fix: 투표 UTC wall과 migration 시간대 경계를 고정한다

app/game-api/src/router/vote/index.ts

@@ -394,10 +394,27 @@ export const voteRouter = router({
                 ? await ctx.db.nation.findFirst({ where: { id: general.nationId }, select: { name: true } })
                 : null;
             const nationName = nation?.name ?? '재야';
+            const createdAt = new Date();
 
             await ctx.db.$queryRaw(GamePrisma.sql`
-                INSERT INTO vote_comment (vote_id, general_id, nation_id, general_name, nation_name, text)
-                VALUES (${input.voteId}, ${general.id}, ${general.nationId}, ${general.name}, ${nationName}, ${input.text})
+                INSERT INTO vote_comment (
+                    vote_id,
+                    general_id,
+                    nation_id,
+                    general_name,
+                    nation_name,
+                    text,
+                    created_at
+                )
+                VALUES (
+                    ${input.voteId},
+                    ${general.id},
+                    ${general.nationId},
+                    ${general.name},
+                    ${nationName},
+                    ${input.text},
+                    ${createdAt}
+                )
             `);
 
             return { ok: true };
@@ -430,6 +447,7 @@ export const voteRouter = router({
             if (endAt && endAt < gameTime.now) {
                 throw new TRPCError({ code: 'BAD_REQUEST', message: '종료일이 이미 지났습니다.' });
             }
+            const operationalAt = new Date();
 
             let multipleOptions = input.multipleOptions;
             if (multipleOptions < 0) {
@@ -442,7 +460,7 @@ export const voteRouter = router({
             if (input.closePrevious) {
                 await ctx.db.$queryRaw(GamePrisma.sql`
                     UPDATE vote_poll
-                    SET closed_at = ${gameTime.now}, updated_at = NOW()
+                    SET closed_at = ${gameTime.now}, updated_at = ${operationalAt}
                     WHERE closed_at IS NULL
                 `);
             }
@@ -459,7 +477,9 @@ export const voteRouter = router({
                     start_at,
                     start_tick,
                     end_at,
-                    end_tick
+                    end_tick,
+                    created_at,
+                    updated_at
                 )
                 VALUES (
                     ${input.title},
@@ -472,7 +492,9 @@ export const voteRouter = router({
                     ${gameTime.now},
                     ${gameTime.tick === null ? null : BigInt(gameTime.tick)},
                     ${endAt},
-                    ${toGameTickOrNull(gameTime, endAt)}
+                    ${toGameTickOrNull(gameTime, endAt)},
+                    ${operationalAt},
+                    ${operationalAt}
                 )
             `);
 
@@ -547,6 +569,7 @@ export const voteRouter = router({
             if (endAt && endAt < gameTime.now) {
                 throw new TRPCError({ code: 'BAD_REQUEST', message: '종료일이 이미 지났습니다.' });
             }
+            const updatedAt = new Date();
 
             if (
                 input.title === undefined &&
@@ -569,7 +592,7 @@ export const voteRouter = router({
                     reveal_mode = COALESCE(${input.revealMode}, reveal_mode),
                     end_at = ${endAt ?? poll.end_at},
                     end_tick = ${endAt ? toGameTickOrNull(gameTime, endAt) : poll.end_tick},
-                    updated_at = NOW()
+                    updated_at = ${updatedAt}
                 WHERE id = ${input.voteId}
             `);
 
@@ -581,9 +604,11 @@ export const voteRouter = router({
     closePoll: adminProcedure
         .input(z.object({ voteId: z.number().int().positive() }))
         .mutation(async ({ ctx, input }) => {
+            const gameTime = await loadCurrentGameTime(ctx.db);
+            const updatedAt = new Date();
             const rows = await ctx.db.$queryRaw<Array<{ id: number }>>(GamePrisma.sql`
                 UPDATE vote_poll
-                SET closed_at = ${(await loadCurrentGameTime(ctx.db)).now}, updated_at = NOW()
+                SET closed_at = ${gameTime.now}, updated_at = ${updatedAt}
                 WHERE id = ${input.voteId}
                 RETURNING id
             `);

app/game-api/test/inputEventBoundary.integration.test.ts

@@ -99,6 +99,8 @@ integration('API input event boundary', () => {
             actorUserId: 'user-7',
             attempts: 1,
         });
+        expect(event.processingAt).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+        expect(Math.abs(event.createdAt.getTime() - (event.processingAt?.getTime() ?? 0))).toBeLessThan(1_000);
         expect(marker.status).toBe('PENDING');
     });
 
@@ -254,7 +256,12 @@ integration('API input event boundary', () => {
     it('reuses the same engine child event but rejects a changed retry payload', async () => {
         const transport = new DatabaseTurnDaemonTransport(db, 100);
         const requestId = 'integration:api:engine-child';
+        const acceptedWindowStart = Date.now();
         await transport.sendCommand({ type: 'vacation', requestId, generalId: 7 });
+        const acceptedWindowEnd = Date.now();
+        const event = await db.inputEvent.findUniqueOrThrow({ where: { requestId } });
+        expect(event.createdAt.getTime()).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(acceptedWindowStart);
+        expect(event.createdAt.getTime()).toBeLessThanOrEqual(acceptedWindowEnd);
         await expect(transport.sendCommand({ type: 'vacation', requestId, generalId: 7 })).resolves.toBe(requestId);
         await expect(transport.sendCommand({ type: 'vacation', requestId, generalId: 8 })).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(
             ConflictingTurnDaemonCommandError

