                'itemWeapon' => 'weapon',
+                'itemBook' => 'book',
+                'itemExtra' => 'item',
+            ],
+            ['last_turn', 'aux', 'penalty'],
+            );
+            foreach ([
+                'specialDomestic',
+                'specialWar',
+                'personality',
+                'itemHorse',
+                'itemWeapon',
+                'itemBook',
+                'itemExtra',
+            ] as $key) {
+                $result[$key] = comparisonOptionalCode($result[$key] ?? null);
+            }
+            $result['maxBelong'] = (int)($result['meta']['max_belong'] ?? 0);
+            $ownerId = (int)($row['owner'] ?? 0);
+            $activeActionPoints = 0;
+            if ($ownerId > 0) {
+                $inheritanceStorage = KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), "inheritance_{$ownerId}");
+                $inheritanceStorage->resetCache();
+                $stored = $inheritanceStorage->getValue('active_action');
+                if (is_array($stored) && (is_int($stored[0] ?? null) || is_float($stored[0] ?? null))) {
+                    $activeActionPoints = $stored[0];
+                }
+            }
+            $result['hasOwner'] = $ownerId > 0;
+            $result['inheritActiveActionPoints'] = $activeActionPoints;
+            return $result;
+        },
+        comparisonRowsById('general', 'no', $generalIds),
+    );
+    $rankTypes = array_map(
+        static fn(RankColumn $column): string => $column->value,
+        RankColumn::cases(),
+    );
+    $rankData = $generalIds === []
+        ? []
+        : iterator_to_array($db->query(
+            'SELECT general_id AS generalId, nation_id AS nationId, `type`, `value`'
+            . ' FROM rank_data WHERE general_id IN %li AND `type` IN %ls'
+            . ' ORDER BY general_id, `type`',
+            $generalIds,
+            $rankTypes,
+        ));
+
+    $cities = array_map(
+        static fn(array $row): array => comparisonPickRow(
+            $row,
+            [
+                'id' => 'city',
+                'name' => 'name',
+                'nationId' => 'nation',
+                'level' => 'level',
+                'population' => 'pop',
+                'populationMax' => 'pop_max',
+                'agriculture' => 'agri',
+                'agricultureMax' => 'agri_max',
+                'commerce' => 'comm',
+                'commerceMax' => 'comm_max',
+                'security' => 'secu',
+                'securityMax' => 'secu_max',
+                'supplyState' => 'supply',
+                'frontState' => 'front',
+                'defence' => 'def',
+                'defenceMax' => 'def_max',
+                'wall' => 'wall',
+                'wallMax' => 'wall_max',
+                'state' => 'state',
+                'term' => 'term',
+                'trust' => 'trust',
+                'trade' => 'trade',
+                'conflict' => 'conflict',
+                'officerSet' => 'officer_set',
+            ],
+            ['conflict'],
+        ),
+        comparisonRowsById('city', 'city', $cityIds),
+    );
+
+    $nations = array_map(
+        static function (array $row) use ($db): array {
+            $projected = comparisonPickRow(
+                $row,
+                [
+                    'id' => 'nation',
+                    'name' => 'name',
+                    'color' => 'color',
+                    'capitalCityId' => 'capital',
+                    'gold' => 'gold',
+                    'rice' => 'rice',
+                    'tech' => 'tech',
+                    'level' => 'level',
+                    'typeCode' => 'type',
+                    'generalCount' => 'gennum',
+                    'power' => 'power',
+                    'war' => 'war',
+                    'diplomacyLimit' => 'surlimit',
+                    'capitalRevision' => 'capset',
+                    'strategicCommandLimit' => 'strategic_cmd_limit',
+                    'meta' => 'aux',
+                ],
+                ['aux'],
+            );
+            $nationStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, (int)$row['nation'], 'nation_env');
+            $receivedAssist = $nationStor->getValue('recv_assist');
+            if (is_array($receivedAssist) && $receivedAssist !== []) {
+                $projected['meta']['recv_assist'] = $receivedAssist;
+            }
+            $respondedAssist = $nationStor->getValue('resp_assist');
+            if (is_array($respondedAssist) && $respondedAssist !== []) {
+                $projected['meta']['resp_assist'] = $respondedAssist;
+            }
+            return $projected;
+        },
+        comparisonRowsById('nation', 'nation', $nationIds),
+    );
+
+    $diplomacyPairs = [];
+    foreach ($nationIds as $fromNationId) {
+        foreach ($nationIds as $toNationId) {
+            if ($fromNationId === $toNationId) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            $diplomacyPairs["{$fromNationId}:{$toNationId}"] = [
+                'fromNationId' => $fromNationId,
+                'toNationId' => $toNationId,
+            ];
+        }
+    }
+    foreach ($diplomacyPairSelectors as $pair) {
+        $diplomacyPairs["{$pair['fromNationId']}:{$pair['toNationId']}"] = $pair;
+    }
+    ksort($diplomacyPairs, SORT_STRING);
+
+    $diplomacy = [];
+    foreach ($diplomacyPairs as $pair) {
+        $row = $db->queryFirstRow(
+            'SELECT me, you, state, term, dead FROM diplomacy WHERE me = %i AND you = %i',
+            $pair['fromNationId'],
+            $pair['toNationId'],
+        );
+        if ($row !== null) {
+            $diplomacy[] = comparisonPickRow($row, [
+                'fromNationId' => 'me',
+                'toNationId' => 'you',
+                'state' => 'state',
+                'term' => 'term',
+                'dead' => 'dead',
+            ]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    $generalTurns = [];
+    foreach ($generalIds as $generalId) {
+        foreach ($db->query(
+            'SELECT general_id, turn_idx, action, arg FROM general_turn WHERE general_id = %i ORDER BY turn_idx',
+            $generalId,
+        ) as $row) {
+            $generalTurns[] = comparisonPickRow(
+                $row,
+                ['generalId' => 'general_id', 'turnIndex' => 'turn_idx', 'action' => 'action', 'args' => 'arg'],
+                ['arg'],
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    $nationTurns = [];
+    foreach ($nationIds as $nationId) {
+        foreach ($db->query(
+            'SELECT nation_id, officer_level, turn_idx, action, arg FROM nation_turn WHERE nation_id = %i ORDER BY officer_level, turn_idx',
+            $nationId,
+        ) as $row) {
+            $nationTurns[] = comparisonPickRow(
+                $row,
+                [
+                    'nationId' => 'nation_id',
+                    'officerLevel' => 'officer_level',
+                    'turnIndex' => 'turn_idx',
+                    'action' => 'action',
+                    'args' => 'arg',
+                ],
+                ['arg'],
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    $logs = [];
+    if ($generalIds !== []) {
+        foreach ($db->query(
+            'SELECT id, general_id, log_type, year, month, text FROM general_record WHERE id > %i ORDER BY id',
+            $logAfterId,
+        ) as $row) {
+            if ((int)$row['general_id'] !== 0 && !in_array((int)$row['general_id'], $generalIds, true)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            $generalId = (int)$row['general_id'];
+            $category = (string)$row['log_type'];
+            if ($category === 'battle') {
+                $category = 'battle_detail';
+            } elseif ($generalId === 0) {
+                $category = 'summary';
+            }
+            $logs[] = comparisonPickRow($row, [
+                'id' => 'id',
+                'generalId' => 'general_id',
+                'year' => 'year',
+                'month' => 'month',
+                'text' => 'text',
+            ]) + [
+                'scope' => $generalId === 0 ? 'system' : 'general',
+                'category' => $category,
+                'nationId' => null,
+            ];
+        }
+    }
+    if ($includeNationHistoryLogs && $nationIds !== []) {
+        foreach ($db->query(
+            'SELECT id, nation_id, year, month, text FROM world_history WHERE nation_id IN %li ORDER BY id',
+            $nationIds,
+        ) as $row) {
+            $logs[] = comparisonPickRow($row, [
+                'id' => 'id',
+                'nationId' => 'nation_id',
+                'year' => 'year',
+                'month' => 'month',
+                'text' => 'text',
+            ]) + [
+                'scope' => 'nation',
+                'category' => 'history',
+                'generalId' => null,
+            ];
+        }
+    }
+    if ($includeGlobalHistoryLogs) {
+        foreach ($db->query(
+            'SELECT id, nation_id, year, month, text FROM world_history WHERE nation_id = 0 ORDER BY id',
+        ) as $row) {
+            $logs[] = comparisonPickRow($row, [
+                'id' => 'id',
+                'nationId' => 'nation_id',
+                'year' => 'year',
+                'month' => 'month',
+                'text' => 'text',
+            ]) + [
+                'scope' => 'system',
+                'category' => 'history',
+                'generalId' => null,
+            ];
+        }
+    }
+
+    $messages = array_map(
+        static fn(array $row): array => comparisonPickRow(
+            $row,
+            [
+                'id' => 'id',
+                'mailbox' => 'mailbox',
+                'type' => 'type',
+                'sourceId' => 'src',
+                'destinationId' => 'dest',
+                'createdAt' => 'time',
+                'payload' => 'message',
+            ],
+            ['message'],
+        ),
+        $db->query(
+            'SELECT id, mailbox, type, src, dest, time, message FROM message WHERE id > %i ORDER BY id',
+            $messageAfterId,
+        ),
+    );
+
+    return [
+        'schemaVersion' => 1,
+        'engine' => 'ref',
+        'world' => [
+            'year' => (int)$worldValues['year'],
+            'month' => (int)$worldValues['month'],
+            'tickMinutes' => (int)$worldValues['turnterm'],
+            'turnTime' => (string)$worldValues['turntime'],
+            'isUnited' => (int)$worldValues['isunited'],
+            'scenarioId' => (int)$worldValues['scenario'],
+            'initYear' => (int)$worldValues['init_year'],
+            'initMonth' => (int)$worldValues['init_month'],
+            'develCost' => (int)$worldValues['develcost'],
+            'killTurn' => (int)$worldValues['killturn'],
+            'generalCooldowns' => $generalCooldowns,
+            'nationCooldowns' => $nationCooldowns,
+        ],
+        'generals' => $generals,
+        'rankData' => $rankData,
+        'cities' => $cities,
+        'nations' => $nations,
+        'diplomacy' => $diplomacy,
+        'generalTurns' => $generalTurns,
+        'nationTurns' => $nationTurns,
+        'logs' => $logs,
+        'messages' => $messages,
+        'watermarks' => [
+            'logId' => (int)($db->queryFirstField('SELECT COALESCE(MAX(id), 0) FROM general_record') ?? 0),
+            'historyLogId' => (int)($db->queryFirstField('SELECT COALESCE(MAX(id), 0) FROM world_history') ?? 0),
+            'messageId' => (int)($db->queryFirstField('SELECT COALESCE(MAX(id), 0) FROM message') ?? 0),
+        ],
+    ];
+}
+
+function comparisonTurnStateSnapshotMain(): void
+{
+    try {
+        $input = stream_get_contents(STDIN);
+        $request = json_decode($input === '' ? '{}' : $input, true, flags: JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
+        if (!is_array($request)) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('request must be an object');
+        }
+        echo json_encode(
+            comparisonTurnStateSnapshot($request),
+            JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR | JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES | JSON_PRESERVE_ZERO_FRACTION,
+        ), PHP_EOL;
+    } catch (\Throwable $throwable) {
+        fwrite(STDERR, $throwable::class . ': ' . $throwable->getMessage() . PHP_EOL);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+}
+
+if (realpath((string)($_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME'] ?? '')) === __FILE__) {
+    comparisonTurnStateSnapshotMain();
+}
@@ -630,11 +630,7 @@ function generalInfo(General $generalObj)
        $injury = "건강";
    }

-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), 'game_env'));
-    $remaining = max(0, intdiv(
-        $generalObj->getTurnTick() - $clock->nowTick(),
-        $clock->ticksFromMinutes(1),
-    ));
+    $remaining = (new \DateTimeImmutable($generalObj->getTurnTime()))->diff(new \DateTimeImmutable())->i;

    if ($nation['color'] == "") {
        $nation['color'] = "#000000";
@@ -925,37 +921,45 @@ function banner()
    );
 }

-function addTurn(int $tick, int $turnterm, int $turn = 1, bool $withFraction = true): int
-{
-    return $tick + GameClock::TICKS_PER_TURN * $turn;
-}
-
-function subTurn(int $tick, int $turnterm, int $turn = 1, bool $withFraction = true): int
-{
-    return $tick - GameClock::TICKS_PER_TURN * $turn;
-}
-
-function cutTurn(int $tick, int $turnterm, bool $withFraction = true): int
-{
-    $remainder = $tick % GameClock::TICKS_PER_TURN;
-    if ($remainder < 0) {
-        $remainder += GameClock::TICKS_PER_TURN;
-    }
-    return $tick - $remainder;
-}
-
-/** 시나리오 초기화 입력인 벽시계를 기존 01:00 기준 월 경계로 정렬합니다. */
-function cutTurnDateTime(string $date, int $turnterm, bool $withFraction = true): string
-{
-    $dateObj = new \DateTime($date);
-    $baseDate = new \DateTime($dateObj->format('Y-m-d'));
-    $baseDate->sub(new \DateInterval('P1D'));
-    $baseDate->add(new \DateInterval('PT1H'));
-    $diffMin = intdiv($dateObj->getTimestamp() - $baseDate->getTimestamp(), 60);
-    $diffMin -= $diffMin % $turnterm;
-    $baseDate->add(new \DateInterval("PT{$diffMin}M"));
-    return $baseDate->format($withFraction ? 'Y-m-d H:i:s.u' : 'Y-m-d H:i:s');
-}
+function addTurn($date, int $turnterm, int $turn = 1, bool $withFraction = true)
+{
+    $date = new \DateTime($date);
+    $target = $turnterm * $turn;
+    $date->add(new \DateInterval("PT{$target}M"));
+    if ($withFraction) {
+        return $date->format('Y-m-d H:i:s.u');
+    }
+    return $date->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
+}
+
+function subTurn($date, int $turnterm, int $turn = 1, bool $withFraction = true)
+{
+    $date = new \DateTime($date);
+    $target = $turnterm * $turn;
+    $date->sub(new \DateInterval("PT{$target}M"));
+    if ($withFraction) {
+        return $date->format('Y-m-d H:i:s.u');
+    }
+    return $date->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
+}
+
+function cutTurn($date, int $turnterm, bool $withFraction = true)
+{
+    $date = new \DateTime($date);
+
+    $baseDate = new \DateTime($date->format('Y-m-d'));
+    $baseDate->sub(new \DateInterval("P1D"));
+    $baseDate->add(new \DateInterval("PT1H"));
+
+    $diffMin = intdiv($date->getTimeStamp() - $baseDate->getTimeStamp(), 60);
+    $diffMin -= $diffMin % $turnterm;
+
+    $baseDate->add(new \DateInterval("PT{$diffMin}M"));
+    if ($withFraction) {
+        return $baseDate->format('Y-m-d H:i:s.u');
+    }
+    return $baseDate->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
+}

 function cutDay($date, int $turnterm, bool $withFraction = true)
 {
@@ -997,9 +1001,11 @@ function increaseRefresh($type = "", $cnt = 1)
    $generalID = $session->generalID;
    $userGrade = $session->userGrade;

-    $db = DB::db();
-    $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
-    $date = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor)->nowTick();
+    $dateObj = new \DateTimeImmutable();
+    $date = TimeUtil::format($dateObj, false);
+
+    $db = DB::db();
+    $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
    $isunited = $gameStor->isunited;
    $opentime = $gameStor->opentime;

@@ -1139,19 +1145,18 @@ function unlock(): bool
    return $db->affectedRows() > 0;
 }

-function timeover(): bool
+function timeover(): bool
 {
    $db = DB::db();
    $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');

-    list($turnterm, $turntime) = $gameStor->getValuesAsArray(['turnterm', 'turntime']);
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-    $diff = $clock->nowTick() - Util::toInt($turntime);
+    list($turnterm, $turntime) = $gameStor->getValuesAsArray(['turnterm', 'turntime']);
+    $diff = (new \DateTime())->getTimestamp() - (new \DateTime($turntime))->getTimestamp();

    $t = min($turnterm, 5);

-    $term = $clock->ticksFromSeconds($t);
-    if ($diff >= $term || $diff < 0) {
+    $term = $diff;
+    if ($term >= $t || $term < 0) {
        return true;
    } else {
        return false;
@@ -1164,8 +1169,9 @@ function checkDelay()
    $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');

    //서버정보
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-    $timeMinDiff = intdiv($clock->nowTick() - Util::toInt($gameStor->turntime), $clock->ticksFromMinutes(1));
+    $now = new \DateTimeImmutable();
+    $turntime = new \DateTimeImmutable($gameStor->turntime);
+    $timeMinDiff = intdiv($now->getTimestamp() - $turntime->getTimestamp(), 60);