app/game-api/test/voteCommentTimestamp.integration.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+
+import type { GameSessionTokenPayload } from '@sammo-ts/common/auth/gameToken';
+import { createGamePostgresConnector, type GamePrismaClient } from '@sammo-ts/infra';
+
+import type { GameApiContext } from '../src/context.js';
+import { appRouter } from '../src/router.js';
+
+const databaseUrl = process.env.INPUT_EVENT_DATABASE_URL;
+const integration = describe.skipIf(!databaseUrl);
+const fixtureId = 9_984_241;
+const fallbackPollId = fixtureId + 1;
+const fixtureUserId = 'vote-comment-timestamp-user';
+const routeText = '설문 댓글 UTC writer 검증';
+const fallbackText = '설문 댓글 UTC default 검증';
+
+const auth: GameSessionTokenPayload = {
+    version: 1,
+    profile: 'che:vote-comment-timestamp',
+    issuedAt: '2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z',
+    expiresAt: '2027-08-24T00:00:00.000Z',
+    sessionId: 'vote-comment-timestamp-session',
+    user: {
+        id: fixtureUserId,
+        username: fixtureUserId,
+        displayName: fixtureUserId,
+        roles: [],
+    },
+    sanctions: {},
+};
+
+integration('vote comment operational timestamp', () => {
+    let db: GamePrismaClient;
+    let closeDb: (() => Promise<void>) | undefined;
+
+    const cleanup = async (): Promise<void> => {
+        await db.inputEvent.deleteMany({
+            where: { requestId: { startsWith: 'integration:vote-comment-timestamp' } },
+        });
+        await db.voteComment.deleteMany({ where: { voteId: { in: [fixtureId, fallbackPollId] } } });
+        await db.vote.deleteMany({ where: { voteId: { in: [fixtureId, fallbackPollId] } } });
+        await db.votePoll.deleteMany({ where: { id: { in: [fixtureId, fallbackPollId] } } });
+        await db.general.deleteMany({ where: { id: fixtureId } });
+        await db.nation.deleteMany({ where: { id: fixtureId } });
+    };
+
+    beforeAll(async () => {
+        const connector = createGamePostgresConnector({ url: databaseUrl! });
+        await connector.connect();
+        db = connector.prisma;
+        closeDb = () => connector.disconnect();
+        await cleanup();
+        await db.nation.create({ data: { id: fixtureId, name: '시각국', color: '#123456' } });
+        await db.general.create({
+            data: {
+                id: fixtureId,
+                userId: fixtureUserId,
+                name: '시각장수',
+                nationId: fixtureId,
+                turnTime: new Date('0200-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
+            },
+        });
+        await db.votePoll.create({
+            data: {
+                id: fixtureId,
+                title: '시각 설문',
+                options: ['찬성', '반대'],
+                multipleOptions: 1,
+                revealMode: 'after_vote',
+                openerGeneralId: fixtureId,
+                openerName: '시각장수',
+                startAt: new Date('0200-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
+            },
+        });
+    });
+
+    afterAll(async () => {
+        await cleanup();
+        await closeDb?.();
+    });
+
+    it('stores current writers and rollback-compatible vote defaults as UTC wall time in KST', async () => {
+        const [session] = await db.$queryRaw<Array<{ timeZone: string }>>`
+            SELECT current_setting('TIMEZONE') AS "timeZone"
+        `;
+        expect(session?.timeZone).toBe('Asia/Seoul');
+
+        const routeWindowStart = Date.now();
+        const caller = appRouter.createCaller({
+            requestId: 'integration:vote-comment-timestamp',
+            db,
+            auth,
+            profile: { id: 'che', scenario: 'vote-comment-timestamp', name: 'che:vote-comment-timestamp' },
+            turnDaemon: {},
+        } as unknown as GameApiContext);
+        await expect(caller.vote.addComment({ voteId: fixtureId, text: routeText })).resolves.toEqual({ ok: true });
+        const routeWindowEnd = Date.now();
+
+        const fallbackWindowStart = Date.now();
+        await db.$executeRaw`
+            INSERT INTO "vote_comment" (
+                "vote_id",
+                "general_id",
+                "nation_id",
+                "general_name",
+                "nation_name",
+                "text"
+            )
+            VALUES (
+                ${fixtureId},
+                ${fixtureId},
+                ${fixtureId},
+                '시각장수',
+                '시각국',
+                ${fallbackText}
+            )
+        `;
+        const fallbackWindowEnd = Date.now();
+
+        const pollFallbackWindowStart = Date.now();
+        await db.$executeRaw`
+            INSERT INTO "vote_poll" (
+                "id",
+                "title",
+                "body",
+                "options",
+                "multiple_options",
+                "reveal_mode",
+                "opener_general_id",
+                "opener_name",
+                "start_at"
+            )
+            VALUES (
+                ${fallbackPollId},
+                '이전 writer 기본값 설문',
+                '',
+                '["찬성", "반대"]'::jsonb,
+                1,
+                'after_vote',
+                ${fixtureId},
+                '시각장수',
+                ${new Date('0200-01-01T00:00:00.000Z')}
+            )
+        `;
+        const pollFallbackWindowEnd = Date.now();
+
+        const voteFallbackWindowStart = Date.now();
+        await db.$executeRaw`
+            INSERT INTO "vote" ("vote_id", "general_id", "nation_id", "selection")
+            VALUES (${fixtureId}, ${fixtureId}, ${fixtureId}, '[0]'::jsonb)
+        `;
+        const voteFallbackWindowEnd = Date.now();
+
+        const rows = await db.voteComment.findMany({
+            where: { voteId: fixtureId },
+            select: { text: true, createdAt: true },
+        });
+        const routeRow = rows.find((row) => row.text === routeText);
+        const fallbackRow = rows.find((row) => row.text === fallbackText);
+        expect(routeRow?.createdAt.getTime()).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(routeWindowStart);
+        expect(routeRow?.createdAt.getTime()).toBeLessThanOrEqual(routeWindowEnd);
+        expect(fallbackRow?.createdAt.getTime()).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(fallbackWindowStart);
+        expect(fallbackRow?.createdAt.getTime()).toBeLessThanOrEqual(fallbackWindowEnd);
+
+        const fallbackPoll = await db.votePoll.findUniqueOrThrow({ where: { id: fallbackPollId } });
+        expect(fallbackPoll.createdAt.getTime()).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(pollFallbackWindowStart);
+        expect(fallbackPoll.createdAt.getTime()).toBeLessThanOrEqual(pollFallbackWindowEnd);
+        expect(fallbackPoll.updatedAt.getTime()).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(pollFallbackWindowStart);
+        expect(fallbackPoll.updatedAt.getTime()).toBeLessThanOrEqual(pollFallbackWindowEnd);
+
+        const fallbackVote = await db.vote.findUniqueOrThrow({
+            where: { voteId_generalId: { voteId: fixtureId, generalId: fixtureId } },
+        });
+        expect(fallbackVote.createdAt.getTime()).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(voteFallbackWindowStart);
+        expect(fallbackVote.createdAt.getTime()).toBeLessThanOrEqual(voteFallbackWindowEnd);
+    });
+});