    // 1턴이상 갱신 없었으면 서버 지연
    $term = $gameStor->turnterm;
@@ -1179,17 +1185,20 @@ function checkDelay()
    //지연 해야할 밀린 턴 횟수
    $iter = intdiv($timeMinDiff, $term);
    if ($iter > $threshold) {
-        $minute = $iter * $term;
-        $delayTick = $clock->ticksFromMinutes($minute);
-        $gameStor->turntime = Util::toInt($gameStor->turntime) + $delayTick;
-        $gameStor->starttime = Util::toInt($gameStor->starttime) + $delayTick;
-
-        $db->update('general', [
-            'turntime' => $db->sqleval('turntime + %i', $delayTick)
-        ], true);
-        $db->update('ng_auction', [
-            'close_tick' => $db->sqleval('close_tick + %i', $delayTick)
-        ], 'finished = 0');
+        $minute = $iter * $term;
+        $newTurntime = $turntime->add(new \DateInterval("PT{$minute}M"));
+        $newNextTurntime = $turntime->add(new \DateInterval("PT{$term}M"));
+        $gameStor->turntime = $newTurntime->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
+        $gameStor->starttime = (new \DateTimeImmutable($gameStor->starttime))
+            ->add(new \DateInterval("PT{$minute}M"))
+            ->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
+
+        $db->update('general', [
+            'turntime' => $db->sqleval('DATE_ADD(turntime, INTERVAL %i MINUTE)', $minute)
+        ], 'turntime<=DATE_ADD(turntime, INTERVAL %i MINUTE)', $term);
+        $db->update('ng_auction', [
+            'close_date' => $db->sqleval('DATE_ADD(close_date, INTERVAL %i MINUTE)', $minute)
+        ], 'finished = 0');
    }
 }

@@ -1238,15 +1247,17 @@ function updateOnline()
    $gameStor->online_nation = join(', ', $onlineNation);
 }

-function turnDate($curtime)
+function turnDate($curtime)
 {
    $db = DB::db();
    $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
    $admin = $gameStor->getValues(['startyear', 'starttime', 'turnterm', 'year', 'month']);

    $turn = $admin['starttime'];
-    $curturn = cutTurn(Util::toInt($curtime), $admin['turnterm']);
-    $num = intdiv($curturn - Util::toInt($turn), GameClock::TICKS_PER_TURN);
+    $curturn = cutTurn($curtime, $admin['turnterm']);
+    $term = $admin['turnterm'];
+
+    $num = intdiv((strtotime($curturn) - strtotime($turn)), $term * 60);

    $date = $admin['startyear'] * 12;
    $date += $num;
@@ -1694,21 +1705,12 @@ function tryUniqueItemLottery(RandUtil $rng, General $general, string $acquireTy
    return giveRandomUniqueItem($rng, $general, $acquireType);
 }

-function getAdmin()
-{
-    $db = DB::db();
-    $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
-    $admin = $gameStor->getAll();
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-    foreach (['turntime', 'starttime', 'opentime', 'tnmt_time'] as $key) {
-        if (($admin[$key] ?? null) !== null) {
-            $admin["{$key}_display"] = $clock->formatTick(Util::toInt($admin[$key]), true);
-        }
-    }
-    $admin['clock_now_tick'] = $clock->nowTick();
-    $admin['clock_now_display'] = $clock->formatTick($admin['clock_now_tick'], true);
-    return $admin;
-}
+function getAdmin()
+{
+    $db = DB::db();
+    $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
+    return $gameStor->getAll();
+}

 /** @return General[] */
 function deleteNation(General $lord, bool $applyDB): array
@@ -2197,29 +2199,35 @@ function SabotageInjury(RandUtil $rng, array $cityGeneralList, string $reason):
    return $injuryCount;
 }

-function getRandTurn(RandUtil $rng, int $term, ?int $baseTick = null): int
-{
-    $db = DB::db();
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env'));
-    $baseTick ??= $clock->nowTick();
-
-    $randSecond = $rng->nextRangeInt(0, 60 * $term - 1);
-    $randMicrosecond = $rng->nextRangeInt(0, 999999); // 레거시 RNG 소비 6자리 유지
-
-    return $baseTick
-        + $clock->ticksFromSeconds($randSecond)
-        + intdiv($randMicrosecond * $clock->ticksPerSecond(), 1_000_000);
-}
-
-function getRandTurn2(RandUtil $rng, int $term, ?int $baseTick = null): int
-{
-    $db = DB::db();
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env'));
-    $baseTick ??= $clock->nowTick();
-    $randSecond = $rng->nextRangeInt(0, 60 * $term - 1);
-    $randMicrosecond = $rng->nextRangeInt(0, 999999); // 레거시 RNG 소비 6자리 유지
-
-    return $baseTick
-        - $clock->ticksFromSeconds($randSecond)
-        - intdiv($randMicrosecond * $clock->ticksPerSecond(), 1_000_000);
-}
+function getRandTurn(RandUtil $rng, $term, ?\DateTimeInterface $baseDateTime = null)
+{
+    if ($baseDateTime === null) {
+        $baseDateTime = new \DateTimeImmutable();
+    } else if ($baseDateTime instanceof \DateTime) {
+        $baseDateTime = \DateTimeImmutable::createFromMutable($baseDateTime);
+    } else if ($baseDateTime instanceof \DateTimeImmutable) {
+        //do Nothing
+    } else {
+        throw new MustNotBeReachedException();
+    }
+
+    $randSecond = $rng->nextRangeInt(0, 60 * $term - 1);
+    $randFraction = $rng->nextRangeInt(0, 999999) / 1000000; //6자리 소수
+
+    return TimeUtil::format($baseDateTime->add(TimeUtil::secondsToDateInterval($randSecond + $randFraction)), true);
+}
+
+function getRandTurn2(RandUtil $rng, $term, ?\DateTimeInterface $baseDateTime = null)
+{
+    if ($baseDateTime === null) {
+        $baseDateTime = new \DateTimeImmutable();
+    } else if ($baseDateTime instanceof \DateTime) {
+        $baseDateTime = \DateTimeImmutable::createFromMutable($baseDateTime);
+    } else {
+        throw new MustNotBeReachedException();
+    }
+    $randSecond = $rng->nextRangeInt(0, 60 * $term - 1);
+    $randFraction = $rng->nextRangeInt(0, 999999) / 1000000; //6자리 소수
+
+    return $baseDateTime->sub(TimeUtil::secondsToDateInterval($randSecond + $randFraction))->format('Y-m-d H:i:s.u');
+}
@@ -62,12 +62,11 @@ function processAuction()
 {
    $db = DB::db();

-    $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
-    $nowTick = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor)->nowTick();
+    $now = TimeUtil::now();

    $auctionList = $db->queryAllLists(
-        'SELECT id, `type` FROM ng_auction WHERE `close_tick` <= %i AND finished = 0',
-        $nowTick
+        'SELECT id, `type` FROM ng_auction WHERE `close_date` <= %s AND finished = 0',
+        $now
    );

    if (!$auctionList) {
@@ -42,21 +42,15 @@ function pushGeneralCommand(int $generalID, int $turnCnt=1){

    $db = DB::db();

-    $db->query(
-        'UPDATE general_turn AS dst
-        LEFT JOIN general_turn AS src
-          ON src.general_id = dst.general_id
-         AND src.turn_idx = dst.turn_idx - %i
-        SET dst.action = IF(src.id IS NULL, %s, src.action),
-            dst.arg = IF(src.id IS NULL, %s, src.arg),
-            dst.brief = IF(src.id IS NULL, %s, src.brief)
-        WHERE dst.general_id = %i',
-        $turnCnt,
-        '휴식',
-        '{}',
-        '휴식',
-        $generalID
-    );
+    $db->update('general_turn', [
+        'turn_idx'=>$db->sqleval('turn_idx + %i', $turnCnt)
+    ], 'general_id=%i ORDER BY turn_idx DESC', $generalID);
+    $db->update('general_turn', [
+        'turn_idx'=>$db->sqleval('turn_idx - %i', GameConst::$maxTurn),
+        'action'=>'휴식',
+        'arg'=>'{}',
+        'brief'=>'휴식'
+    ], 'general_id=%i AND turn_idx >= %i', $generalID, GameConst::$maxTurn);
 }

 function pullGeneralCommand(int $generalID, int $turnCnt=1){
@@ -73,21 +67,15 @@ function pullGeneralCommand(int $generalID, int $turnCnt=1){

    $db = DB::db();

-    $db->query(
-        'UPDATE general_turn AS dst
-        LEFT JOIN general_turn AS src
-          ON src.general_id = dst.general_id
-         AND src.turn_idx = dst.turn_idx + %i
-        SET dst.action = IF(src.id IS NULL, %s, src.action),
-            dst.arg = IF(src.id IS NULL, %s, src.arg),
-            dst.brief = IF(src.id IS NULL, %s, src.brief)
-        WHERE dst.general_id = %i',
-        $turnCnt,
-        '휴식',
-        '{}',
-        '휴식',
-        $generalID
-    );
+    $db->update('general_turn', [
+        'turn_idx'=>$db->sqleval('turn_idx + %i', GameConst::$maxTurn),
+        'action'=>'휴식',
+        'arg'=>'{}',
+        'brief'=>'휴식'
+    ], 'general_id=%i AND turn_idx < %i', $generalID, $turnCnt);
+    $db->update('general_turn', [
+        'turn_idx'=>$db->sqleval('turn_idx - %i', $turnCnt)
+    ], 'general_id=%i ORDER BY turn_idx ASC', $generalID);
 }

 function repeatGeneralCommand(int $generalId, int $turnCnt){
@@ -138,23 +126,15 @@ function pushNationCommand(int $nationID, int $officerLevel, int $turnCnt=1){

    $db = DB::db();

-    $db->query(
-        'UPDATE nation_turn AS dst
-        LEFT JOIN nation_turn AS src
-          ON src.nation_id = dst.nation_id
-         AND src.officer_level = dst.officer_level
-         AND src.turn_idx = dst.turn_idx - %i
-        SET dst.action = IF(src.id IS NULL, %s, src.action),
-            dst.arg = IF(src.id IS NULL, %s, src.arg),
-            dst.brief = IF(src.id IS NULL, %s, src.brief)
-        WHERE dst.nation_id = %i AND dst.officer_level = %i',
-        $turnCnt,
-        '휴식',
-        '{}',
-        '휴식',
-        $nationID,
-        $officerLevel
-    );
+    $db->update('nation_turn', [
+        'turn_idx'=>$db->sqleval('turn_idx + %i', $turnCnt)
+    ], 'nation_id=%i AND officer_level=%i ORDER BY turn_idx DESC', $nationID, $officerLevel);
+    $db->update('nation_turn', [
+        'turn_idx'=>$db->sqleval('turn_idx - %i', GameConst::$maxChiefTurn),
+        'action'=>'휴식',
+        'arg'=>'{}',
+        'brief'=>'휴식'
+    ], 'nation_id=%i AND officer_level=%i AND turn_idx >= %i ORDER BY turn_idx ASC', $nationID, $officerLevel, GameConst::$maxChiefTurn);
 }

 function pullNationCommand(int $nationID, int $officerLevel, int $turnCnt=1){
@@ -177,23 +157,15 @@ function pullNationCommand(int $nationID, int $officerLevel, int $turnCnt=1){

    $db = DB::db();

-    $db->query(
-        'UPDATE nation_turn AS dst
-        LEFT JOIN nation_turn AS src
-          ON src.nation_id = dst.nation_id
-         AND src.officer_level = dst.officer_level
-         AND src.turn_idx = dst.turn_idx + %i
-        SET dst.action = IF(src.id IS NULL, %s, src.action),
-            dst.arg = IF(src.id IS NULL, %s, src.arg),
-            dst.brief = IF(src.id IS NULL, %s, src.brief)
-        WHERE dst.nation_id = %i AND dst.officer_level = %i',
-        $turnCnt,
-        '휴식',
-        '{}',
-        '휴식',
-        $nationID,
-        $officerLevel
-    );
+    $db->update('nation_turn', [
+        'turn_idx'=>$db->sqleval('turn_idx + %i', GameConst::$maxChiefTurn),
+        'action'=>'휴식',
+        'arg'=>'{}',
+        'brief'=>'휴식',
+    ], 'nation_id=%i AND officer_level=%i AND turn_idx < %i', $nationID, $officerLevel, $turnCnt);
+    $db->update('nation_turn', [
+        'turn_idx'=>$db->sqleval('turn_idx - %i', $turnCnt)
+    ], 'nation_id=%i AND officer_level=%i ORDER BY turn_idx ASC', $nationID, $officerLevel);
 }

 function repeatNationCommand(int $nationID, int $officerLevel, int $turnCnt){
@@ -522,4 +494,4 @@ function setNationCommand(int $generalID, array $turnList, string $command, ?arr
        'arg_test'=>true,
        'reason'=>'success'
    ];
-}
+}
@@ -651,24 +651,16 @@ function checkStatistic()
 }


-function convForOldGeneral(array $general, int $year, int $month)
-{
-    $general['history'] = getGeneralHistoryLogAll($general['no']);
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), 'game_env'));
-    $turnTimeDisplay = $clock->formatTick(Util::toInt($general['turntime']), true);
-    $general['turntime_tick'] = Util::toInt($general['turntime']);
-    $general['turntime'] = $turnTimeDisplay;
-    if ($general['recent_war'] !== null) {
-        $general['recent_war_tick'] = Util::toInt($general['recent_war']);
-        $general['recent_war'] = $clock->formatTick(Util::toInt($general['recent_war']), true);
-    }
-    return [
+function convForOldGeneral(array $general, int $year, int $month)
+{
+    $general['history'] = getGeneralHistoryLogAll($general['no']);
+    return [
        'server_id' => UniqueConst::$serverID,
        'general_no' => $general['no'],
        'owner' => $general['owner'],
        'name' => $general['name'],
        'last_yearmonth' => $year * 100 + $month,
-        'turntime' => $turnTimeDisplay,
+        'turntime' => $general['turntime'],
        'data' => Json::encode($general)
    ];
 }
@@ -742,7 +734,7 @@ function checkEmperior()

    /** @var int[] */
    $auctionList = $db->queryFirstColumn(
-        'SELECT `id` FROM `ng_auction` WHERE `type` = %s AND `finished` = 0 ORDER BY `close_tick` ASC',
+        'SELECT `id` FROM `ng_auction` WHERE `type` = %s AND `finished` = 0 ORDER BY `close_date` ASC',
        AuctionType::UniqueItem->value
    );
    foreach($auctionList as $auctionID){
@@ -4,10 +4,6 @@ namespace sammo;

 function printLimitMsg($turntime)
 {
-    if (is_int($turntime) || (is_string($turntime) && ctype_digit(ltrim($turntime, '-')))) {
-        $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), 'game_env');
-        $turntime = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor)->formatTick(Util::toInt($turntime), true);
-    }
    //FIXME: template로 이동.
 ?>
    <!DOCTYPE html>
@@ -61,12 +61,8 @@ function chiefTurnTable()
 ";
 }

-function templateLimitMsg(string $turntime): string
-{
-    if (ctype_digit(ltrim($turntime, '-'))) {
-        $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), 'game_env');
-        $turntime = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor)->formatTick(Util::toInt($turntime), true);
-    }
+function templateLimitMsg(string $turntime): string
+{
    return "이미 너무 많은 접속을 하셨습니다. 다음 턴에 다시 시도해주세요. (턴시간: {$turntime})";
 }

@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ function processTournament()
 {
    $db = DB::db();
    $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);

    $admin = $gameStor->getValues(['tournament', 'phase', 'tnmt_type', 'tnmt_auto', 'tnmt_time', 'turnterm', 'last_tournament_betting_id']);
-    $offset = intdiv($clock->nowTick() - Util::toInt($admin['tnmt_time']), $clock->ticksPerSecond());
+    $now = new \DateTime();
+    $offset = $now->getTimestamp() - (new \DateTime($admin['tnmt_time']))->getTimestamp();