app/game-api/test/voteRouter.test.ts

@@ -130,6 +130,9 @@ const buildContext = (options: {
         if (text.includes('INSERT INTO vote_comment')) {
             return [];
         }
+        if (text.includes('UPDATE vote_poll')) {
+            return [{ id: 1 }];
+        }
         return [];
     });
     const db = {
@@ -289,6 +292,60 @@ describe('vote router actor and permission boundaries', () => {
         expect(insert?.values).not.toContain('관리자 장수');
     });
 
+    it('binds current operational timestamps in every raw SQL vote writer', async () => {
+        const auth = buildAuth(['admin.survey.open']);
+        const fixture = buildContext({ auth });
+        const caller = appRouter.createCaller(fixture.context);
+        const windowStart = Date.now();
+
+        await expect(caller.vote.addComment({ voteId: 1, text: '시각 댓글' })).resolves.toEqual({ ok: true });
+        await expect(
+            caller.vote.createPoll({
+                title: '시각 설문',
+                options: ['찬성', '반대'],
+                revealMode: 'after_vote',
+                closePrevious: true,
+            })
+        ).resolves.toEqual({ ok: true });
+        await expect(caller.vote.updatePoll({ voteId: 1, title: '시각 설문 수정' })).resolves.toEqual({ ok: true });
+        await expect(caller.vote.closePoll({ voteId: 1 })).resolves.toEqual({ ok: true });
+        const windowEnd = Date.now();
+
+        const mutationQueries = fixture.queryRaw.mock.calls
+            .map(([query]) => query)
+            .filter((query) => /INSERT INTO vote_comment|INSERT INTO vote_poll|UPDATE vote_poll/.test(sqlText(query)));
+        const commentInsert = mutationQueries.find((query) => sqlText(query).includes('INSERT INTO vote_comment'));
+        const pollInsert = mutationQueries.find((query) => sqlText(query).includes('INSERT INTO vote_poll'));
+        const pollUpdates = mutationQueries.filter((query) => sqlText(query).includes('UPDATE vote_poll'));
+        const closePreviousUpdate = pollUpdates.find((query) => sqlText(query).includes('WHERE closed_at IS NULL'));
+        const editPollUpdate = pollUpdates.find((query) => sqlText(query).includes('title = COALESCE'));
+        const closePollUpdate = pollUpdates.find((query) => sqlText(query).includes('RETURNING id'));
+        const expectCurrentDateAt = (query: GamePrisma.Sql | undefined, index: number): Date => {
+            expect(query).toBeDefined();
+            const value = query?.values.at(index);
+            expect(value).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+            expect((value as Date).getTime()).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(windowStart);
+            expect((value as Date).getTime()).toBeLessThanOrEqual(windowEnd);
+            return value as Date;
+        };
+
+        expect(sqlText(commentInsert!)).toContain('created_at');
+        expectCurrentDateAt(commentInsert, -1);
+        expect(sqlText(pollInsert!)).toContain('created_at');
+        expect(sqlText(pollInsert!)).toContain('updated_at');
+        const pollCreatedAt = expectCurrentDateAt(pollInsert, -2);
+        const pollUpdatedAt = expectCurrentDateAt(pollInsert, -1);
+        expect(pollUpdatedAt).toBe(pollCreatedAt);
+
+        expect(pollUpdates).toHaveLength(3);
+        expect(sqlText(closePreviousUpdate!)).toContain('updated_at');
+        expect(expectCurrentDateAt(closePreviousUpdate, -1)).toBe(pollCreatedAt);
+        expect(sqlText(editPollUpdate!)).toContain('updated_at');
+        expectCurrentDateAt(editPollUpdate, -2);
+        expect(sqlText(closePollUpdate!)).toContain('updated_at');
+        expectCurrentDateAt(closePollUpdate, -2);
+    });
+
     it('reports the current world develcost as the legacy five-times survey reward', async () => {
         const fixture = buildContext({ metaDevelCost: 30, configConst: { develCost: 0 } });
 