    //수동일땐 무시
    if (!$admin['tnmt_auto']) {
@@ -122,10 +122,10 @@ function processTournament()
        if ($tnmt == 6) {
            $betTerm = Util::valueFit($unit * 60, null, 3600);
            //처리 초 더한 날짜
+            $dt = date("Y-m-d H:i:s", strtotime($admin['tnmt_time']) + $unit * $i + $betTerm);
            $gameStor->tournament = $tnmt;
            $gameStor->phase = $phase;
-            $gameStor->tnmt_time = Util::toInt($admin['tnmt_time'])
-                + $clock->ticksFromSeconds($unit * $i + $betTerm);
+            $gameStor->tnmt_time = $dt;
            return;
        }
    }
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ function processTournament()
    $second = $unit * $iter;
    $gameStor->tournament = $tnmt;
    $gameStor->phase = $phase;
-    $gameStor->tnmt_time = Util::toInt($admin['tnmt_time']) + $clock->ticksFromSeconds($second);
+    $gameStor->tnmt_time = (new \DateTimeImmutable($admin['tnmt_time']))->add(new \DateInterval("PT{$second}S"))->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
 }

 function getTournamentTermText(int $turnTerm)
@@ -160,8 +160,7 @@ function getTournamentTime()
    $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');

    list($tnmt, $tnmt_time) = $gameStor->getValuesAsArray(['tournament', 'tnmt_time']);
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-    $dt = substr($clock->formatTick(Util::toInt($tnmt_time)), 11, 5);
+    $dt = substr($tnmt_time, 11, 5);
    switch ($tnmt) {
        case 1:
            $tnmt = "개막시간 {$dt}";
@@ -285,11 +284,9 @@ function startTournament($type)
    $admin = $gameStor->getValues(['year', 'month', 'turnterm']);
    $turnTerm = $admin['turnterm'];
    $unit = calcTournamentTerm($turnTerm);
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);

    $gameStor->tnmt_auto = true;
-    // 기존 startTournament은 unit을 분으로 더하므로 그 계약을 유지합니다.
-    $gameStor->tnmt_time = $clock->nowTick() + $clock->ticksFromMinutes($unit);
+    $gameStor->tnmt_time = (new \DateTimeImmutable())->add(new \DateInterval("PT{$unit}M"))->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
    $gameStor->tournament = 1;
    $gameStor->tnmt_type = $type;
    $gameStor->last_tournament_betting_id = 0;
@@ -1174,7 +1171,7 @@ function fight($tnmt_type, $tnmt, $phs, $group, $g1, $g2, $type)
        }
        $damage1 *= $factor1;
        $damage2 *= $factor2;
-
+        
        //1합 승부
        if ($phase == 1) {

@@ -16,10 +16,12 @@ $session = Session::requireLogin([])->setReadOnly();
 $userID = Session::getUserID();


+$oNow = new \DateTimeImmutable();
+
+$now = $oNow->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
+
 $db = DB::db();
 $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
-$clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-$now = $clock->nowTick();

 $oldGeneral = $db->queryFirstField('SELECT `no` FROM general WHERE `owner`=%i', $userID);
 if($oldGeneral !== null){
@@ -42,14 +44,15 @@ if($npcmode!=1){
    ]);
 }

-$token = $db->queryFirstRow('SELECT * FROM select_npc_token WHERE `owner`=%i AND `valid_until`>=%i', $userID, $now);
+$token = $db->queryFirstRow('SELECT * FROM select_npc_token WHERE `owner`=%i AND `valid_until`>=%s', $userID, $now);
 $pickResult = [];


 if($token && $refresh){
-    $pickMoreFrom = Util::toInt($token['pick_more_from']);
+    $pickMoreFrom = (new \DateTime($token['pick_more_from']))->getTimestamp();
+    $nowT = $oNow->getTimestamp();

-    if($now >= $pickMoreFrom){
+    if($nowT >= $pickMoreFrom){
        $oldPickResult = Json::decode($token['pick_result']);

        foreach($keepResult as $keepId){
@@ -72,14 +75,15 @@ if($token && $refresh){
 }

 if($token && !$refresh){
-    $pickMoreFrom = Util::toInt($token['pick_more_from']);
+    $pickMoreFrom = (new \DateTime($token['pick_more_from']))->getTimestamp();
+    $nowT = $oNow->getTimestamp();

    Json::die([
        'result'=>true,
        'pick'=>Json::decode($token['pick_result']),
-        'pickMoreFrom'=>$clock->formatTick($pickMoreFrom),
-        'pickMoreSeconds'=>intdiv($pickMoreFrom - $now, $clock->ticksPerSecond()),
-        'validUntil'=>$clock->formatTick(Util::toInt($token['valid_until']))
+        'pickMoreFrom'=>$token['pick_more_from'],
+        'pickMoreSeconds'=>$pickMoreFrom-$nowT,
+        'validUntil'=>$token['valid_until']
    ]);
 }

@@ -96,7 +100,7 @@ foreach($db->query('SELECT `no`, `name`, leadership, strength, intel, nation, im
    $weight[$general['no']] = pow($allStat, 1.5);
 }

-foreach($db->queryFirstColumn('SELECT pick_result FROM select_npc_token WHERE `owner`!=%i AND valid_until >=%i', $userID, $now) as $reserved){
+foreach($db->queryFirstColumn('SELECT pick_result FROM select_npc_token WHERE `owner`!=%i AND valid_until >=%s', $userID, $now) as $reserved){
    $reserved = Json::decode($reserved);
    foreach(array_keys($reserved) as $reservedNPC){
        if(key_exists($reservedNPC, $weight)){
@@ -127,8 +131,8 @@ $newNonce = random_int(0, 0xfffffff);
 $validSecond = max(VALID_SECOND, $turnterm*40);
 $pickMoreSecond = max(PICK_MORE_SECOND, Util::round(pow($turnterm, 0.672)*8));

-$validUntil = $now + $clock->ticksFromSeconds($validSecond);
-$pickMoreFrom = $now + $clock->ticksFromSeconds($pickMoreSecond);
+$validUntil = $oNow->add(new \DateInterval(sprintf('PT%dS', $validSecond)));
+$pickMoreFrom = $oNow->add(new \DateInterval(sprintf('PT%dS', $pickMoreSecond)));

 $db->delete('select_npc_token', 'valid_until < %s', $now);

@@ -136,8 +140,8 @@ $inserted = 0;

 if($token){
    $db->update('select_npc_token', [
-        'valid_until'=>$validUntil,
-        'pick_more_from'=>$pickMoreFrom,
+        'valid_until'=>$validUntil->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
+        'pick_more_from'=>$pickMoreFrom->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
        'pick_result'=>Json::encode($pickResult),
        'nonce'=>$newNonce
    ], 'owner = %i AND nonce = %i', $userID, $token['nonce']);
@@ -148,8 +152,8 @@ if($token){
 else{
    $db->insertIgnore('select_npc_token', [
        'owner'=>$userID,
-        'valid_until'=>$validUntil,
-        'pick_more_from'=>$now,
+        'valid_until'=>$validUntil->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
+        'pick_more_from'=>'2000-01-01 01:00:00',
        'pick_result'=>Json::encode($pickResult),
        'nonce'=>$newNonce
    ]);
@@ -169,7 +173,7 @@ if($inserted === 0){
 Json::die([
    'result'=>true,
    'pick'=>$pickResult,
-    'pickMoreFrom'=>$clock->formatTick(($inserted===-1)?$pickMoreFrom:$now),
+    'pickMoreFrom'=>($inserted===-1)?$pickMoreFrom->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'):'2000-01-01 01:00:00',
    'pickMoreSeconds'=>($inserted===-1)?$pickMoreSecond:0,
-    'validUntil'=>$clock->formatTick($validUntil)
-]);
+    'validUntil'=>$validUntil->format('Y-m-d H:i:s')
+]);
@@ -43,10 +43,12 @@ function putInfoText(&$info, ?array $currentTargetEnv){
 $session = Session::requireLogin([])->setReadOnly();
 $userID = Session::getUserID();

-$db = DB::db();
-$gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
-$clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-$now = $clock->nowTick();
+$oNow = new \DateTimeImmutable();
+
+$now = $oNow->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
+
+$db = DB::db();
+$gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');

 $eventEnv = $gameStor->getValues(['npcmode', 'startyear', 'year', 'month']);
 $npcmode = $eventEnv['npcmode'];
@@ -86,7 +88,7 @@ if($tokens){
    Json::die([
        'result'=>true,
        'pick'=>$pick,
-        'validUntil'=>$clock->formatTick(Util::toInt($valid_until))
+        'validUntil'=>$valid_until
    ]);
 }

@@ -106,5 +108,5 @@ sortTokens($pick);//좀 무식하지만..
 Json::die([
    'result'=>true,
    'pick'=>$pick,
-    'validUntil'=>$valid_until === null ? null : $clock->formatTick(Util::toInt($valid_until))
+    'validUntil'=>$valid_until
 ]);
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ try{
        $show_img_level,
        !!$tournament_trig,
        $join_mode,
-        TimeUtil::format(GameClock::readWallTime(), false),
+        TimeUtil::now(),
        $autorun_user
    ));
 }
@@ -220,4 +220,4 @@ catch(\Exception $e){
        'result'=>false,
        'reason'=>$e->getMessage()
    ]);
-}
+}
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ $db = DB::db();
 $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
 $rootDB = RootDB::db();

-$clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-$now = $clock->nowTick();
+$oNow = new \DateTimeImmutable();
+$now = $oNow->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');

 $member = $rootDB->queryFirstRow('SELECT `name`, `penalty` FROM member WHERE `NO`=%i', $userID);
 if(!$member){
@@ -139,4 +139,4 @@ $rootDB->insert('member_log', [
 Json::die([
    'result'=>true,
    'reason'=>'success'
-]);
+]);
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ $db = DB::db();
 $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');

 $rootDB = RootDB::db();
-$clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-$now = $clock->nowTick();
+$oNow = new \DateTimeImmutable();
+$now = $oNow->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');

 $hasGeneralID = $db->queryFirstField('SELECT no FROM general WHERE owner = %i', $userID);
 if($hasGeneralID){
@@ -176,11 +176,7 @@ $builder->setOwner($userID);
 $builder->setOwnerName($userNick);
 $builder->setKillturn(5);
 $builder->setNPCType(0);
-$builder->setAuxVar('next_change', $now + GameClock::TICKS_PER_TURN * 12);
-$builder->setAuxVar(
-    'prestart_delete_after',
-    addTurn($now, $env['turnterm'], GameConst::$minTurnDieOnPrestart)
-);
+$builder->setAuxVar('next_change', TimeUtil::nowAddMinutes(12 * $env['turnterm']));
 $builder->fillRemainSpecAsZero($env);
 if ($isCentennialAllStar) {
    $candidateCities = $db->queryFirstColumn(
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ if(!class_exists('\\sammo\\DB')){

 $db = DB::db();
 $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
-$clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);

 if(file_exists(__DIR__.'/.htaccess')){
    $reserved = $db->queryFirstRow(
@@ -76,8 +75,8 @@ $admin['maxUserCnt'] = $admin['maxgeneral'];
 $admin['npcMode'] = $admin['npcmode'];
 $admin['turnTerm'] = $admin['turnterm'];
 $admin['isUnited'] = $admin['isunited'];
-$admin['starttime'] = substr($clock->formatTick(Util::toInt($admin['opentime'])), 5, 11);
-$admin['turntime'] = substr($clock->formatTick(Util::toInt($admin['turntime'])), 5, 11);
+$admin['starttime'] = substr($admin['opentime'], 5, 11);
+$admin['turntime'] = substr($admin['turntime'], 5, 11);
 unset($admin['npcmode']);
 unset($admin['maxgeneral']);
 unset($admin['turnterm']);
@@ -132,4 +131,4 @@ if($general){
 Json::die([
    'game'=>$admin,
    'me'=>$me?:null
-]);
+]);
@@ -77,8 +77,7 @@ $month = $query['month'];
 $repeatCnt = $query['repeatCnt'];

 $rawAttacker = $query['attackerGeneral'];
-$battleClock = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), 'game_env'));
-$rawAttacker['turntime'] = $battleClock->formatTick($battleClock->nowTick());
+$rawAttacker['turntime'] = TimeUtil::now();
 $rawAttackerCity = $query['attackerCity'];
 $rawAttackerNation = $query['attackerNation'];

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ $db = DB::db();
 $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');

 $rootDB = RootDB::db();
-$clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-$now = $clock->nowTick();
+$oNow = new \DateTimeImmutable();
+$now = $oNow->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');

 $generalID = $db->queryFirstField('SELECT no FROM general WHERE owner = %i', $userID);
 if(!$generalID){
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ if ($isCentennialAllStar) {
 if(key_exists('generalName', $info)){
    $generalObj->updateVar('name', $info['generalName']);
 }
-$generalObj->setAuxVar('next_change', $now + GameClock::TICKS_PER_TURN * 12);
+$generalObj->setAuxVar('next_change', TimeUtil::nowAddMinutes(12 * $turnterm));

 $userNick = $ownerInfo['name'];
 $generalObj->setVar('owner_name', $userNick);
@@ -11,11 +11,9 @@ $db = DB::db();
 $updated = false;
 $locked = false;
 $lastExecuted = TurnExecutionHelper::executeAllCommand($updated, $locked);
-$clock = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env'));
 Json::die([
    'result' => true,
    'updated' => $updated,
    'locked' => $locked,
-    'lastExecutedTick' => $lastExecuted,
-    'lastExecuted' => $clock->formatTick($lastExecuted, true),
-]);
+    'lastExecuted' => $lastExecuted,
+]);
@@ -230,6 +230,7 @@ function processWar_NG(
    WarUnitGeneral $attacker,
    callable $getNextDefender,
    WarUnitCity $city,
+    ?callable $trace = null,
 ): bool {
    $templates = new \League\Plates\Engine(__DIR__ . '/templates');

@@ -245,6 +246,26 @@ function processWar_NG(
    /** @var WarUnit */
    $defender = ($getNextDefender)(null, true);
    $conquerCity = false;
+    $traceSeq = 0;
+    $emitTrace = function (string $event, ?WarUnit $currentDefender, array $details = []) use (
+        $trace,
+        &$traceSeq,
+        $attacker,
+        $city
+    ): void {
+        if ($trace === null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        $trace([
+            'seq' => $traceSeq++,
+            'event' => $event,
+            'attacker' => buildWarTraceUnitSnapshot($attacker),
+            'defender' => $currentDefender === null ? null : buildWarTraceUnitSnapshot($currentDefender),
+            'city' => buildWarTraceUnitSnapshot($city),
+            'details' => $details,
+        ]);
+    };
+    $emitTrace('battle_start', $defender, ['seed' => $warSeed]);

    $josaRo = JosaUtil::pick($city->getName(), '로');
    $josaYi = JosaUtil::pick($attacker->getName(), '이');
@@ -277,6 +298,7 @@ function processWar_NG(
                $logger->pushGlobalHistoryLog("<M><b>【패퇴】</b></><D><b>{$defender->getNationVar('name')}</b></>{$josaYi} 병량 부족으로 <G><b>{$defender->getName()}</b></>{$josaUl} 뺏기고 말았습니다.");

                $conquerCity = true;
+                $emitTrace('supply_retreat', $defender);
                break;
            }
        }
@@ -332,18 +354,34 @@ function processWar_NG(
            $initCaller->merge($defender->getGeneral()->getBattleInitSkillTriggerList($defender));

            $initCaller->fire($attacker->rng, [], [$attacker, $defender]);
+            $emitTrace('opponent_initialized', $defender);
        }

        $attacker->beginPhase();
        $defender->beginPhase();
+        if ($trace !== null) {
+            $emitTrace('phase_power', $defender, [
+                'attackerAttack' => $attacker->getComputedAttack(),
+                'attackerDefence' => $attacker->getComputedDefence(),
+                'attackerTrain' => $attacker->getComputedTrain(),
+                'attackerAtmos' => $attacker->getComputedAtmos(),
+                'defenderAttack' => $defender->getComputedAttack(),
+                'defenderDefence' => $defender->getComputedDefence(),
+                'defenderTrain' => $defender->getComputedTrain(),
+                'defenderAtmos' => $defender->getComputedAtmos(),
+            ]);
+        }

        $battleCaller = $attacker->getGeneral()->getBattlePhaseSkillTriggerList($attacker);
        $battleCaller->merge($defender->getGeneral()->getBattlePhaseSkillTriggerList($defender));

        $battleCaller->fire($attacker->rng, [], [$attacker, $defender]);
+        $emitTrace('phase_triggered', $defender);

        $deadDefender = $attacker->calcDamage();
        $deadAttacker = $defender->calcDamage();
+        $rawDeadAttacker = $deadAttacker;
+        $rawDeadDefender = $deadDefender;

        $attackerHP = $attacker->getHP();
        $defenderHP = $defender->getHP();
@@ -371,6 +409,14 @@ function processWar_NG(

        $attacker->increaseKilled($deadDefender);
        $defender->increaseKilled($deadAttacker);
+        $emitTrace('phase_damage', $defender, [
+            'rawDeadAttacker' => $rawDeadAttacker,
+            'rawDeadDefender' => $rawDeadDefender,
+            'deadAttacker' => $deadAttacker,
+            'deadDefender' => $deadDefender,
+            'attackerHpBefore' => $attackerHP,
+            'defenderHpBefore' => $defenderHP,
+        ]);

        if($defender->getPhase() < 0){
            $phaseNickname = '先';
@@ -394,8 +440,10 @@ function processWar_NG(