app/game-engine/src/turn/worldCommandHandler.ts

@@ -2479,12 +2479,14 @@ const insertVoteSelection = async (
     if (!ctx.commandDb) {
         return 'missing';
     }
+    const createdAt = new Date();
     const rows = await ctx.commandDb.$queryRaw<Array<{ id: number }>>(GamePrisma.sql`
-        INSERT INTO vote (vote_id, general_id, nation_id, selection)
+        INSERT INTO vote (vote_id, general_id, nation_id, selection, created_at)
         SELECT poll.id,
             ${general.id},
             ${general.nationId},
-            CAST(${JSON.stringify(selection)} AS jsonb)
+            CAST(${JSON.stringify(selection)} AS jsonb),
+            ${createdAt}
         FROM vote_poll poll
         WHERE poll.id = ${command.voteId}
         ON CONFLICT (vote_id, general_id) DO NOTHING

app/game-engine/test/gameCancellation.integration.test.ts

@@ -286,4 +286,37 @@ integration('game cancellation transaction', () => {
             generalMode: 'DELETE',
         });
     });
+
+    it('keeps a native inheritance log inside the cancellation boundary under a KST session', async () => {
+        const text = '신규/복귀 생성으로 포인트 1500 지급';
+        await db.inheritanceLog.deleteMany({ where: { userId, text } });
+        const [session] = await db.$queryRaw<Array<{ timeZone: string }>>`
+            SELECT current_setting('TIMEZONE') AS "timeZone"
+        `;
+        expect(session?.timeZone).toBe('Asia/Seoul');
+
+        const createdAfter = Date.now();
+        const log = await db.inheritanceLog.create({
+            data: { userId, serverId, year: 190, month: 7, text },
+        });
+        const createdBefore = Date.now();
+        expect(log.createdAt.getTime()).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(createdAfter);
+        expect(log.createdAt.getTime()).toBeLessThanOrEqual(createdBefore);
+
+        const result = await cancelGame({
+            cancellationId: 'game-cancellation-kst-default-fixture',
+            databaseUrl: databaseUrl!,
+            cancelledBy: 'admin',
+            reason: 'KST 기본값 경계 검증',
+            historyMode: 'RETAIN_ABANDONED',
+            generalMode: 'RETAIN',
+            earnedPointRetentionPercent: 40,
+            cancelledAt: new Date(createdBefore + 1_000),
+        });
+        expect(result.settlements[userId]).toMatchObject({
+            earnedPoint: 1_790.005,
+            retainedEarnedPoint: 716,
+            finalPoint: 10_716,
+        });
+    });
 });

app/game-engine/test/voteReward.test.ts

@@ -222,11 +222,12 @@ describe('voteReward command', () => {
 
         let voteInserted = false;
         let voteQueryCount = 0;
+        let voteInsertQuery: { strings: readonly string[]; values: readonly unknown[] } | undefined;
         const commandDb = {
             auction: {
                 findMany: async () => [],
             },
-            $queryRaw: async (query: { strings: readonly string[] }) => {
+            $queryRaw: async (query: { strings: readonly string[]; values: readonly unknown[] }) => {
                 voteQueryCount += 1;
                 if (query.strings.join(' ').includes('SELECT options')) {
                     return [
@@ -239,6 +240,7 @@ describe('voteReward command', () => {
                         },
                     ];
                 }
+                voteInsertQuery = query;
                 if (voteInserted) return [];
                 voteInserted = true;
                 return [{ id: 11 }];
@@ -255,12 +257,23 @@ describe('voteReward command', () => {
             acceptedGameTick: 0,
         };
 
+        const writerWindowStart = Date.now();
         const result = await handler.handle(command, { db: commandDb as any });
+        const writerWindowEnd = Date.now();
         expect(result && result.type).toBe('voteReward');
         if (!result || result.type !== 'voteReward' || !result.ok) {
             throw new Error('voteReward result missing');
         }
         expect(result.awardedUnique).toBe(true);
+        expect(voteInsertQuery?.strings.join(' ')).toContain('created_at');
+        expect(
+            voteInsertQuery?.values.filter(
+                (value) =>
+                    value instanceof Date &&
+                    value.getTime() >= writerWindowStart &&
+                    value.getTime() <= writerWindowEnd
+            )
+        ).toHaveLength(1);
 
         const updated = world.getGeneralById(1);
         // ENGINE is the single reward linearization point, so it uses the

app/gateway-api/src/orchestrator/gatewayOrchestrator.ts

@@ -684,6 +684,197 @@ export const buildWorkspaceCommands = (
     return commands;
 };
 