        $attacker->addPhase();
        $defender->addPhase();
+        $emitTrace('phase_end', $defender);

        if (!$attacker->continueWar($noRice)) {
+            $emitTrace('attacker_stopped', $defender, ['noRice' => (bool)$noRice]);
            $logWritten = true;

            $attacker->logBattleResult();
@@ -420,6 +468,7 @@ function processWar_NG(
        }

        if (!$defender->continueWar($noRice)) {
+            $emitTrace('defender_stopped', $defender, ['noRice' => (bool)$noRice]);
            $logWritten = true;

            $attacker->logBattleResult();
@@ -462,6 +511,7 @@ function processWar_NG(

            $defender->finishBattle();
            $defender = ($getNextDefender)($defender, true);
+            $emitTrace('opponent_switched', $defender);

            if ($defender !== null && !($defender instanceof WarUnitGeneral)) {
                throw new \RuntimeException('다음 수비자를 받아오는데 실패');
@@ -497,10 +547,60 @@ function processWar_NG(
    }

    ($getNextDefender)($defender, false);
+    $emitTrace('battle_end', $defender, ['conquered' => $conquerCity]);

    return $conquerCity;
 }

+function buildWarTraceUnitSnapshot(WarUnit $unit): array
+{
+    $snapshot = [
+        'kind' => $unit instanceof WarUnitGeneral ? 'general' : 'city',
+        'id' => $unit instanceof WarUnitGeneral
+            ? $unit->getGeneral()->getID()
+            : $unit->getVar('city'),
+        'name' => $unit->getName(),
+        'isAttacker' => $unit->isAttacker(),
+        'crewTypeId' => $unit->getCrewType()->id,
+        'phase' => $unit->getPhase(),
+        'realPhase' => $unit->getRealPhase(),
+        'maxPhase' => $unit->getMaxPhase(),
+        'hp' => $unit->getHP(),
+        'rawWarPower' => $unit->getRawWarPower(),
+        'warPower' => $unit->getWarPower(),
+        'warPowerMultiplier' => $unit->getWarPowerMultiply(),
+        'killed' => $unit->getKilled(),
+        'dead' => $unit->getDead(),
+        'activatedSkills' => $unit->getActivatedSkillLog(),
+    ];
+
+    if ($unit instanceof WarUnitGeneral) {
+        $general = $unit->getGeneral();
+        $snapshot['general'] = [
+            'crew' => $general->getVar('crew'),
+            'rice' => $general->getVar('rice'),
+            'train' => $general->getVar('train'),
+            'atmos' => $general->getVar('atmos'),
+            'injury' => $general->getVar('injury'),
+            'experience' => $general->getVar('experience'),
+            'dedication' => $general->getVar('dedication'),
+            'dex1' => $general->getVar('dex1'),
+            'dex2' => $general->getVar('dex2'),
+            'dex3' => $general->getVar('dex3'),
+            'dex4' => $general->getVar('dex4'),
+            'dex5' => $general->getVar('dex5'),
+        ];
+    } else {
+        $snapshot['cityState'] = [
+            'defence' => $unit->getVar('def'),
+            'wall' => $unit->getVar('wall'),
+            'population' => $unit->getVar('pop'),
+        ];
+    }
+
+    return $snapshot;
+}
+
 function DeleteConflict($nation)
 {
    $db = DB::db();
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class BidUniqueAuction extends \sammo\BaseAPI
    ])
      ->rule('int', 'amount')
      ->rule('int', 'auctionID')
-      ->rule('boolean', 'extendCloseTick');
+      ->rule('boolean', 'extendCloseDate');

    if (!$v->validate()) {
      return $v->errorStr();
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class BidUniqueAuction extends \sammo\BaseAPI
  {
    $auctionID = $this->args['auctionID'];
    $amount = $this->args['amount'];
-    $tryExtendCloseDate = $this->args['extendCloseTick'] ?? false;
+    $tryExtendCloseDate = $this->args['extendCloseDate'] ?? false;

    $generalID = $session->generalID;
    $general = General::createObjFromDB($generalID);
@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@ use sammo\General;
 use sammo\Json;
 use sammo\TimeUtil;
 use sammo\Util;
-use sammo\GameClock;
-use sammo\KVStorage;

 use function sammo\getAuctionLogRecent;

@@ -35,13 +33,12 @@ class GetActiveResourceAuctionList extends \sammo\BaseAPI
  public function launch(Session $session, ?DateTimeInterface $modifiedSince, ?string $reqEtag): null | string | array | APIRecoveryType
  {
    $db = DB::db();
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env'));

    $buyRiceList = [];
    $sellRiceList = [];
    /** @var AuctionInfo[] */
    $auctions = array_map(fn ($raw) => AuctionInfo::fromArray($raw), $db->query(
-      'SELECT * FROM `ng_auction` WHERE `type` IN %ls AND `finished` = 0 ORDER BY `close_tick` ASC',
+      'SELECT * FROM `ng_auction` WHERE `type` IN %ls AND `finished` = 0 ORDER BY `close_date` ASC',
      [
        AuctionType::BuyRice->value,
        AuctionType::SellRice->value,
@@ -90,8 +87,8 @@ class GetActiveResourceAuctionList extends \sammo\BaseAPI
        'type' => $auction->type->value,
        'hostGeneralID' => $auction->hostGeneralID,
        'hostName' => $auction->detail->hostName,
-        'openDate' => $clock->formatTick($auction->openTick),
-        'closeDate' => $clock->formatTick($auction->closeTick),
+        'openDate' => TimeUtil::format($auction->openDate, false),
+        'closeDate' => TimeUtil::format($auction->closeDate, false),
        'amount' => $auction->detail->amount,
        'startBidAmount' => $auction->detail->startBidAmount,
        'finishBidAmount' => $auction->detail->finishBidAmount,
@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@ use sammo\Enums\GeneralQueryMode;
 use sammo\Enums\InheritanceKey;
 use sammo\InheritancePointManager;
 use sammo\TimeUtil;
-use sammo\GameClock;
-use sammo\KVStorage;
 use sammo\Validator;
 use sammo\General;

@@ -44,7 +42,6 @@ class GetUniqueItemAuctionDetail extends \sammo\BaseAPI
  public function launch(Session $session, ?DateTimeInterface $modifiedSince, ?string $reqEtag): null | string | array | APIRecoveryType
  {
    $db = DB::db();
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env'));

    $generalID = $session->generalID;
    $auctionID = $this->args['auctionID'];
@@ -95,11 +92,9 @@ class GetUniqueItemAuctionDetail extends \sammo\BaseAPI
        'target' => $auction->target,
        'isCallerHost' => $auction->hostGeneralID === $generalID,
        'hostName' => $auction->detail->hostName,
-        'closeDate' => $clock->formatTick($auction->closeTick),
+        'closeDate' => TimeUtil::format($auction->closeDate, false),
        'remainCloseDateExtensionCnt' => $auction->detail->remainCloseDateExtensionCnt,
-        'availableLatestBidCloseDate' => $auction->detail->availableLatestBidCloseTick === null
-          ? null
-          : $clock->formatTick($auction->detail->availableLatestBidCloseTick),
+        'availableLatestBidCloseDate' => TimeUtil::format($auction->detail->availableLatestBidCloseDate, false),
      ],
      'bidList' => $responseBid,
      'obfuscatedName' => $obfuscatedName,
@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@ use sammo\Enums\APIRecoveryType;
 use sammo\Enums\AuctionType;
 use sammo\TimeUtil;
 use sammo\Util;
-use sammo\GameClock;
-use sammo\KVStorage;

 class GetUniqueItemAuctionList extends \sammo\BaseAPI
 {
@@ -30,13 +28,12 @@ class GetUniqueItemAuctionList extends \sammo\BaseAPI
  public function launch(Session $session, ?DateTimeInterface $modifiedSince, ?string $reqEtag): null | string | array | APIRecoveryType
  {
    $db = DB::db();
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env'));

    $generalID = $session->generalID;

    /** @var AuctionInfo[] */
    $auctions = array_map(fn($raw)=>AuctionInfo::fromArray($raw), $db->query(
-      'SELECT * FROM `ng_auction` WHERE `type` = %s ORDER BY `close_tick` ASC',
+      'SELECT * FROM `ng_auction` WHERE `type` = %s ORDER BY `close_date` ASC',
      AuctionType::UniqueItem->value
    ) ?? []);

@@ -88,11 +85,9 @@ class GetUniqueItemAuctionList extends \sammo\BaseAPI
        'target' => $auction->target,
        'isCallerHost' => $auction->hostGeneralID === $generalID,
        'hostName' => $auction->detail->hostName,
-        'closeDate' => $clock->formatTick($auction->closeTick),
+        'closeDate' => TimeUtil::format($auction->closeDate, false),
        'remainCloseDateExtensionCnt' => $auction->detail->remainCloseDateExtensionCnt,
-        'availableLatestBidCloseDate' => $auction->detail->availableLatestBidCloseTick === null
-          ? null
-          : $clock->formatTick($auction->detail->availableLatestBidCloseTick),
+        'availableLatestBidCloseDate' => TimeUtil::format($auction->detail->availableLatestBidCloseDate, false),
        'highestBid' => [
          'generalName' => $highestBid->aux->generalName,
          'amount' => $highestBid->amount,
@@ -7,11 +7,9 @@ use DateTimeInterface;
 use sammo\DB;
 use sammo\Enums\APIRecoveryType;
 use sammo\GameConst;
-use sammo\GameClock;
 use sammo\Json;
 use sammo\KVStorage;
 use sammo\TimeUtil;
-use sammo\Util;

 use function sammo\cutTurn;

@@ -84,12 +82,11 @@ class GetReservedCommand extends \sammo\BaseAPI

        return [
            'result' => true,
-            'turnTimeTick' => Util::toInt($turnTime),
-            'turnTime' => GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor)->formatTick(Util::toInt($turnTime)),
+            'turnTime' => $turnTime,
            'turnTerm' => $turnTerm,
            'year' => $year,
            'month' => $month,
-            'date' => GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor)->formatTick(GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor)->nowTick(), true),
+            'date' => TimeUtil::now(true),
            'turn' => $commandList,
            'autorun_limit' => $generalAux['autorun_limit'] ?? null,
        ];
@@ -11,8 +11,7 @@ use sammo\Session;
 use sammo\General;
 use sammo\JosaUtil;
 use sammo\KVStorage;
-use sammo\GameClock;
-use sammo\Util;
+use sammo\TimeUtil;

 use function sammo\addTurn;
 use function sammo\increaseRefresh;
@@ -38,14 +37,8 @@ class DieOnPrestart extends \sammo\BaseAPI
    $db = DB::db();
    $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
    $gameStor->cacheValues(['turnterm', 'opentime', 'turntime', 'year', 'month']);
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-    $nowTick = $clock->nowTick();

    $general = $db->queryFirstRow('SELECT no,name,nation,owner_name,npc FROM general WHERE owner=%i AND npc = 0', $userID);
-    if (!$general) {
-      return '장수가 없습니다';
-    }
-
    $lastRefresh = $db->queryFirstField(
      'SELECT %b FROM general_access_log WHERE %b = %i',
      GeneralAccessLogColumn::lastRefresh->value,
@@ -53,9 +46,8 @@ class DieOnPrestart extends \sammo\BaseAPI
      $general['no']
    );

-    $generalObj = General::createObjFromDB($general['no']);
-    if ($generalObj instanceof DummyGeneral) {
-      trigger_error("올바르지 않은 삭제 프로세스 $userID", E_USER_WARNING);
+    if (!$general) {
+      return '장수가 없습니다';
    }

    increaseRefresh("장수 삭제", 1);
@@ -69,21 +61,16 @@ class DieOnPrestart extends \sammo\BaseAPI
      return '이미 국가에 소속되어있습니다.';
    }

-    $targetTime = $generalObj->getAuxVar('prestart_delete_after');
-    if (!is_int($targetTime)) {
-      $targetTime = addTurn(
-        $lastRefresh === null ? $nowTick : Util::toInt($lastRefresh),
-        $gameStor->turnterm,
-        GameConst::$minTurnDieOnPrestart
-      );
-      $generalObj->setAuxVar('prestart_delete_after', $targetTime);
-      $generalObj->applyDB($db);
+    //서버 가오픈시 할 수 있는 행동
+    $targetTime = addTurn($lastRefresh, $gameStor->turnterm, GameConst::$minTurnDieOnPrestart);
+    if ($targetTime > TimeUtil::now()) {
+      $targetTimeShort = substr($targetTime, 0, 19);
+      return "아직 삭제할 수 없습니다. {$targetTimeShort} 부터 가능합니다.";
    }

-    //서버 가오픈시 할 수 있는 행동
-    if ($targetTime > $nowTick) {
-      $targetTimeShort = $clock->formatTick($targetTime);
-      return "아직 삭제할 수 없습니다. {$targetTimeShort} 부터 가능합니다.";
+    $generalObj = General::createObjFromDB($general['no']);
+    if ($generalObj instanceof DummyGeneral) {
+      trigger_error("올바르지 않은 삭제 프로세스 $userID", E_USER_WARNING);
    }

    $generalName = $generalObj->getName();
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ use sammo\Enums\GeneralColumn;
 use sammo\Enums\GeneralQueryMode;
 use sammo\Enums\RankColumn;
 use sammo\GameConst;
-use sammo\GameClock;
 use sammo\General;
 use sammo\KVStorage;
 use sammo\LastTurn;
@@ -106,7 +105,6 @@ class GetFrontInfo extends \sammo\BaseAPI
    $db = DB::db();

    $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
    $gameStor->cacheValues(['isunited', 'opentime', 'refresh']);

    $lastHistoryID = $this->args['lastWorldHistoryID'];
@@ -160,7 +158,6 @@ class GetFrontInfo extends \sammo\BaseAPI
  private function generateGlobalInfo(MeekroDB $db): array
  {
    $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);

    [
      $scenarioText, $extendedGeneral, $isFiction, $npcMode,
@@ -213,8 +210,7 @@ class GetFrontInfo extends \sammo\BaseAPI
      'month' => $month,
      'autorunUser' => $autorunUser,
      'turnterm' => $turnterm,
-      'lastExecutedTick' => $lastExecuted,
-      'lastExecuted' => $clock->formatTick(Util::toInt($lastExecuted), true),
+      'lastExecuted' => $lastExecuted,
      'lastVoteID' => $lastVoteID,
      'develCost' => $develCost,
      'noticeMsg' => $noticeMsg,
@@ -228,8 +224,7 @@ class GetFrontInfo extends \sammo\BaseAPI
      'isLocked' => $isLocked,
      'tournamentType' => $tournamentType,
      'tournamentState' => $tournamentState,
-      'tournamentTimeTick' => $tournamentTime,
-      'tournamentTime' => $tournamentTime === null ? null : $clock->formatTick(Util::toInt($tournamentTime)),
+      'tournamentTime' => $tournamentTime,
      'genCount' => $globalGenCount,
      'generalCntLimit' => $generalCntLimit,
      'serverCnt' => $serverCnt,
@@ -366,7 +361,6 @@ class GetFrontInfo extends \sammo\BaseAPI

  public function generateGeneralInfo(MeekroDB $db, General $general, array $rawNation): array
  {
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env'));

    $permission = checkSecretPermission($general->getRaw());

@@ -431,12 +425,8 @@ class GetFrontInfo extends \sammo\BaseAPI
      'crew' => $general->getVar(GeneralColumn::crew), // number;
      'train' => $general->getVar(GeneralColumn::train), // number;
      'atmos' => $general->getVar(GeneralColumn::atmos), // number;
-      'turntimeTick' => $general->getTurnTick(), // number;
-      'turntime' => $general->getTurnTime(), // string;
-      'recent_war_tick' => $general->getVar(GeneralColumn::recent_war), // number|null;
-      'recent_war' => $general->getVar(GeneralColumn::recent_war) === null
-        ? null
-        : $clock->formatTick(Util::toInt($general->getVar(GeneralColumn::recent_war)), true), // string|null;
+      'turntime' => $general->getVar(GeneralColumn::turntime), // string;
+      'recent_war' => $general->getVar(GeneralColumn::recent_war), // string;
      'horse' => $general->getVar(GeneralColumn::horse), // GameObjClassKey;
      'weapon' => $general->getVar(GeneralColumn::weapon), // GameObjClassKey;
      'book' => $general->getVar(GeneralColumn::book), // GameObjClassKey;
@@ -554,7 +544,7 @@ class GetFrontInfo extends \sammo\BaseAPI
        'result' => false,
        'reason' => '접속 제한중입니다.',
        'recovery' => APIRecoveryType::GameQuota,
-        'recovery_arg' => $general->getTurnTime(),
+        'recovery_arg' => $general->getVar('turntime'),
      ];
    }

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ use sammo\Enums\APIRecoveryType;
 use sammo\Enums\GeneralAccessLogColumn;
 use sammo\Enums\RankColumn;
 use sammo\GameConst;
-use sammo\GameClock;
 use sammo\GameUnitConst;
 use sammo\General;
 use sammo\InheritancePointManager;
@@ -166,7 +165,6 @@ class Join extends \sammo\BaseAPI
        $db = DB::db();
        $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
        $gameStor->cacheValues(['year', 'month', 'maxgeneral', 'scenario', 'show_img_level', 'block_general_create', 'turnterm', 'turntime', 'genius', 'npcmode']);
-        $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
        ########## 동일 정보 존재여부 확인. ##########

        $block_general_create = $gameStor->getValue('block_general_create');
@@ -224,7 +222,7 @@ class Join extends \sammo\BaseAPI

        $userLogger = new UserLogger($userID, $admin['year'], $admin['month'], false);

-        $now = $clock->nowTick();
+        $now = TimeUtil::now(false);
        $rng = new RandUtil(new LiteHashDRBG(Util::simpleSerialize(
            UniqueConst::$hiddenSeed,
            'MakeGeneral',
@@ -362,14 +360,17 @@ class Join extends \sammo\BaseAPI

            $userLogger->push(sprintf("턴 시간 %02d:%02d 로 지정", intdiv($inheritTurntime, 60), $inheritTurntime % 60), "inheritPoint");

-            $inheritTurnMicrosecond = $rng->nextRangeInt(0, 999999);
-            $turntime = cutTurn(Util::toInt($admin['turntime']), $admin['turnterm'])
-                + $clock->ticksFromSeconds($inheritTurntime)
-                + intdiv($inheritTurnMicrosecond * $clock->ticksPerSecond(), 1_000_000);
+            $inheritTurntime += $rng->nextRangeInt(0, 999999) / 1000000;
+
+            $turntime = new \DateTimeImmutable(cutTurn($admin['turntime'], $admin['turnterm']));
+            $turntime = $turntime->add(TimeUtil::secondsToDateInterval($inheritTurntime));
+            $turntime = TimeUtil::format($turntime, true);
        } else {
-            $turntime = getRandTurn($rng, $admin['turnterm'], Util::toInt($admin['turntime']));
+            $turntime = getRandTurn($rng, $admin['turnterm'], new \DateTimeImmutable($admin['turntime']));
        }

+
+        $now = TimeUtil::now(true);
        if ($now >= $turntime) {
            $turntime = addTurn($turntime, $admin['turnterm']);
        }
@@ -434,13 +435,6 @@ class Join extends \sammo\BaseAPI
            'specage2' => $specage2,
            'special2' => $special2,
            'penalty' => Json::encode($penalty),
-            'aux' => Json::encode([
-                'prestart_delete_after' => addTurn(
-                    $now,
-                    $admin['turnterm'],
-                    GameConst::$minTurnDieOnPrestart
-                ),
-            ]),
        ]);
        $generalID = $db->insertId();
        $db->insert('general_access_log', [
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ use DateTimeInterface;
 use sammo\Enums\APIRecoveryType;
 use sammo\TurnExecutionHelper;
 use sammo\UniqueConst;
-use sammo\GameClock;
-use sammo\KVStorage;

 class ExecuteEngine extends \sammo\BaseAPI
 {
@@ -37,13 +35,11 @@ class ExecuteEngine extends \sammo\BaseAPI
      $updated = false;
      $locked = false;
      $lastExecuted = TurnExecutionHelper::executeAllCommand($updated, $locked);
-      $clock = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), 'game_env'));
      return [
        'result' => true,
        'updated' => $updated,
        'locked' => $locked,
-        'lastExecutedTick' => $lastExecuted,
-        'lastExecuted' => $clock->formatTick($lastExecuted, true),
+        'lastExecuted' => $lastExecuted,
      ];
    }
 }
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 namespace sammo\API\Global;

 use sammo\DB;
-use sammo\GameClock;
 use sammo\Enums\APIRecoveryType;
 use sammo\Json;
 use sammo\KVStorage;
@@ -146,8 +145,7 @@ class GeneralList extends \sammo\BaseAPI


        if (static::$withToken) {
-            $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
-            $now = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor)->nowTick();
+            $now = (new \DateTimeImmutable())->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
            $tokens = [];
            foreach ($db->query('SELECT * FROM select_npc_token WHERE `valid_until`>=%s', $now) as $token) {
                $validUntil = $token['valid_until'];
@@ -64,11 +64,13 @@ class ResetTurnTime extends \sammo\BaseAPI
        $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
        $turnTerm = $gameStor->getValue('turnterm');

+        $currTurnTime = new DateTimeImmutable($general->getTurnTime());
+
        $rng = new RandUtil(new LiteHashDRBG(Util::simpleSerialize(
            UniqueConst::$hiddenSeed,
            'ResetTurnTime',
            $userID,
-            $general->getAuxVar('nextTurnTimeBase') ?? $general->getTurnTick()
+            $general->getAuxVar('nextTurnTimeBase') ?? $general->getTurnTime()
        )));

        $afterTurn = $rng->nextFloat1() * $turnTerm * 60;
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use sammo\Enums\APIRecoveryType;
 use sammo\Enums\GeneralLiteQueryMode;
 use sammo\Enums\GeneralQueryMode;
 use sammo\General;
-use sammo\GameClock;
 use sammo\GeneralLite;
 use sammo\Session;
 use sammo\Util;
@@ -265,11 +264,8 @@ class GeneralList extends \sammo\BaseAPI
            'honorText' => fn ($rawGeneral) => getHonor($rawGeneral['experience']),
            'dedLevelText' => fn ($rawGeneral) => getDedLevelText($rawGeneral['dedlevel']),
            //'0000-00-00 11:23';
-            'turntime' => fn ($rawGeneral) => GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor)
-                ->formatTick(Util::toInt($rawGeneral['turntime'])),
-            'recent_war' => fn ($rawGeneral) => $rawGeneral['recent_war'] === null
-                ? null
-                : GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor)->formatTick(Util::toInt($rawGeneral['recent_war'])),
+            'turntime' => fn ($rawGeneral) => substr($rawGeneral['turntime'], 0, 19),
+            'recent_war' => fn ($rawGeneral) => substr($rawGeneral['recent_war'], 0, 19),
            'bill' => fn ($rawGeneral) => getBillByLevel($rawGeneral['dedlevel']),
            'reservedCommand' => fn ($rawGeneral) => $reservedCommand[$rawGeneral['no']] ?? null,
            'autorun_limit' => fn ($rawGeneral) => ($rawGeneral['aux'] ?? [])['autorun_limit'] ?? 0,
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use sammo\DB;
 use sammo\Enums\APIRecoveryType;
 use sammo\Enums\GeneralQueryMode;
 use sammo\GameConst;
-use sammo\GameClock;
 use sammo\General;
 use sammo\Json;
 use sammo\KVStorage;
@@ -52,8 +51,7 @@ class GetReservedCommand extends \sammo\BaseAPI
        $nationID = $me['nation'];
        $limitState = checkLimit($me['refresh_score']);
        if ($limitState >= 2) {
-            $limitTime = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor)->formatTick(Util::toInt($me['turntime']), true);
-            return "접속 제한중입니다. 1턴 이내에 너무 많은 갱신을 하셨습니다. (다음 갱신 가능 시각 : {$limitTime})";
+            return "접속 제한중입니다. 1턴 이내에 너무 많은 갱신을 하셨습니다. (다음 갱신 가능 시각 : {$me['turntime']})";
        }

        $permission = checkSecretPermission($me);
@@ -30,9 +30,8 @@ abstract class AbsFromUserPool extends AbsGeneralPool{
    }

    static public function pickGeneralFromPool(\MeekroDB $db, RandUtil $rng, int $owner, int $pickCnt, ?string $prefix=null):array{
-        $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
-        $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-        $now = $clock->nowTick();
+        $oNow = new \DateTimeImmutable();
+        $now = $oNow->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');

        $db->update('select_pool', [
            'reserved_until'=>null,
@@ -49,8 +48,9 @@ abstract class AbsFromUserPool extends AbsGeneralPool{
            throw new \RuntimeException('pool 부족');
        }

-        $result = [];
-        $validUntil = $now + GameClock::TICKS_PER_TURN * 2;
+        $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
+        $result = [];
+        $validUntil = TimeUtil::nowAddMinutes(2 * $gameStor->turnterm);
        while(count($result) < $pickCnt){
            $cand = $rng->choiceUsingWeightPair($pool);
            $poolID = $cand['id'];
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ abstract class AbsGeneralPool{
     * specialWar
     */

-    public function __construct(\MeekroDB $db, RandUtil $rng, array $info, int $validUntil)
+    public function __construct(\MeekroDB $db, RandUtil $rng, array $info, string $validUntil)
    {
        $this->db = $db;
        $this->info = $info;
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ abstract class AbsGeneralPool{
        return $this->builder;
    }

-    public function getValidUntil():int{
+    public function getValidUntil():string{
        return $this->validUntil;
    }

@@ -109,4 +109,4 @@ abstract class AbsGeneralPool{

    abstract public static function getPoolName():string;
    abstract public static function initPool(\MeekroDB $db);
-}
+}
@@ -146,35 +146,40 @@ abstract class Auction
    return $this->info;
  }

-  public function shrinkCloseTick(?int $tick): ?string
+  public function shrinkCloseDate(?DateTimeInterface $date): ?string
  {
+    if ($date === null) {
+      $date = new DateTimeImmutable();
+    }
+
+    $this->info->closeDate = $date;
    $db = DB::db();
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env'));
-    $this->info->closeTick = $tick ?? $clock->nowTick();
    $db->update('ng_auction', $this->info->toArray('id'), 'id = %i', $this->info->id);

    return null;
  }

-  public function extendLatestBidCloseTick(?int $tick): ?string
+  public function extendLatestBidCloseDate(?DateTimeInterface $date): ?string
  {
-    if ($tick === null) {
+    if ($date === null) {
      $db = DB::db();
      $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
-      $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
      $turnTerm = $gameStor->getValue('turnterm');
-      $tick = $this->info->closeTick + $clock->ticksFromMinutes(
-        max(static::MIN_EXTENSION_MINUTES_PER_BID, $turnTerm * static::COEFF_EXTENSION_MINUTES_PER_BID)
-      );
+      $date = $this->info->closeDate->add(TimeUtil::secondsToDateInterval(
+        max(static::MIN_EXTENSION_MINUTES_PER_BID, $turnTerm * static::COEFF_EXTENSION_MINUTES_PER_BID) * 60
+      ));
    }
-    if ($this->info->detail->availableLatestBidCloseTick !== null && $tick < $this->info->detail->availableLatestBidCloseTick) {
+    else{
+      $date = DateTimeImmutable::createFromInterface($date);
+    }
+    if ($this->info->detail->availableLatestBidCloseDate !== null && $date < $this->info->detail->availableLatestBidCloseDate) {
      return '기간보다 짧습니다.';
    }
-    $this->info->detail->availableLatestBidCloseTick = $tick;
+    $this->info->detail->availableLatestBidCloseDate = $date;
    return null;
  }

-  public function extendCloseTick(int $tick, bool $force = false): ?string
+  public function extendCloseDate(DateTimeInterface $date, bool $force = false): ?string
  {
    if (!$force) {
      if ($this->info->detail->remainCloseDateExtensionCnt === null) {
@@ -188,11 +193,12 @@ abstract class Auction
      }
    }

-    if ($tick < $this->info->closeTick) {
+    if ($date < $this->info->closeDate) {
      return '종료 기간보다 짧습니다.';
    }

-    $this->info->closeTick = $tick;
+    $closeDate = DateTimeImmutable::createFromInterface($date);
+    $this->info->closeDate = $closeDate;
    return null;
  }

@@ -239,13 +245,12 @@ abstract class Auction

    //TODO: 전역 알림이 나타나야한다. 일반 메시지보다는 중요하고, 메시지보단 약하게..
    //TODO: 바로가기를 제공하는 편이 좋을 것 같다.
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env'));
    $msg = new Message(
      MessageType::private,
      $src,
      $dest,
      $reason,
-      DateTime::createFromImmutable($clock->tickToDateTime($clock->nowTick())),
+      new DateTime(),
      new DateTime('9999-12-31'),
      []
    );
@@ -270,12 +275,7 @@ abstract class Auction
    $db->update('ng_auction', $this->info->toArray('id'), 'id = %i', $this->info->id);
  }

-  private function bidInheritPoint(
-    int $amount,
-    int $nowTick,
-    \DateTimeImmutable $nowDate,
-    bool $tryExtendCloseDate,
-  ): ?string
+  private function bidInheritPoint(int $amount, \DateTimeImmutable $now, bool $tryExtendCloseDate): ?string
  {
    $db = DB::db();

@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ abstract class Auction
      $general->getVar('owner'),
      $general->getID(),
      $amount,
-      $nowDate,
+      $now,
      new AuctionBidItemData(
        $general->getVar('owner_name'),
        $obfuscatedName,
@@ -324,16 +324,15 @@ abstract class Auction
    }

    $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
    $turnTerm = $gameStor->getValue('turnterm');

-    if ($this->info->detail->availableLatestBidCloseTick !== null) {
-      $extendedCloseTick = $nowTick + $clock->ticksFromMinutes(
-        max(static::MIN_EXTENSION_MINUTES_PER_BID, $turnTerm * static::COEFF_EXTENSION_MINUTES_PER_BID)
-      );
+    if ($this->info->detail->availableLatestBidCloseDate !== null) {
+      $extendedCloseDate = $now->add(TimeUtil::secondsToDateInterval(
+        max(static::MIN_EXTENSION_MINUTES_PER_BID, $turnTerm * static::COEFF_EXTENSION_MINUTES_PER_BID) * 60
+      ));

-      if ($extendedCloseTick > $this->info->closeTick && $this->info->closeTick < $this->info->detail->availableLatestBidCloseTick) {
-        $this->extendCloseTick(min($extendedCloseTick, $this->info->detail->availableLatestBidCloseTick), true);
+      if ($extendedCloseDate > $this->info->closeDate && $this->info->closeDate < $this->info->detail->availableLatestBidCloseDate) {
+        $this->extendCloseDate(min($extendedCloseDate, $this->info->detail->availableLatestBidCloseDate), true);
        $this->applyDB();
      }
    }
@@ -357,16 +356,12 @@ abstract class Auction
      return '경매가 이미 끝났습니다.';
    }

-    $db = DB::db();
-    $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-    $nowTick = $clock->nowTick();
-    $nowDate = $clock->tickToDateTime($nowTick);
+    $now = new \DateTimeImmutable();

-    if ($auctionInfo->closeTick < $nowTick) {
+    if ($auctionInfo->closeDate < $now) {
      return '경매가 이미 끝났습니다.';
    }
-    if ($auctionInfo->openTick > $nowTick) {
+    if ($auctionInfo->openDate > $now) {
      return '경매가 아직 시작되지 않았습니다.';
    }

@@ -382,11 +377,13 @@ abstract class Auction


    if ($auctionInfo->reqResource === ResourceType::inheritancePoint) {
-      return $this->bidInheritPoint($amount, $nowTick, $nowDate, $tryExtendCloseDate);
+      return $this->bidInheritPoint($amount, $now, $tryExtendCloseDate);
    }

    //reqResource는 말 그대로 '구매자가 내야하는 자원'이다.