+const PROFILE_MIGRATION_TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Seoul';
+const PROFILE_MIGRATION_TIME_ZONE_OPTION = `-c TimeZone=${PROFILE_MIGRATION_TIME_ZONE}`;
+const PROFILE_MIGRATION_TIME_ZONE_MENTION = /(^|[^A-Z0-9_])timezone(?=$|[^A-Z0-9_])/iu;
+
+const profileMigrationTimeZoneError = (source: string): Error =>
+    new Error(
+        `Profile migration refused: ${source} must not configure a TimeZone other than ${PROFILE_MIGRATION_TIME_ZONE}.`
+    );
+
+const tokenizePostgresOptions = (rawOptions: string, source: string): string[] => {
+    const tokens: string[] = [];
+    let token = '';
+    let quote: "'" | '"' | null = null;
+    let escaping = false;
+
+    for (const character of rawOptions) {
+        if (escaping) {
+            token += character;
+            escaping = false;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (character === '\\') {
+            escaping = true;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (quote) {
+            if (character === quote) quote = null;
+            else token += character;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (character === "'" || character === '"') {
+            quote = character;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (/\s/u.test(character)) {
+            if (token) {
+                tokens.push(token);
+                token = '';
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+        token += character;
+    }
+
+    if (escaping || quote) throw profileMigrationTimeZoneError(source);
+    if (token) tokens.push(token);
+    return tokens;
+};
+
+const readPostgresOptionTimeZones = (rawOptions: string, source: string): string[] => {
+    const tokens = tokenizePostgresOptions(rawOptions, source);
+    const timeZones: string[] = [];
+
+    for (let index = 0; index < tokens.length; index += 1) {
+        const token = tokens[index]!;
+        let setting: string | undefined;
+        if (token === '-c') {
+            setting = tokens[index + 1];
+            index += 1;
+        } else if (token.startsWith('-c') && token.length > 2) {
+            setting = token.slice(2);
+        } else if (token.startsWith('--') && token.length > 2) {
+            setting = token.slice(2);
+        }
+
+        if (!setting) {
+            if (PROFILE_MIGRATION_TIME_ZONE_MENTION.test(token)) throw profileMigrationTimeZoneError(source);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const separator = setting.indexOf('=');
+        const name = separator >= 0 ? setting.slice(0, separator).trim() : setting.trim();
+        if (name.toLowerCase() !== 'timezone') continue;
+        const value = separator >= 0 ? setting.slice(separator + 1).trim() : '';
+        if (!value) throw profileMigrationTimeZoneError(source);
+        timeZones.push(value);
+    }
+
+    if (timeZones.length === 0 && PROFILE_MIGRATION_TIME_ZONE_MENTION.test(rawOptions)) {
+        throw profileMigrationTimeZoneError(source);
+    }
+    return timeZones;
+};
+
+const assertProfileMigrationTimeZone = (timeZone: string, source: string): void => {
+    if (timeZone.trim().toLowerCase() !== PROFILE_MIGRATION_TIME_ZONE.toLowerCase()) {
+        throw profileMigrationTimeZoneError(source);
+    }
+};
+
+const inspectProfileMigrationDatabaseUrl = (
+    profileDatabaseUrl: string
+): { url: URL; optionKeys: string[]; existingOptions: string[]; configuredTimeZones: string[] } => {
+    let url: URL;
+    try {
+        url = new URL(profileDatabaseUrl);
+    } catch {
+        throw new Error('Profile migration refused: DATABASE_URL is not a valid URL.');
+    }
+
+    const optionKeys = [...new Set([...url.searchParams.keys()].filter((key) => key.toLowerCase() === 'options'))];
+    const existingOptions = optionKeys
+        .flatMap((key) => url.searchParams.getAll(key))
+        .map((value) => value.trim())
+        .filter(Boolean);
+    const configuredTimeZones = existingOptions.flatMap((options) =>
+        readPostgresOptionTimeZones(options, 'DATABASE_URL options')
+    );
+    for (const timeZone of configuredTimeZones) {
+        assertProfileMigrationTimeZone(timeZone, 'DATABASE_URL options');
+    }
+    for (const [key, value] of url.searchParams) {
+        if (key.toLowerCase() === 'timezone') assertProfileMigrationTimeZone(value, 'DATABASE_URL');
+    }
+
+    return { url, optionKeys, existingOptions, configuredTimeZones };
+};
+
+const buildProfileMigrationDatabaseUrl = (profileDatabaseUrl: string): string => {
+    const { url, optionKeys, existingOptions, configuredTimeZones } =
+        inspectProfileMigrationDatabaseUrl(profileDatabaseUrl);
+
+    for (const key of optionKeys) url.searchParams.delete(key);
+    if (configuredTimeZones.length === 0) existingOptions.push(PROFILE_MIGRATION_TIME_ZONE_OPTION);
+    url.searchParams.set('options', existingOptions.join(' '));
+    return url.href;
+};
+
+const assertProfileMigrationEnvironmentTimeZone = (env?: Record<string, string>): void => {
+    const pgOptions = env?.PGOPTIONS?.trim();
+    if (pgOptions) {
+        for (const timeZone of readPostgresOptionTimeZones(pgOptions, 'PGOPTIONS')) {
+            assertProfileMigrationTimeZone(timeZone, 'PGOPTIONS');
+        }
+    }
+    const pgTimeZone = env?.PGTZ?.trim();
+    if (pgTimeZone) assertProfileMigrationTimeZone(pgTimeZone, 'PGTZ');
+};
+
+const buildProfileMigrationEnv = (
+    profileDatabaseUrl: string,
+    env?: Record<string, string>
+): Record<string, string> => {
+    assertProfileMigrationEnvironmentTimeZone(env);
+    return { ...(env ?? {}), DATABASE_URL: buildProfileMigrationDatabaseUrl(profileDatabaseUrl) };
+};
+
+const buildProfileMigrationPreflightEnv = (
+    profileDatabaseUrl: string,
+    env?: Record<string, string>
+): Record<string, string> => {
+    inspectProfileMigrationDatabaseUrl(profileDatabaseUrl);
+    assertProfileMigrationEnvironmentTimeZone(env);
+    return { ...(env ?? {}), DATABASE_URL: profileDatabaseUrl };
+};
+
+const PROFILE_MIGRATION_TIME_ZONE_PREFLIGHT = `
+import pg from 'pg';
+const client = new pg.Client({ connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL });
+let connected = false;
+try {
+    await client.connect();
+    connected = true;
+    const result = await client.query("SELECT current_setting('TimeZone') AS timezone");
+    if (result.rows[0]?.timezone !== '${PROFILE_MIGRATION_TIME_ZONE}') {
+        throw new Error('Profile migration refused: database session TimeZone does not match the required migration contract.');
+    }
+} finally {
+    if (connected) await client.end();
+}
+`.trim();
+
+export const buildProfileMigrationPreflightCommand = (
+    workspaceRoot: string,
+    profileDatabaseUrl: string,
+    env?: Record<string, string>
+): BuildCommand => ({
+    command: 'pnpm',
+    args: [
+        '--filter',
+        '@sammo-ts/infra',
+        'exec',
+        'node',
+        '--input-type=module',
+        '--eval',
+        PROFILE_MIGRATION_TIME_ZONE_PREFLIGHT,
+    ],
+    cwd: workspaceRoot,
+    env: buildProfileMigrationPreflightEnv(profileDatabaseUrl, env),
+});
+
 export const buildProfileMigrationCommand = (
     workspaceRoot: string,
     profileDatabaseUrl: string,
@@ -692,7 +883,7 @@ export const buildProfileMigrationCommand = (
     command: 'pnpm',
     args: ['--filter', '@sammo-ts/infra', 'prisma:migrate:deploy:game'],
     cwd: workspaceRoot,
-    env: { ...(env ?? {}), DATABASE_URL: profileDatabaseUrl },
+    env: buildProfileMigrationEnv(profileDatabaseUrl, env),
 });
 