+    $db = DB::db();
+
    $highestBid = $this->getHighestBid();
    if (!$auctionInfo->detail->isReverse) {
      if ($highestBid !== null && $amount <= $highestBid->amount) {
@@ -424,7 +421,7 @@ abstract class Auction
      $general->getVar('owner'),
      $general->getID(),
      $amount,
-      $nowDate,
+      $now,
      new AuctionBidItemData(
        $general->getVar('owner_name'),
        $general->getName(),
@@ -439,13 +436,14 @@ abstract class Auction

    $general->increaseVar($resType->value, -$morePoint);

+    $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
    $turnTerm = $gameStor->getValue('turnterm');
-    $extendedCloseTick = $nowTick + $clock->ticksFromMinutes(
-      max(static::MIN_EXTENSION_MINUTES_PER_BID, $turnTerm * static::COEFF_EXTENSION_MINUTES_PER_BID)
-    );
+    $extendedCloseDate = $now->add(TimeUtil::secondsToDateInterval(
+      max(static::MIN_EXTENSION_MINUTES_PER_BID, $turnTerm * static::COEFF_EXTENSION_MINUTES_PER_BID) * 60
+    ));

-    if ($extendedCloseTick > $this->info->closeTick) {
-      $this->extendCloseTick($extendedCloseTick, true);
+    if ($extendedCloseDate > $this->info->closeDate) {
+      $this->extendCloseDate($extendedCloseDate, true);
      $this->applyDB();
    }

@@ -458,10 +456,10 @@ abstract class Auction

  public function tryFinish(): ?bool
  {
-    $db = DB::db();
-    $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-    if ($clock->nowTick() < $this->info->closeTick) return null;
+    $now = new DateTimeImmutable();
+    if ($now < $this->info->closeDate) {
+      return null;
+    }

    //경매를 닫아야한다.
    $highestBid = $this->getHighestBid();
@@ -471,15 +469,17 @@ abstract class Auction
    }

    if ($highestBid->aux->tryExtendCloseDate) {
+      $db = DB::db();
+      $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
      $turnTerm = $gameStor->getValue('turnterm');

      //연장 요청이 있었다.
-      $extendedCloseTick = $this->info->closeTick + $clock->ticksFromMinutes(
-        max(static::MIN_EXTENSION_MINUTES_BY_EXTENSION_QUERY, $turnTerm * static::COEFF_EXTENSION_MINUTES_BY_EXTENSION_QUERY)
-      );
+      $extendedCloseDate = $this->info->closeDate->add(TimeUtil::secondsToDateInterval(
+        max(static::MIN_EXTENSION_MINUTES_BY_EXTENSION_QUERY, $turnTerm * static::COEFF_EXTENSION_MINUTES_BY_EXTENSION_QUERY) * 60
+      ));

-      if ($this->extendCloseTick($extendedCloseTick) === null) {
-        $this->extendLatestBidCloseTick(null);
+      if ($this->extendCloseDate($extendedCloseDate) === null) {
+        $this->extendLatestBidCloseDate(null);
        $this->applyDB();
        return false;
      }
@@ -509,13 +509,12 @@ abstract class Auction

    //TODO: 전역 알림이 나타나야한다. 일반 메시지보다는 중요하고, 메시지보단 약하게..
    //TODO: 바로가기를 제공하는 편이 좋을 것 같다.
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env'));
    $msg = new Message(
      MessageType::private,
      $src,
      $dest,
      $failReason,
-      DateTime::createFromImmutable($clock->tickToDateTime($clock->nowTick())),
+      new \DateTime(),
      new \DateTime('9999-12-31'),
      []
    );
@@ -56,11 +56,10 @@ abstract class AuctionBasicResource extends Auction
    }


+    $now = new \DateTimeImmutable();
    $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-    $nowTick = $clock->nowTick();
    $turnTerm = $gameStor->getValue('turnterm');
-    $closeTick = $nowTick + GameClock::TICKS_PER_TURN * $closeTurnCnt;
+    $closeDate = $now->add(TimeUtil::secondsToDateInterval($closeTurnCnt * $turnTerm * 60));

    $openResult = static::openAuction(new AuctionInfo(
      null,
@@ -69,8 +68,8 @@ abstract class AuctionBasicResource extends Auction
      "$amount",
      $general->getId(),
      $bidderRes,
-      $nowTick,
-      $closeTick,
+      $now,
+      $closeDate,
      new AuctionInfoDetail(
        "{$hostResName} {$amount} 경매",
        $general->getName(),
@@ -146,13 +145,12 @@ abstract class AuctionBasicResource extends Auction

    //TODO: 전역 알림이 나타나야한다. 일반 메시지보다는 중요하고, 메시지보단 약하게..
    //TODO: 바로가기를 제공하는 편이 좋을 것 같다.
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), 'game_env'));
    $msg = new Message(
      MessageType::private,
      $src,
      $dest,
      "{$this->auctionID}번 {$hostResName} 경매에 입찰이 없어 취소되었습니다.",
-      \DateTime::createFromImmutable($clock->tickToDateTime($clock->nowTick())),
+      new \DateTime(),
      new \DateTime('9999-12-31'),
      []
    );
@@ -248,8 +246,8 @@ abstract class AuctionBasicResource extends Auction
      $db = DB::db();
      $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
      $turnTerm = $gameStor->getValue('turnterm');
-      $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-      $this->shrinkCloseTick($clock->nowTick() + GameClock::TICKS_PER_TURN);
+      $date = (new DateTimeImmutable())->add(TimeUtil::secondsToDateInterval($turnTerm * 60));
+      $this->shrinkCloseDate($date);
    }

    return null;
@@ -72,15 +72,16 @@ class AuctionUniqueItem extends Auction

    $gameStor = KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');

+    $now = new DateTimeImmutable();
+
    [$turnTerm, $year, $month] = $gameStor->getValuesAsArray(['turnterm', 'year', 'month']);
-    $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-    $nowTick = $clock->nowTick();
-    $closeTick = $nowTick + $clock->ticksFromMinutes(
-      max(static::MIN_AUCTION_CLOSE_MINUTES, $turnTerm * static::COEFF_AUCTION_CLOSE_MINUTES)
-    );
-    $availableLatestBidCloseTick = $closeTick + $clock->ticksFromMinutes(
-      max(static::MIN_EXTENSION_MINUTES_LIMIT_BY_BID, $turnTerm * static::COEFF_EXTENSION_MINUTES_LIMIT_BY_BID)
-    );
+
+    $closeDate = $now->add(TimeUtil::secondsToDateInterval(
+      max(static::MIN_AUCTION_CLOSE_MINUTES, $turnTerm * static::COEFF_AUCTION_CLOSE_MINUTES) * 60
+    ));
+    $availableLatestBidCloseDate = $closeDate->add(TimeUtil::secondsToDateInterval(
+      max(static::MIN_EXTENSION_MINUTES_LIMIT_BY_BID, $turnTerm * static::COEFF_EXTENSION_MINUTES_LIMIT_BY_BID) * 60
+    ));

    $info = new AuctionInfo(
      null,
@@ -89,8 +90,8 @@ class AuctionUniqueItem extends Auction
      $itemKey,
      $general->getID(),
      ResourceType::inheritancePoint,
-      $nowTick,
-      $closeTick,
+      $now,
+      $closeDate,
      new AuctionInfoDetail(
        "{$item->getName()} 경매",
        static::genObfuscatedName($general->getID()),
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ class AuctionUniqueItem extends Auction
        $startAmount,
        null,
        1,
-        $availableLatestBidCloseTick,
+        $availableLatestBidCloseDate,
      )
    );

@@ -266,22 +267,21 @@ class AuctionUniqueItem extends Auction

    if ($availableEquipUniqueCnt <= 0) {
      $turnTerm = $gameStor->getValue('turnterm');
-      $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
      //제한에 걸렸다면 자동 연장
-      $extendedCloseTick = $this->info->closeTick + $clock->ticksFromMinutes(
-        max(static::MIN_EXTENSION_MINUTES_BY_EXTENSION_QUERY, $turnTerm * static::COEFF_EXTENSION_MINUTES_LIMIT_UNIQUE_CNT)
-      );
+      $extendedCloseDate = $this->info->closeDate->add(TimeUtil::secondsToDateInterval(
+        max(static::MIN_EXTENSION_MINUTES_BY_EXTENSION_QUERY, $turnTerm * static::COEFF_EXTENSION_MINUTES_LIMIT_UNIQUE_CNT) * 60
+      ));

      if($bidder->getID() != $this->info->hostGeneralID){
        $this->setHostAsNeutral();
      }
-      $this->extendCloseTick($extendedCloseTick, true);
-      $this->extendLatestBidCloseTick(null);
+      $this->extendCloseDate($extendedCloseDate, true);
+      $this->extendLatestBidCloseDate(null);
      $this->applyDB();
      return '유니크 아이템 소유 제한 상태입니다. 종료 시간이 연장됩니다.';
    }

-    $isExtendCloseTickRequired = false;
+    $isExtendCloseDateRequired = false;
    foreach (GameConst::$allItems as $itemType => $itemList) {
      //아직은 그런 경우는 없지만 동일 유니크를 여러 부위에 장착할 수 있을지도 모름
      if (!key_exists($itemKey, $itemList)) {
@@ -291,13 +291,13 @@ class AuctionUniqueItem extends Auction
      $ownItem = $general->getItem($itemType);
      if ($ownItem->getRawClassName() == $itemKey) {
        //FIXME: 이 경우에는 환불이 되던가 해야함.
-        $isExtendCloseTickRequired = true;
+        $isExtendCloseDateRequired = true;
        $reasons[] = '이미 그 유니크를 가지고 있습니다.';
        continue;
      }

      if (!$ownItem->isBuyable()) {
-        $isExtendCloseTickRequired = true;
+        $isExtendCloseDateRequired = true;
        $reasons[] = '이미 다른 유니크를 가지고 있습니다.';
        continue;
      }
@@ -313,19 +313,18 @@ class AuctionUniqueItem extends Auction
    }

    if (!$availableItemTypes) {
-      if ($isExtendCloseTickRequired) {
+      if ($isExtendCloseDateRequired) {
        $turnTerm = $gameStor->getValue('turnterm');
-        $clock = GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
        //동일 부위 제한에 걸렸다면 자동 연장
-        $extendedCloseTick = $this->info->closeTick + $clock->ticksFromMinutes(
-          max(static::MIN_EXTENSION_MINUTES_LIMIT_BY_BID, $turnTerm * static::COEFF_EXTENSION_MINUTES_LIMIT_BY_BID)
-        );
+        $extendedCloseDate = $this->info->closeDate->add(TimeUtil::secondsToDateInterval(
+          max(static::MIN_EXTENSION_MINUTES_LIMIT_BY_BID, $turnTerm * static::COEFF_EXTENSION_MINUTES_LIMIT_BY_BID) * 60
+        ));

        if($bidder->getID() != $this->info->hostGeneralID){
          $this->setHostAsNeutral();
        }
-        $this->extendCloseTick($extendedCloseTick, true);
-        $this->extendLatestBidCloseTick(null);
+        $this->extendCloseDate($extendedCloseDate, true);
+        $this->extendLatestBidCloseDate(null);
        $this->applyDB();
      }
      return join(' ', $reasons);
@@ -451,7 +451,6 @@ final class CentennialAllStarGrowthService
        if (!in_array($general->getNPCType(), [3, 4], true)) {
            return null;
        }
-        self::initializeGeneratedNPC($general, $targetInfo);
        $result = self::applyTarget(
            $general,
            $targetInfo,
@@ -463,67 +462,6 @@ final class CentennialAllStarGrowthService
        return $result;
    }

-    /**
-     * Keeps the ordinary M/G-general stat total while aligning its strong,
-     * middle, and weak stats with the selected all-star target. The target's
-     * creation-date growth floor is applied immediately afterwards.
-     */
-    public static function initializeGeneratedNPC(
-        General $general,
-        array $targetInfo
-    ): void {
-        $generatedStats = [];
-        foreach (self::STAT_KEYS as $key) {
-            $generatedStats[$key] = (int) $general->getVar($key);
-        }
-        $initialStats = self::calculateGeneratedNPCInitialStats(
-            $targetInfo,
-            $generatedStats
-        );
-        foreach (self::STAT_KEYS as $key) {
-            $general->updateVar($key, $initialStats[$key]);
-        }
-        foreach (self::DEX_KEYS as $key) {
-            $general->updateVar($key, 0);
-        }
-        $general->setAuxVar(self::AUX_KEY, self::initialAux($targetInfo));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @param array<string, mixed> $targetInfo
-     * @param array{leadership:int,strength:int,intel:int} $generatedStats
-     * @return array{leadership:int,strength:int,intel:int}
-     */
-    public static function calculateGeneratedNPCInitialStats(
-        array $targetInfo,
-        array $generatedStats
-    ): array {
-        $targetOrder = self::STAT_KEYS;
-        $keyOrder = array_flip(self::STAT_KEYS);
-        usort(
-            $targetOrder,
-            static function (string $lhs, string $rhs) use ($targetInfo, $keyOrder): int {
-                $targetCompare = (int) ($targetInfo[$rhs] ?? 0)
-                    <=> (int) ($targetInfo[$lhs] ?? 0);
-                return $targetCompare !== 0
-                    ? $targetCompare
-                    : $keyOrder[$lhs] <=> $keyOrder[$rhs];
-            }
-        );
-
-        $generatedValues = array_map(
-            static fn (string $key): int => (int) ($generatedStats[$key] ?? 0),
-            self::STAT_KEYS
-        );
-        rsort($generatedValues, SORT_NUMERIC);
-
-        $result = array_fill_keys(self::STAT_KEYS, 0);
-        foreach ($targetOrder as $idx => $key) {
-            $result[$key] = $generatedValues[$idx];
-        }
-        return $result;
-    }
-
    /**
     * Moves the event-backed part of a dex conversion with the converted
     * value and consumes any guaranteed floor crossed by the source value.
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class che_발령 extends Command\NationCommand
        $destGeneral->getLogger()->pushGeneralActionLog("<Y>{$generalName}</>에 의해 <G><b>{$destCityName}</b></>{$josaRo} 발령됐습니다. <1>$date</>");

        $yearMonth = Util::joinYearMonth($this->env['year'], $this->env['month']);
-        if (cutTurn($general->getTurnTick(), $this->env['turnterm']) != cutTurn($destGeneral->getTurnTick(), $this->env['turnterm'])) {
+        if (cutTurn($general->getTurnTime(), $this->env['turnterm']) != cutTurn($destGeneral->getTurnTime(), $this->env['turnterm'])) {
            $yearMonth += 1;
        }
        $destGeneral->setAuxVar('last발령', $yearMonth);
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class che_천도 extends Command\NationCommand
        $nationID = $general->getNationID();
        $nationStor = \sammo\KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), $nationID, 'nation_env');

-        $nationStor->last천도Trial = [$general->getVar('officer_level'), $general->getTurnTick()];
+        $nationStor->last천도Trial = [$general->getVar('officer_level'), $general->getTurnTime()];

        if ($lastTurn->getCommand() != $commandName || $lastTurn->getArg() !== $this->arg) {
            $this->setResultTurn(new LastTurn(
@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@

 namespace sammo\DTO;

+use LDTO\Attr\Convert;
 use LDTO\Attr\JsonString;
 use LDTO\Attr\NullIsUndefined;
 use LDTO\Attr\RawName;
+use LDTO\Converter\DateTimeConverter;
 use sammo\Enums\AuctionType;
 use sammo\Enums\ResourceType;

@@ -21,10 +23,12 @@ class AuctionInfo extends \LDTO\DTO
 		#[RawName('req_resource')]
 		public ResourceType $reqResource,

-		#[RawName('open_tick')]
-		public int $openTick,
-		#[RawName('close_tick')]
-		public int $closeTick,
+		#[RawName('open_date')]
+		#[Convert(DateTimeConverter::class)]
+		public \DateTimeImmutable $openDate,
+		#[RawName('close_date')]
+		#[Convert(DateTimeConverter::class)]
+		public \DateTimeImmutable $closeDate,

 		#[JsonString]
 		public AuctionInfoDetail $detail,
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@

 namespace sammo\DTO;

+use LDTO\Attr\Convert;
 use LDTO\Attr\NullIsUndefined;
+use LDTO\Converter\DateTimeConverter;

 class AuctionInfoDetail extends \LDTO\DTO
 {
@@ -19,7 +21,8 @@ class AuctionInfoDetail extends \LDTO\DTO
 		#[NullIsUndefined]
 		public ?int $remainCloseDateExtensionCnt,
 		#[NullIsUndefined]
-		public ?int $availableLatestBidCloseTick,
+		#[Convert(DateTimeConverter::class)]
+		public ?\DateTimeImmutable $availableLatestBidCloseDate,
 	) {
 	}
 }
@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@

 namespace sammo\DTO;

+use LDTO\Attr\Convert;
 use LDTO\Attr\NullIsUndefined;
 use LDTO\Attr\RawName;
+use LDTO\Converter\DateTimeConverter;

 class GeneralAccessLog extends \LDTO\DTO
 {
@@ -18,7 +20,8 @@ class GeneralAccessLog extends \LDTO\DTO
    public ?int $userID,

    #[RawName('last_refresh')]
-    public ?int $lastRefresh,
+    #[Convert(DateTimeConverter::class)]
+    public \DateTimeImmutable $lastRefresh,

    public int $refresh,

@@ -32,4 +35,4 @@ class GeneralAccessLog extends \LDTO\DTO
    public int $refreshScoreTotal,
  ) {
  }
-}
+}
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class DiplomaticMessage extends Message{
            $this->validDiplomacy = false;
        }

-        if($this->validUntil < $this->date){
+        if($this->validUntil < (new \DateTime())){
            $this->validDiplomacy = false;
        }
    }
@@ -281,4 +281,4 @@ class DiplomaticMessage extends Message{
        return self::DECLINED;
    }