 const mapRuntimeStates = (profileNames: string[], processNames: Map<string, boolean>): ProfileRuntimeSnapshot[] =>
@@ -2269,7 +2460,10 @@ export class GatewayOrchestrator implements GatewayOrchestratorHandle {
         onProgress?: BuildProgressObserver
     ): Promise<Awaited<ReturnType<BuildRunner['run']>>> {
         return this.buildRunner.run(
-            [buildProfileMigrationCommand(workspaceRoot, profileDatabaseUrl, this.processConfig.baseEnv)],
+            [
+                buildProfileMigrationPreflightCommand(workspaceRoot, profileDatabaseUrl, this.processConfig.baseEnv),
+                buildProfileMigrationCommand(workspaceRoot, profileDatabaseUrl, this.processConfig.baseEnv),
+            ],
             onProgress,
             { signal: this.activeOperationAbortSignal }
         );

app/gateway-api/test/orchestratorPlan.test.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import path from 'node:path';
 import {
     buildProfileFrontendCommands,
     buildProfileMigrationCommand,
+    buildProfileMigrationPreflightCommand,
     buildProcessDefinitions,
     buildSharedProfileFrontendCommands,
     buildWorkspaceCommands,
@@ -437,10 +438,89 @@ describe('buildWorkspaceCommands', () => {
             cwd: workspaceRoot,
             env: {
                 NODE_ENV: 'production',
-                DATABASE_URL: databaseUrl,
+                DATABASE_URL: 'postgresql://integration.invalid/sammo?schema=che&options=-c+TimeZone%3DAsia%2FSeoul',
             },
         });
     });
+
+    it('preserves existing non-timezone options and adds the migration KST session', () => {
+        const command = buildProfileMigrationCommand(
+            '/srv/sammo/worktrees/0123456789abcdef',
+            'postgresql://integration.invalid/sammo?schema=che&options=-c%20statement_timeout%3D30000'
+        );
+        const migrationUrl = new URL(command.env?.DATABASE_URL ?? '');
+
+        expect(migrationUrl.searchParams.getAll('options')).toEqual(['-c statement_timeout=30000 -c TimeZone=Asia/Seoul']);
+    });
+
+    it('keeps an already explicit KST migration contract without adding another override', () => {
+        const command = buildProfileMigrationCommand(
+            '/srv/sammo/worktrees/0123456789abcdef',
+            'postgresql://integration.invalid/sammo?schema=che&options=-c%20TimeZone%3DAsia%2FSeoul'
+        );
+        const migrationUrl = new URL(command.env?.DATABASE_URL ?? '');
+
+        expect(migrationUrl.searchParams.getAll('options')).toEqual(['-c TimeZone=Asia/Seoul']);
+    });
+
+    it('fails closed on conflicting or ambiguous migration timezone sources without exposing the URL', () => {
+        const secretUrl =
+            'postgresql://migration:super-secret@integration.invalid/sammo?schema=che&options=-c%20TimeZone%3DUTC';
+
+        for (const build of [
+            () => buildProfileMigrationCommand('/srv/sammo/worktree', secretUrl),
+            () =>
+                buildProfileMigrationCommand(
+                    '/srv/sammo/worktree',
+                    'postgresql://integration.invalid/sammo?schema=che&timezone=UTC'
+                ),
+            () =>
+                buildProfileMigrationCommand('/srv/sammo/worktree', 'postgresql://integration.invalid/sammo', {
+                    PGOPTIONS: '-c statement_timeout=30000 --TimeZone=UTC',
+                }),
+            () =>
+                buildProfileMigrationCommand('/srv/sammo/worktree', 'postgresql://integration.invalid/sammo', {
+                    PGTZ: 'UTC',
+                }),
+            () =>
+                buildProfileMigrationCommand(
+                    '/srv/sammo/worktree',
+                    'postgresql://integration.invalid/sammo?options=--TimeZone%20UTC'
+                ),
+        ]) {
+            let error: unknown;
+            try {
+                build();
+            } catch (caught) {
+                error = caught;
+            }
+            expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(Error);
+            expect((error as Error).message).toContain('Profile migration refused');
+            expect((error as Error).message).not.toContain('super-secret');
+            expect((error as Error).message).not.toContain(secretUrl);
+        }
+    });
+
+    it('checks the unmodified runtime URL before building the separate migration-only URL', () => {
+        const profileDatabaseUrl = 'postgresql://integration.invalid/sammo?schema=che';
+        const preflight = buildProfileMigrationPreflightCommand('/srv/sammo/worktree', profileDatabaseUrl);
+        const migration = buildProfileMigrationCommand('/srv/sammo/worktree', profileDatabaseUrl);
+
+        expect(preflight.args.slice(0, 6)).toEqual([
+            '--filter',
+            '@sammo-ts/infra',
+            'exec',
+            'node',
+            '--input-type=module',
+            '--eval',
+        ]);
+        expect(preflight.args.at(-1)).toContain("current_setting('TimeZone')");
+        expect(preflight.env?.DATABASE_URL).toBe(profileDatabaseUrl);
+        expect(migration.env?.DATABASE_URL).toBe(
+            'postgresql://integration.invalid/sammo?schema=che&options=-c+TimeZone%3DAsia%2FSeoul'
+        );
+        expect(preflight.env?.DATABASE_URL).not.toBe(migration.env?.DATABASE_URL);
+    });
 });
 
 describe('buildProfileFrontendCommands', () => {

app/gateway-api/test/profileDeployOperation.test.ts

@@ -225,12 +225,26 @@ describe('profile DEPLOY operation', () => {
         expect(commandGroups[0]?.[2]?.env).not.toHaveProperty('VITE_GAME_API_URL');
         expect(commandGroups[0]?.[2]?.env).not.toHaveProperty('VITE_GAME_SSE_URL');
         expect(commandGroups[0]?.[2]?.env).not.toHaveProperty('VITE_GAME_PROFILE');
-        expect(commandGroups[1]?.map((command) => command.args)).toEqual([
-            ['--filter', '@sammo-ts/infra', 'prisma:migrate:deploy:game'],
+        expect(commandGroups[1]?.[0]?.args.slice(0, 6)).toEqual([
+            '--filter',
+            '@sammo-ts/infra',
+            'exec',
+            'node',
+            '--input-type=module',
+            '--eval',
+        ]);
+        expect(commandGroups[1]?.[0]?.args.at(-1)).toContain("current_setting('TimeZone')");
+        expect(commandGroups[1]?.[1]?.args).toEqual([
+            '--filter',
+            '@sammo-ts/infra',
+            'prisma:migrate:deploy:game',
         ]);
         expect(commandGroups[1]?.[0]?.env?.DATABASE_URL).toBe(
             'postgresql://user:encoded%23password@integration.invalid/sammo?schema=che'
         );
+        expect(commandGroups[1]?.[1]?.env?.DATABASE_URL).toBe(
+            'postgresql://user:encoded%23password@integration.invalid/sammo?schema=che&options=-c+TimeZone%3DAsia%2FSeoul'
+        );
         expect(startedDefinitions).toHaveLength(backendProcessNames.length);
         for (const definition of startedDefinitions) {
             expect(definition.env?.DATABASE_URL).toBe(

app/gateway-api/test/releaseManifest.test.ts

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ describe('readReleaseManifest', () => {
         await expect(readReleaseManifest(workspaceRoot)).resolves.toMatchObject({
             controllerProtocol: RELEASE_CONTROLLER_PROTOCOL,
             gatewaySchemaHead: '20260823010000_add_web_push_notifications',
-            gameSchemaHead: '20260824070000_game_outbox_utc_wall_timestamps',
+            gameSchemaHead: '20260824080000_vote_utc_wall_timestamps',
         });
     });
 

packages/infra/prisma/game.prisma

@@ -97,12 +97,12 @@ model ReadModelOutbox {
   id          BigInt    @id @default(autoincrement())
   payload     Json
   attempts    Int       @default(0)
-  availableAt DateTime  @default(dbgenerated("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'")) @map("available_at") @db.Timestamp(3)
+  availableAt DateTime  @default(dbgenerated("(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC')")) @map("available_at") @db.Timestamp(3)
   lockedAt    DateTime? @map("locked_at") @db.Timestamp(3)
   lockOwner   String?   @map("lock_owner")
   deliveredAt DateTime? @map("delivered_at") @db.Timestamp(3)
   lastError   String?   @map("last_error")
-  createdAt   DateTime  @default(dbgenerated("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'")) @map("created_at") @db.Timestamp(3)
+  createdAt   DateTime  @default(dbgenerated("(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC')")) @map("created_at") @db.Timestamp(3)
 
   @@index([deliveredAt, availableAt, id], map: "read_model_outbox_delivered_at_available_at_id_idx")
   @@map("read_model_outbox")
@@ -116,12 +116,12 @@ model WebPushOutbox {
   year        Int?
   month       Int?
   attempts    Int       @default(0)
-  availableAt DateTime  @default(dbgenerated("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'")) @map("available_at") @db.Timestamp(3)
+  availableAt DateTime  @default(dbgenerated("(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC')")) @map("available_at") @db.Timestamp(3)
   lockedAt    DateTime? @map("locked_at") @db.Timestamp(3)
   lockOwner   String?   @map("lock_owner")
   deliveredAt DateTime? @map("delivered_at") @db.Timestamp(3)
   lastError   String?   @map("last_error")
-  createdAt   DateTime  @default(dbgenerated("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'")) @map("created_at") @db.Timestamp(3)
+  createdAt   DateTime  @default(dbgenerated("(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC')")) @map("created_at") @db.Timestamp(3)
 