-}
+}
@@ -281,13 +281,16 @@ class General extends GeneralBase implements iAction
            $this->calcCache[$cacheKey] = $result;
            return $result;
        }
-        $tickDiff = Util::toInt($this->getVar('turntime')) - Util::toInt($this->getVar('recent_war'));
-        if ($tickDiff <= 0) {
-            $this->calcCache[$cacheKey] = 0;
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        $result = intdiv($tickDiff, GameClock::TICKS_PER_TURN);
+        $recwar = new \DateTimeImmutable($this->getVar('recent_war'));
+        $turnNow = new \DateTimeImmutable($this->getVar('turntime'));
+        $secDiff = TimeUtil::DateIntervalToSeconds($recwar->diff($turnNow));
+
+        if ($secDiff <= 0) {
+            $this->calcCache[$cacheKey] = 0;
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        $result = intdiv(Util::toInt($secDiff), 60 * $turnTerm);
        $this->calcCache[$cacheKey] = $result;
        return $result;
    }
@@ -1042,64 +1045,18 @@ class General extends GeneralBase implements iAction

        /** @var Map<GeneralAccessLog,int>|null */
        $rawAccessLog = null;
-        $rankColumnValues = array_map(fn (\BackedEnum $e) => $e->value, $rankColumn);

        if (!$accessLogColumn) {
-            if ($rankColumn) {
-                $rawGeneral = $db->queryFirstRow(
-                    'SELECT %l, (
-                        SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(
-                            CONCAT(`type`, CHAR(61), `value`)
-                            ORDER BY `type`
-                        )
-                        FROM rank_data
-                        WHERE rank_data.general_id = general.no
-                          AND `type` IN %ls
-                    ) AS `_rank_values`
-                    FROM general WHERE no = %i',
-                    Util::formatListOfBackticks($column),
-                    $rankColumnValues,
-                    $generalID
-                );
-            } else {
-                $rawGeneral = $db->queryFirstRow(
-                    'SELECT %l FROM general WHERE no = %i',
-                    Util::formatListOfBackticks($column),
-                    $generalID
-                );
-            }
+            $rawGeneral = $db->queryFirstRow('SELECT %l FROM general WHERE no = %i', Util::formatListOfBackticks($column), $generalID);
        } else {
-            if ($rankColumn) {
-                $rawGeneral = $db->queryFirstRow(
-                    'SELECT %l, %l, (
-                        SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(
-                            CONCAT(`type`, CHAR(61), `value`)
-                            ORDER BY `type`
-                        )
-                        FROM rank_data
-                        WHERE rank_data.general_id = general.no
-                          AND `type` IN %ls
-                    ) AS `_rank_values`
-                    FROM `general` LEFT JOIN general_access_log
-                      ON general.no = general_access_log.general_id
-                    WHERE no = %i',
-                    Util::formatListOfBackticks($column),
-                    Util::formatListOfBackticks($accessLogColumn),
-                    $rankColumnValues,
-                    $generalID
-                );
-            } else {
-                $rawGeneral = $db->queryFirstRow(
-                    'SELECT %l, %l FROM `general` LEFT JOIN general_access_log
-                      ON general.no = general_access_log.general_id WHERE no = %i',
-                    Util::formatListOfBackticks($column),
-                    Util::formatListOfBackticks($accessLogColumn),
-                    $generalID
-                );
-            }
-        }
+            $rawGeneral = $db->queryFirstRow(
+                'SELECT %l, %l FROM `general` LEFT JOIN general_access_log
+                    ON general.no = general_access_log.general_id WHERE no = %i',
+                Util::formatListOfBackticks($column),
+                Util::formatListOfBackticks($accessLogColumn),
+                $generalID
+            );

-        if ($accessLogColumn) {
            $rawAccessLog = new Map();
            foreach ($accessLogColumn as $accessLogKey) {
                if (!key_exists($accessLogKey->value, $rawGeneral)) {
@@ -1119,16 +1076,15 @@ class General extends GeneralBase implements iAction

        $rawRankValues = new Map();
        if ($rankColumn) {
-            $rawRankPairs = $rawGeneral['_rank_values'];
-            foreach ($rawRankPairs === null || $rawRankPairs === ''
-                ? []
-                : explode(',', $rawRankPairs) as $rawRankPair
-            ) {
-                [$rawRankType, $rankValue] = explode('=', $rawRankPair, 2);
-                $rankType = RankColumn::from($rawRankType);
-                $rawRankValues->put($rankType, (int) $rankValue);
+            $rawValue = $db->queryAllLists(
+                'SELECT `type`, `value` FROM rank_data WHERE general_id = %i AND `type` IN %ls',
+                $generalID,
+                array_map(fn (\BackedEnum $e) => $e->value, $rankColumn)
+            );
+            foreach ($rawValue as [$rawRankType, $rankValue]) {
+                $rankType = RankColumn::tryFrom($rawRankType);
+                $rawRankValues->put($rankType, $rankValue);
            }
-            unset($rawGeneral['_rank_values']);
        }


@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ class GeneralAI
        $this->calcWarRoute();
        $troopCandidate = [];

-        $chiefTurn = cutTurn($this->general->getTurnTick(), $this->env['turnterm']);
+        $chiefTurn = cutTurn($this->general->getTurnTime(), $this->env['turnterm']);
        $yearMonth = Util::joinYearMonth($this->env['year'], $this->env['month']);

        foreach ($this->troopLeaders as $troopLeader) {
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ class GeneralAI

            $last발령 = $troopLeader->getAuxVar('last발령');
            if ($last발령) {
-                $leaderTurn = cutTurn($troopLeader->getTurnTick(), $this->env['turnterm']);
+                $leaderTurn = cutTurn($troopLeader->getTurnTime(), $this->env['turnterm']);
                $compYearMonth = $yearMonth;
                if ($chiefTurn < $leaderTurn) {
                    $compYearMonth += 1;
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ class GeneralAI
            return null;
        }

-        $chiefTurn = cutTurn($this->general->getTurnTick(), $this->env['turnterm']);
+        $chiefTurn = cutTurn($this->general->getTurnTime(), $this->env['turnterm']);
        $yearMonth = Util::joinYearMonth($this->env['year'], $this->env['month']);

        $troopCandidate = [];
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ class GeneralAI

            $last발령 = $troopLeader->getAuxVar('last발령');
            if ($last발령) {
-                $leaderTurn = cutTurn($troopLeader->getTurnTick(), $this->env['turnterm']);
+                $leaderTurn = cutTurn($troopLeader->getTurnTime(), $this->env['turnterm']);
                $compYearMonth = $yearMonth;
                if ($chiefTurn < $leaderTurn) {
                    $compYearMonth += 1;
@@ -586,8 +586,8 @@ class GeneralAI
                continue;
            }

-            $generalTurnTime = $userGeneral->getTurnTick();
-            $troopTurnTime =  $troopLeader->getTurnTick();
+            $generalTurnTime = $userGeneral->getTurnTime();
+            $troopTurnTime =  $troopLeader->getTurnTime();

            if ($generalTurnTime < $troopTurnTime) { //NOTE: 어차피 수뇌 턴이 제일 빠르다
                $generalCadidates[$generalID] = $userGeneral;
@@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ class GeneralAI

                if (
                    key_exists($troopLeader->getCityID(), $this->supplyCities) &&
-                    $this->troopLeaders[$troopID]->getTurnTick() < $lostGeneral->getTurnTick()
+                    $this->troopLeaders[$troopID]->getTurnTime() < $lostGeneral->getTurnTime()
                ) {
                    //이미 탈출 가능한 부대를 탔다
                    continue;
@@ -1986,7 +1986,7 @@ class GeneralAI
        if ($lastTurn->getCommand() === '천도' && $lastTurn->getArg()['destCityID'] != $this->nation['capital']) {
            $cmd = buildNationCommandClass('che_천도', $this->general, $this->env, $lastTurn, $lastTurn->getArg());
            if ($cmd->hasFullConditionMet()) {
-                $nationStor->last천도Trial = [$general->getVar('officer_level'), $general->getTurnTick()];
+                $nationStor->last천도Trial = [$general->getVar('officer_level'), $general->getTurnTime()];
                $this->reqUpdateInstance = true;
                return $cmd;
            }
@@ -1995,9 +1995,12 @@ class GeneralAI
        $lastTrial = $nationStor->last천도Trial;
        if ($lastTrial) {
            [$lastTrialLevel, $lastTrialTurnTime] = $lastTrial;
-            $timeDiffTick = abs($general->getTurnTick() - Util::toInt($lastTrialTurnTime));
-            if ($timeDiffTick < intdiv(GameClock::TICKS_PER_TURN, 2)
-                && $lastTrialLevel !== $general->getVar('officer_level')) { //0.5Turn
+            $timeDiffSeconds = TimeUtil::DateIntervalToSeconds(
+                date_create_immutable($lastTrialTurnTime)->diff(
+                    date_create_immutable($general->getTurnTime())
+                )
+            );
+            if ($timeDiffSeconds < $turnTerm * 30 && $lastTrialLevel !== $general->getVar('officer_level')) { //0.5Turn
                return null;
            }
        }
@@ -2106,7 +2109,7 @@ class GeneralAI
        }


-        $nationStor->last천도Trial = [$general->getVar('officer_level'), $general->getTurnTick()];
+        $nationStor->last천도Trial = [$general->getVar('officer_level'), $general->getTurnTime()];
        $this->reqUpdateInstance = true;
        return $cmd;
    }
@@ -54,24 +54,14 @@ abstract class GeneralBase
        );
    }

-    function getTurnTime(int $short = self::TURNTIME_FULL_MS): ?string
-    {
-        if(!key_exists('turntime', $this->raw)){
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        $rawTurnTime = $this->getVar('turntime');
-        // 비교용 Dummy와 과거 fixture는 문자열을 잠시 허용하되 제품 DB는 tick만 사용합니다.
-        if (is_string($rawTurnTime) && !ctype_digit(ltrim($rawTurnTime, '-'))) {
-            $formattedTurnTime = $rawTurnTime;
-        } else {
-            $db = DB::db();
-            $clock = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env'));
-            $formattedTurnTime = $clock->formatTick(Util::toInt($rawTurnTime), true);
-        }
-
-        return [
-            self::TURNTIME_FULL_MS => function ($turntime) {
+    function getTurnTime(int $short = self::TURNTIME_FULL_MS): ?string
+    {
+        if(!key_exists('turntime', $this->raw)){
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return [
+            self::TURNTIME_FULL_MS => function ($turntime) {
                return $turntime;
            },
            self::TURNTIME_FULL => function ($turntime) {
@@ -83,21 +73,8 @@ abstract class GeneralBase
            self::TURNTIME_HM => function ($turntime) {
                return substr($turntime, 11, 5);
            },
-        ][$short]($formattedTurnTime);
-    }
-
-    function getTurnTick(): ?int
-    {
-        if (!key_exists('turntime', $this->raw)) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        $rawTurnTime = $this->getVar('turntime');
-        if (is_string($rawTurnTime) && !ctype_digit(ltrim($rawTurnTime, '-'))) {
-            $clock = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), 'game_env'));
-            return $clock->dateTimeToTick(new \DateTimeImmutable($rawTurnTime));
-        }
-        return Util::toInt($rawTurnTime);
-    }
+        ][$short]($this->getVar('turntime'));
+    }

    function getNPCType(): int
    {
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class RandomNameGeneral extends AbsGeneralPool{
            'generalName'=>$generalName,
            'imgsvr'=>0,
            'picture'=>null
-        ], PHP_INT_MAX);
+        ], '9999-12-31 12:00:00');
    }

    static public function pickGeneralFromPool(MeekroDB $db, RandUtil $rng, int $owner, int $pickCnt, ?string $prefix = null): array
@@ -68,25 +68,26 @@ class RandomNameGeneral extends AbsGeneralPool{
        $result = [];
        $dbInsert = [];

+        $oNow = new \DateTimeImmutable();
+
+
        for($i=0;$i<$pickCnt;$i++){
            $result[] = static::pickGeneral1FromPool($db, $rng, $owner, $prefix);
        }

        if($owner){
-            $gameStor = \sammo\KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env');
-            $clock = \sammo\GameClock::fromStorage($gameStor);
-            $now = $clock->nowTick();
+            $now = $oNow->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
            $db->delete('select_pool', [
                'reserved_until'=>null,
                'owner'=>null,
            ],'(reserved_until < %s OR reserved_until IS NULL) AND general_id IS null', $now);
-            $validUntil = $now + $clock->ticksFromSeconds(30);
+            $validUntil = $oNow->add(new \DateInterval(sprintf('PT%dS', 30)));
            foreach($result as $pickedGeneral){
                $dbInsert[] = [
                    'owner'=>$owner,
                    'uniqueName'=>$pickedGeneral->getUniqueName(),
                    'info'=>$pickedGeneral->getInfo(),
-                    'reserved_until'=>$validUntil
+                    'reserved_until'=>$validUntil->format(('Y-m-d H:i:s'))
                ];
            }
            $db->insert('select_pool', $dbInsert);
@@ -98,4 +99,4 @@ class RandomNameGeneral extends AbsGeneralPool{
    public static function initPool(\MeekroDB $db){
        //do Nothing
    }
-}
+}
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class SPoolUnderU100 extends AbsFromUserPool
    private const STAT_BONUS_MAX_TOTAL = 190;
    private const STAT_BONUS_MAX_MULTIPLIER = 1.5;

-    public function __construct(\MeekroDB $db, RandUtil $rng, array $info, int $validUntil)
+    public function __construct(\MeekroDB $db, RandUtil $rng, array $info, string $validUntil)
    {
        $targetInfo = $info;
        $initialInfo = $info;
@@ -104,7 +104,6 @@ class Message

    public static function buildFromArray(array $row) : Message
    {
-        $clock = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), 'game_env'));
        $dbMessage = Json::decode($row['message']);

        $msgType = MessageType::from($row['type']);
@@ -117,8 +116,8 @@ class Message
            $src,
            $dest,
            $dbMessage['text'],
-            \DateTime::createFromImmutable($clock->tickToDateTime(Util::toInt($row['time']))),
-            \DateTime::createFromImmutable($clock->tickToDateTime(Util::toInt($row['valid_until']))),
+            new \DateTime($row['time']),
+            new \DateTime($row['valid_until']),
            $option
        ];

@@ -152,12 +151,9 @@ class Message
    public static function getMessageByID(int $messageID) : ?Message
    {
        $db = DB::db();
-        $clock = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env'));
-        $row = $db->queryFirstRow(
-            'SELECT * FROM `message` WHERE `id` = %i AND valid_until > %i',
-            $messageID,
-            $clock->nowTick(),
-        );
+        $now = new \DateTime();
+        $row = $db->queryFirstRow('SELECT * FROM `message` WHERE `id` = %i AND valid_until', $messageID);
+        //FIXME: $now가 들어가야 하는데 안 들어가있는데?
        if (!$row) {
            return null;
        }
@@ -175,12 +171,12 @@ class Message
    {
        $db = DB::db();

-        $date = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env'))->nowTick();
+        $date = (new \DateTime())->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');

        $where = new \WhereClause('and');
        $where->add('mailbox = %i', $mailbox);
        $where->add('type = %s', $msgType->value);
-        $where->add('valid_until > %i', $date);
+        $where->add('valid_until > %s', $date);
        if ($fromSeq > 0) {
            $where->add('id >= %i', $fromSeq);
        }
@@ -207,12 +203,12 @@ class Message
    {
        $db = DB::db();

-        $date = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env'))->nowTick();
+        $date = (new \DateTime())->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');

        $where = new \WhereClause('and');
        $where->add('mailbox = %i', $mailbox);
        $where->add('type = %s', $msgType->value);
-        $where->add('valid_until > %i', $date);
+        $where->add('valid_until > %s', $date);
        $where->add('id < %i', $toSeq);

        if ($limit > 0) {
@@ -240,8 +236,7 @@ class Message
            return '시스템 외교 메시지는 삭제할 수 없습니다.';
        }

-        $clock = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage(DB::db(), 'game_env'));
-        $prev5min = \DateTime::createFromImmutable($clock->tickToDateTime($clock->nowTick()));
+        $prev5min = new \DateTime();
        $prev5min->sub(new \DateInterval('PT5M'));

        if($msgObj->date < $prev5min){
@@ -270,15 +265,14 @@ class Message

        }

-        $now = \DateTime::createFromImmutable($clock->tickToDateTime($clock->nowTick()));
-        $in1min = clone $now;
+        $in1min = new \DateTime();
        $in1min->add(new \DateInterval('PT1M'));
        $newMsg = new Message(
            $msgObj->msgType,
            $msgObj->src,
            $msgObj->dest,
            "req_del_msg",
-            $now,
+            new \DateTime(),
            $in1min,
            $msgOption
        );
@@ -306,23 +300,13 @@ class Message