   @@index([deliveredAt, availableAt, id], map: "web_push_outbox_delivered_at_available_at_id_idx")
   @@map("web_push_outbox")
@@ -901,8 +901,8 @@ model VotePoll {
   endAt           DateTime? @map("end_at")
   endTick         BigInt?   @map("end_tick")
   closedAt        DateTime? @map("closed_at")
-  createdAt       DateTime  @default(now()) @map("created_at")
-  updatedAt       DateTime  @updatedAt @map("updated_at")
+  createdAt       DateTime  @default(dbgenerated("(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC')")) @map("created_at") @db.Timestamp(3)
+  updatedAt       DateTime  @default(dbgenerated("(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC')")) @updatedAt @map("updated_at") @db.Timestamp(3)
 
   votes    Vote[]
   comments VoteComment[]
@@ -916,7 +916,7 @@ model Vote {
   generalId Int      @map("general_id")
   nationId  Int      @map("nation_id")
   selection Json
-  createdAt DateTime @default(now()) @map("created_at")
+  createdAt DateTime @default(dbgenerated("(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC')")) @map("created_at") @db.Timestamp(3)
 
   poll VotePoll @relation(fields: [voteId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
 
@@ -933,7 +933,7 @@ model VoteComment {
   generalName String   @map("general_name")
   nationName  String   @map("nation_name")
   text        String
-  createdAt   DateTime @default(now()) @map("created_at")
+  createdAt   DateTime @default(dbgenerated("(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC')")) @map("created_at") @db.Timestamp(3)
 
   poll VotePoll @relation(fields: [voteId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
 

packages/infra/prisma/migrations/20260824080000_vote_utc_wall_timestamps/migration.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+-- Vote mutations use raw SQL to preserve their locked transaction and Ref
+-- ordering. Game connections retain the Ref-compatible Seoul session, so make
+-- timestamp-omitting insert fallbacks safe for older and future writers.
+-- Historical rows are intentionally preserved because
+-- Prisma-seeded UTC values and DB-default Seoul values have no durable
+-- provenance marker that would allow a safe blanket rewrite.
+ALTER TABLE "vote_poll"
+    ALTER COLUMN "created_at" SET DEFAULT (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'),
+    ALTER COLUMN "updated_at" SET DEFAULT (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC');
+
+ALTER TABLE "vote"
+    ALTER COLUMN "created_at" SET DEFAULT (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC');
+
+ALTER TABLE "vote_comment"
+    ALTER COLUMN "created_at" SET DEFAULT (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC');

packages/infra/prisma/migrations/README.md

@@ -35,6 +35,11 @@ chain을 적용하고 두 번째 실행은 `No pending migrations to apply`여
 - `read_model_revision_meta.id=1`의 `coverage_version=0`
 - `diplomacy`, `event`, `log_entry`, `error_log`
 - auction, board, vote, yearbook, archive와 inheritance table
+- `vote_poll.created_at/updated_at`, `vote.created_at`, `vote_comment.created_at`의
+  신규 raw-SQL fallback은 KST game session에서도 UTC wall 값을 기록한다. 현재
+  writer는 JavaScript `Date`를 명시하고, 이전 writer 형태의 column 생략도 새
+  default로 안전해야 한다. 기존 vote timestamp는 Prisma UTC와 raw KST 출처를
+  구분할 표식이 없어 소급 이동하지 않는다.
 - `nation.chief_general_id`
 - `city.trade` nullable, `city.trust` REAL
 - `auction_bid.meta` JSONB NOT NULL
@@ -62,6 +67,26 @@ WebPush `created_at` 보존, 두 pending outbox의 requeue·lease 해제, delive
 보존, target checksum과 이전 DML shape 호환성을 확인합니다. 이전 binary를 별도
 build해 실행하거나 down migration을 제공한다는 뜻은 아닙니다.
 
+운영 release-controller의 게임 migration 명령은 profile runtime URL을 바꾸지
+않고 migration 연결에만 `options=-c TimeZone=Asia/Seoul`을 추가합니다. 이미
+명시된 `DATABASE_URL` option/query, `PGOPTIONS` 또는 `PGTZ`가 다른 timezone을
+요구하면 마지막 옵션으로 덮지 않고 migration 시작 전에 실패합니다. 그 다음
+변경하지 않은 원본 profile URL로 `current_setting('TimeZone')`을 조회해 기존
+writer session이 실제로 `Asia/Seoul`인지 확인한 뒤에만, KST option을 고정한
+별도 URL로 Prisma migration을 실행합니다. 이는 이미 배포된 migration checksum을
+보존하면서 legacy game wall-clock provenance가 다른 과거 시각을 0700 migration이
+잘못 재해석하는 일을 막습니다.
+
+실제 fail-closed 경계는 timezone option이 없는 일회성 UTC-default role URL을
+`PROFILE_MIGRATION_UTC_DATABASE_URL`로 주입하고 다음처럼 재현합니다. 이 URL은
+격리 DB의 disposable role만 사용하며 문서·로그에 값을 남기지 않습니다.
+marker는 `external_fixture`로 등록되어 일반 조건부 runner가 일회성 role을 만들거나
+이 테스트를 실행하지 않으며, 위 URL을 준비한 명시적 실행에서만 활성화됩니다.
+
+```sh
+pnpm --filter @sammo-ts/gateway-api test profileMigrationTimezone.integration.test.ts
+```
+
 ## NPC selection 중복 owner preflight
 
 `20260731000000_add_npc_selection_token`은 `general.user_id` 중복을 발견하면

release-manifest.json

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
     "formatVersion": 1,
     "controllerProtocol": 2,
     "gatewaySchemaHead": "20260823010000_add_web_push_notifications",
-    "gameSchemaHead": "20260824070000_game_outbox_utc_wall_timestamps",
+    "gameSchemaHead": "20260824080000_vote_utc_wall_timestamps",
     "components": ["gateway-api", "gateway-frontend", "release-controller", "game-api", "game-engine", "game-frontend"]
 }