        $db = DB::db();
-        $clock = GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env'));
-        $timeTick = $clock->nowTick();
-        if (Util::toInt($this->validUntil->format('Y')) >= 9000) {
-            $validUntilTick = GameClock::MAX_SAFE_TICK;
-        } else {
-            $validitySeconds = $this->validUntil->getTimestamp() - $this->date->getTimestamp();
-            $validUntilTick = $timeTick + $clock->ticksFromSeconds($validitySeconds);
-        }
-        $this->date = \DateTime::createFromImmutable($clock->tickToDateTime($timeTick));
-        $this->validUntil = \DateTime::createFromImmutable($clock->tickToDateTime($validUntilTick));
        $db->insert('message', [
            'mailbox' => $mailbox,
            'type' => $this->msgType->value,
            'src' => $src_id,
            'dest' => $dest_id,
-            'time' => $timeTick,
-            'valid_until' => $validUntilTick,
+            'time' => $this->date->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
+            'valid_until' => $this->validUntil->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
            'message' => Json::encode([
                'src'=>($this->src)?($this->src->toArray()):[],
                'dest'=>($this->dest)?($this->dest->toArray()):[],
@@ -505,8 +489,7 @@ class Message
                'text' => $this->msg,
                'option' => $this->msgOption
            ]),
-            'valid_until'=>GameClock::fromStorage(KVStorage::getStorage($db, 'game_env'))
-                ->dateTimeToTick($this->validUntil),
+            'valid_until'=>$this->validUntil->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
        ], 'id=%i', $this->id);

    }
@@ -245,35 +245,21 @@ class ResetHelper{
            true
        );

-        $requestedTime = new \DateTimeImmutable($turntime);
-        if($sync == 0) {
-            // 현재 시간을 1월로 맞춤
-            $baseTime = new \DateTimeImmutable(cutTurnDateTime($turntime, $turnterm));
-            $month = 1;
-            $year = $startyear;
-        } else {
-            // 현재 시간과 동기화
-            [$baseTimeString, $yearPulled, $month] = cutDay($turntime, $turnterm);
-            $baseTime = new \DateTimeImmutable($baseTimeString);
+        if($sync == 0) {
+            // 현재 시간을 1월로 맞춤
+            $starttime = cutTurn($turntime, $turnterm);
+            $month = 1;
+            $year = $startyear;
+        } else {
+            // 현재 시간과 동기화
+            [$starttime, $yearPulled, $month] = cutDay($turntime, $turnterm);
            if($yearPulled){
                $year = $startyear-1;
            }
            else{
                $year = $startyear;
            }
-        }
-
-        $wallNow = GameClock::readWallTime();
-        $initialClock = new GameClock(
-            $baseTime,
-            $turnterm,
-            0,
-            GameClock::MODE_REALTIME,
-            $wallNow,
-            fn (): \DateTimeImmutable => $wallNow,
-        );
-        $requestedTick = $initialClock->dateTimeToTick($requestedTime);
-        $currentTick = $initialClock->dateTimeToTick($wallNow);
+        }

        $killturn = 4800 / $turnterm;
        if($npcmode == 1) { $killturn = intdiv($killturn, 3); }
@@ -297,14 +283,10 @@ class ResetHelper{
            'maxnation'=>GameConst::$defaultMaxNation,
            'refreshLimit'=>30000,
            'develcost'=>$develcost,
-            'turntime'=>$requestedTick,
-            'starttime'=>0,
-            'opentime'=>$requestedTick,
-            'turnterm'=>$turnterm,
-            'clock_base_time'=>TimeUtil::format($baseTime, true),
-            'clock_tick'=>$currentTick,
-            'clock_mode'=>GameClock::MODE_REALTIME,
-            'clock_wall_anchor'=>TimeUtil::format($wallNow, true),
+            'turntime'=>$turntime,
+            'starttime'=>$starttime,
+            'opentime'=>$turntime,
+            'turnterm'=>$turnterm,
            'killturn'=>$killturn,
            'genius'=>GameConst::$defaultMaxGenius,
            'show_img_level'=>$show_img_level,
@@ -326,7 +308,7 @@ class ResetHelper{
                'name'=>$admin['name'],
                'picture'=>$admin['picture'],
                'imgsvr'=>$admin['imgsvr'],
-                'turntime'=>$requestedTick,
+                'turntime'=>$turntime,
                'killturn'=>9999,
                'crewtype'=>GameUnitConst::DEFAULT_CREWTYPE
            ]);
@@ -362,7 +344,7 @@ class ResetHelper{

        $db->insert('ng_games', [
            'server_id'=>$serverID,
-            'date'=>TimeUtil::format($requestedTime, false),
+            'date'=>$turntime,
            'winner_nation'=>null,
            'map'=>$scenarioObj->getMapTheme(),
            'season'=>$seasonIdx,
@@ -386,4 +368,4 @@ class ResetHelper{
            'result'=>true
        ];
    }
-}
+}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Hide_D	10c4814f34	Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/devel' into compare/scenario-effects	2026-07-30 18:38:44 +00:00
Hide_D	fe221a7bd9	test(compare): trace scenario action effects	2026-07-30 18:38:35 +00:00
Hide_D	8cdc9c9b84	compare: trace nation betting user lifecycle	2026-07-27 11:08:24 +00:00
Hide_D	df189f4408	compare: trace NPC nation support lifecycle	2026-07-27 11:02:08 +00:00
Hide_D	47fa7885c5	compare: trace invader lifecycle across months	2026-07-27 10:48:40 +00:00
Hide_D	004dbb39b4	compare: add staged tax rate fixtures	2026-07-27 10:07:34 +00:00
Hide_D	cd94c15137	compare: configure scenario static events	2026-07-27 09:49:51 +00:00
Hide_D	eeb965353e	compare: trace scenario 911 troop join event	2026-07-27 09:36:48 +00:00
Hide_D	6dd09bd4b4	compare: project general ownership presence	2026-07-27 09:09:40 +00:00
Hide_D	a73189a604	compare: trace monthly disaster snapshots	2026-07-27 00:34:17 +00:00
Hide_D	4341341a07	compare: run optional general turn lifecycle	2026-07-26 23:30:25 +00:00
Hide_D	4b82f0b35c	compare: preserve ordered conflict fixtures	2026-07-26 23:09:26 +00:00
Hide_D	b417e117ad	compare: expose active action inheritance points	2026-07-26 21:49:35 +00:00
Hide_D	85e435e99d	compare: expose disband membership fields	2026-07-26 20:12:13 +00:00
Hide_D	e48c13a92f	compare: expose founding cooldown field	2026-07-26 17:26:57 +00:00
Hide_D	4495f0c06e	compare: expose status transition fields	2026-07-26 17:03:53 +00:00
Hide_D	312711b7ed	compare: expose officer city in turn snapshots	2026-07-26 15:14:49 +00:00
Hide_D	3e8c18b8d3	compare: expose canonical history logs	2026-07-26 13:09:37 +00:00
Hide_D	fb0f768f2c	compare: expose world killturn in turn snapshots	2026-07-26 12:54:05 +00:00
Hide_D	5fc230d89b	compare: align isolated rank nation fixtures	2026-07-26 12:51:10 +00:00
Hide_D	5fd1a6c752	compare: require matching args for multistep completion	2026-07-26 12:34:49 +00:00
Hide_D	76a5ea273a	compare: observe nation history in turn snapshots	2026-07-26 12:04:55 +00:00
Hide_D	3d0a5a4be8	merge: observe betrayal in turn traces	2026-07-26 10:25:49 +00:00
Hide_D	23309113ec	test: observe betrayal in turn traces	2026-07-26 10:25:41 +00:00
Hide_D	1a1bc541f5	merge: clone fixture general rank data	2026-07-26 09:46:12 +00:00
Hide_D	20060a89fd	test: clone fixture general rank data	2026-07-26 09:45:57 +00:00
Hide_D	24f788d1a0	merge: observe selected diplomacy pairs	2026-07-26 09:30:30 +00:00
Hide_D	813957479d	test: observe selected diplomacy pairs	2026-07-26 09:30:21 +00:00
Hide_D	cdf58c54e0	merge: create missing fixture generals	2026-07-26 08:52:43 +00:00
Hide_D	6399134380	test: create missing fixture generals	2026-07-26 08:52:26 +00:00
Hide_D	eb49e6f8ff	merge: expose nation command cooldowns	2026-07-26 08:49:50 +00:00
Hide_D	ef855eb2cc	test: expose nation command cooldowns	2026-07-26 08:49:41 +00:00
Hide_D	c970e6586d	test: expose random capital city metadata	2026-07-26 07:58:49 +00:00
Hide_D	6eaa529048	merge: compare best-general rank data	2026-07-26 06:05:12 +00:00
Hide_D	fe39241a90	test: compare general rank data state	2026-07-26 06:05:06 +00:00
Hide_D	d936d93be8	merge: trace general command cooldown state	2026-07-26 04:55:23 +00:00
Hide_D	89127c0258	Trace general command cooldown state	2026-07-26 04:55:17 +00:00
Hide_D	57aa07453e	merge: trace instant diplomacy responses	2026-07-26 03:11:09 +00:00
Hide_D	0722f6ab5e	Add instant diplomacy response traces	2026-07-26 03:10:50 +00:00
Hide_D	b9c51da782	merge: observe generated nation command generals	2026-07-26 02:29:03 +00:00
Hide_D	c290404e42	test: observe generated nation command generals	2026-07-26 02:28:48 +00:00
Hide_D	cc0f965cb4	merge: project nation strategy limit	2026-07-26 01:55:01 +00:00
Hide_D	64736d194e	test: project nation strategy limit	2026-07-26 01:54:32 +00:00
Hide_D	963b04e8b0	merge: project nation receive-assist state	2026-07-26 01:44:38 +00:00
Hide_D	e58ffab2a2	test: project nation receive-assist state	2026-07-26 01:44:22 +00:00
Hide_D	de29e2e157	merge: support multi-turn nation command traces	2026-07-26 01:28:27 +00:00
Hide_D	7aa1b1889c	test: support multi-turn nation command traces	2026-07-26 01:28:15 +00:00
Hide_D	618cfe5720	Merge general command comparison fixtures	2026-07-26 01:05:44 +00:00
Hide_D	a8cecf8ec2	test: extend general command comparison fixtures	2026-07-26 01:05:30 +00:00
Hide_D	d858c64a3c	merge: expand turn command fixture controls	2026-07-26 00:11:00 +00:00
Hide_D	f49b1d26a5	test: expand turn command fixture controls	2026-07-26 00:10:47 +00:00
Hide_D	92e5f2472d	merge: add aggregate monthly boundary trace	2026-07-25 23:43:09 +00:00
Hide_D	11144f1f88	test: add aggregate monthly boundary trace	2026-07-25 23:43:03 +00:00
Hide_D	34c9a9b53e	merge: trace core monthly event actions	2026-07-25 22:47:42 +00:00
Hide_D	84d9cf9eb4	test(compare): trace core monthly event actions	2026-07-25 22:47:35 +00:00
Hide_D	8a4cc5df21	merge: trace monthly post tail effects	2026-07-25 22:33:50 +00:00
Hide_D	df0b8ccebe	test(compare): trace monthly post tail effects	2026-07-25 22:33:41 +00:00
Hide_D	ac47bc58bd	merge: add monthly wander comparison trace	2026-07-25 22:21:01 +00:00
Hide_D	570ef6f005	test(compare): trace monthly wander disband	2026-07-25 22:20:55 +00:00
Hide_D	7eecde62fa	merge: add monthly diplomacy comparison trace	2026-07-25 22:08:19 +00:00
Hide_D	4e0e5c9cd7	test(compare): trace monthly diplomacy transitions	2026-07-25 22:08:08 +00:00
Hide_D	18abcde0d5	merge: add monthly nation statistics trace	2026-07-25 21:57:21 +00:00
Hide_D	6176b64c28	test(compare): trace monthly nation statistics	2026-07-25 21:57:10 +00:00
Hide_D	3bae1157b6	merge: add monthly pre-update comparison trace	2026-07-25 21:36:49 +00:00
Hide_D	5a51ad5699	test(compare): trace monthly pre-update boundary	2026-07-25 21:36:26 +00:00
Hide_D	312d20269c	merge: trace remaining monthly event actions	2026-07-25 21:19:49 +00:00
Hide_D	178d6f042b	test: trace monthly unique and inheritance actions	2026-07-25 21:15:35 +00:00
Hide_D	3352b64d0f	merge: trace monthly speciality and betrayal actions	2026-07-25 20:55:59 +00:00
Hide_D	e7d86a16d5	test: trace monthly speciality and betrayal actions	2026-07-25 20:55:40 +00:00
Hide_D	820c25d8dc	merge: trace monthly scout policy actions	2026-07-25 20:28:43 +00:00
Hide_D	f2dcb4d4d1	test: trace monthly scout policy actions	2026-07-25 20:28:33 +00:00
Hide_D	de357cfe95	merge: trace nation betting lifecycle	2026-07-25 20:16:41 +00:00
Hide_D	0f333f8c96	Add nation betting comparison fixtures	2026-07-25 20:16:24 +00:00
Hide_D	93e8adadac	merge: trace city changes and NPC troop leaders	2026-07-25 19:50:02 +00:00
Hide_D	8f98626075	test(compare): trace city changes and NPC troop leaders	2026-07-25 19:47:36 +00:00
Hide_D	a321eb1362	merge: trace monthly invader lifecycle	2026-07-25 19:20:19 +00:00
Hide_D	1a17fad0a5	test: trace monthly invader lifecycle	2026-07-25 19:19:56 +00:00
Hide_D	c74efbb372	merge: trace RaiseNPCNation monthly action	2026-07-25 18:56:46 +00:00
Hide_D	66f79ca5d2	test: trace monthly NPC nation creation	2026-07-25 18:56:40 +00:00
Hide_D	f42f844f17	merge: trace monthly NPC registration	2026-07-25 18:40:21 +00:00
Hide_D	aee98e15d7	test: trace monthly NPC registration	2026-07-25 18:40:12 +00:00
Hide_D	0936dabc9e	merge: add CreateManyNPC comparison fixture	2026-07-25 18:16:11 +00:00
Hide_D	39b209caf0	test(compare): trace CreateManyNPC monthly action	2026-07-25 18:15:27 +00:00
Hide_D	07867b3aaf	merge: add CreateAdminNPC no-op comparison fixture	2026-07-25 17:50:27 +00:00
Hide_D	de1f74cb44	Add CreateAdminNPC no-op comparison fixture	2026-07-25 17:50:21 +00:00
Hide_D	65c97107c6	merge: add monthly war income comparison fixture	2026-07-25 17:45:43 +00:00
Hide_D	d796eda13c	Add monthly war income comparison fixture	2026-07-25 17:45:38 +00:00
Hide_D	2a9029470f	merge: add semi-annual monthly comparison fixture	2026-07-25 17:35:40 +00:00
Hide_D	254364bab8	Add semi-annual monthly comparison fixture	2026-07-25 17:35:30 +00:00
Hide_D	0319410ade	merge: add nation level monthly comparison fixture	2026-07-25 17:20:17 +00:00
Hide_D	6b64f6f8ed	Add nation level monthly comparison fixture	2026-07-25 17:20:09 +00:00
Hide_D	62fcb2e987	merge: add monthly event comparison trace	2026-07-25 16:56:34 +00:00
Hide_D	ff3ef4e4f3	test: add monthly city supply trace	2026-07-25 16:56:26 +00:00
Hide_D	008b0e416c	merge: add full turn command comparison runner	2026-07-25 14:17:50 +00:00
Hide_D	bf96849027	test: execute legacy turn command fixtures	2026-07-25 14:17:25 +00:00
Hide_D	1b035e4a42	merge: add canonical turn fixture setup	2026-07-25 11:20:57 +00:00
Hide_D	47dec60c2b	test: support canonical legacy turn fixtures	2026-07-25 11:20:53 +00:00
Hide_D	c03a28be93	merge: add legacy turn command trace runner	2026-07-25 11:14:28 +00:00
Hide_D	d1ab2b0450	test: trace legacy turn command execution	2026-07-25 11:14:19 +00:00
Hide_D	fe9ae97821	merge: add turn state differential exporter	2026-07-25 09:35:22 +00:00
Hide_D	98e0a676cb	test: export canonical legacy turn snapshots	2026-07-25 09:35:04 +00:00
Hide_D	2bb1387bc4	test: expose legacy trait catalog	2026-07-25 08:05:38 +00:00
Hide_D	af382c541e	test: expose legacy item catalog for comparison	2026-07-25 06:38:54 +00:00
Hide_D	8616a094e5	test: add deterministic battle trace exporter	2026-07-25 05:56:45 +00:00