시간 도메인과 정지 중 메시지·베팅 경계 정리

app/game-engine/src/auction/bidder.ts

@@ -60,27 +60,27 @@ export const hasAuctionClosePassed = (
     auction: { closeAt: Date; closeTick: bigint | null },
     now: Date,
     nowTick: number | null
-): boolean =>
-    auction.closeTick !== null && nowTick !== null
-        ? auction.closeTick < BigInt(nowTick)
-        : auction.closeAt.getTime() < now.getTime();
+): boolean => {
+    void now;
+    return auction.closeTick === null || nowTick === null || auction.closeTick < BigInt(nowTick);
+};
 
 export const resolveAuctionBidTiming = (
-    world: Pick<InMemoryTurnWorld, 'dateToGameTick' | 'gameTickToDate'>,
-    processingNow: Date,
-    acceptedGameTick?: number
-): { bidAt: Date; bidTick: number } =>
-    acceptedGameTick === undefined
-        ? { bidAt: processingNow, bidTick: world.dateToGameTick(processingNow) }
-        : { bidAt: world.gameTickToDate(acceptedGameTick), bidTick: acceptedGameTick };
+    world: Pick<InMemoryTurnWorld, 'gameTickToDate'>,
+    processingGameTick: number
+): { bidAt: Date; bidTick: number } => {
+    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(processingGameTick)) {
+        throw new Error('Auction bid requires an authoritative daemon processing game tick.');
+    }
+    return { bidAt: world.gameTickToDate(processingGameTick), bidTick: processingGameTick };
+};
 
 export const hasAuctionBidClosePassed = (
     auction: { closeAt: Date; closeTick: bigint | null },
-    world: Pick<InMemoryTurnWorld, 'dateToGameTick' | 'gameTickToDate'>,
-    processingNow: Date,
-    acceptedGameTick?: number
+    world: Pick<InMemoryTurnWorld, 'gameTickToDate'>,
+    processingGameTick: number
 ): boolean => {
-    const { bidAt, bidTick } = resolveAuctionBidTiming(world, processingNow, acceptedGameTick);
+    const { bidAt, bidTick } = resolveAuctionBidTiming(world, processingGameTick);
     return hasAuctionClosePassed(auction, bidAt, bidTick);
 };
 
@@ -268,15 +268,15 @@ export const createAuctionBidder = async (options: {
                     reason: '경매가 종료되었습니다.',
                 };
             }
-            const processingNow = world.getGameNow(new Date());
             const convertedProcessingTick = Reflect.get(command, 'processingGameTick');
-            const { bidAt, bidTick } = resolveAuctionBidTiming(
-                world,
-                processingNow,
-                typeof convertedProcessingTick === 'number' && Number.isSafeInteger(convertedProcessingTick)
-                    ? convertedProcessingTick
-                    : command.acceptedGameTick
-            );
+            if (typeof convertedProcessingTick !== 'number' || !Number.isSafeInteger(convertedProcessingTick)) {
+                throw new Error('auctionBid requires an authoritative daemon processing game tick.');
+            }
+            const requestedAtWall = Reflect.get(command, 'requestedAtWall');
+            if (!(requestedAtWall instanceof Date) || Number.isNaN(requestedAtWall.getTime())) {
+                throw new Error('auctionBid requires its durable input-event wall occurrence.');
+            }
+            const { bidAt, bidTick } = resolveAuctionBidTiming(world, convertedProcessingTick);
             if (hasAuctionClosePassed(auction, bidAt, bidTick)) {
                 return {
                     type: 'auctionBid',
@@ -510,13 +510,24 @@ export const createAuctionBidder = async (options: {
                 const persistBid = async (tx: GamePrisma.TransactionClient): Promise<void> => {
                     await tx.$executeRaw(
                         GamePrisma.sql`
-                            INSERT INTO auction_bid (auction_id, general_id, amount, event_id, event_at, meta)
+                            INSERT INTO auction_bid (
+                                auction_id,
+                                general_id,
+                                amount,
+                                event_id,
+                                event_at,
+                                occurred_game_tick,
+                                requested_at_wall,
+                                meta
+                            )
                             VALUES (
                                 ${command.auctionId},
                                 ${command.generalId},
                                 ${command.amount},
                                 ${eventId},
                                 ${eventAt},
+                                ${BigInt(bidTick)},
+                                ${requestedAtWall},
                                 ${JSON.stringify({
                                     tryExtendCloseDate: command.tryExtendCloseDate ?? true,
                                     ...(auction.type === 'UNIQUE_ITEM'
@@ -536,7 +547,7 @@ export const createAuctionBidder = async (options: {
                                 close_tick = ${BigInt(world.dateToGameTick(nextCloseAt))},
                                 latest_event_id = ${eventId},
                                 latest_event_at = ${eventAt},
-                                updated_at = ${eventAt}
+                                updated_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'
                             WHERE id = ${command.auctionId}
                               AND status = 'OPEN'
                               AND latest_event_id = ${auction.latestEventId}
@@ -556,7 +567,7 @@ export const createAuctionBidder = async (options: {
                             GamePrisma.sql`
                                 UPDATE inheritance_point
                                 SET value = value - ${morePoint},
-                                    updated_at = ${eventAt}
+                                    updated_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'
                                 WHERE user_id = ${userId}
                                   AND key = 'previous'
                                   AND value >= ${morePoint}
@@ -587,11 +598,16 @@ export const createAuctionBidder = async (options: {
                             await tx.$executeRaw(
                                 GamePrisma.sql`
                                     INSERT INTO inheritance_point (user_id, key, value, updated_at)
-                                    VALUES (${prevUserId}, 'previous', ${highestBid.amount}, ${eventAt})
+                                    VALUES (
+                                        ${prevUserId},
+                                        'previous',
+                                        ${highestBid.amount},
+                                        CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'
+                                    )
                                     ON CONFLICT (user_id, key)
                                     DO UPDATE SET
                                         value = inheritance_point.value + EXCLUDED.value,
-                                        updated_at = EXCLUDED.updated_at
+                                        updated_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'
                                 `
                             );
                             await tx.$executeRaw(
@@ -711,6 +727,7 @@ export const createAuctionBidder = async (options: {
                 ok: true,
                 auctionId: command.auctionId,
                 closeAt: nextCloseAt.toISOString(),
+                closeTick: world.dateToGameTick(nextCloseAt),
             };
         },
         close: async (): Promise<void> => {

app/game-engine/src/auction/finalizer.ts

@@ -91,21 +91,17 @@ export const isAuctionFinalizeGenerationCurrent = (
     auction: Pick<AuctionRow, 'closeAt' | 'closeTick'>,
     command: Pick<Extract<TurnDaemonCommand, { type: 'auctionFinalize' }>, 'expectedCloseAt' | 'expectedCloseTick'>
 ): boolean => {
-    if (command.expectedCloseTick !== undefined) {
-        return auction.closeTick !== null && auction.closeTick === BigInt(command.expectedCloseTick);
-    }
-    if (command.expectedCloseAt !== undefined) {
-        return auction.closeAt.getTime() === new Date(command.expectedCloseAt).getTime();
-    }
-    return true;
+    return auction.closeTick !== null && auction.closeTick === BigInt(command.expectedCloseTick);
 };
 
 export const hasAuctionFinalizeDeadlineArrived = (
     auction: Pick<AuctionRow, 'closeAt' | 'closeTick'>,
     now: Date,
     nowTick: number
-): boolean =>
-    auction.closeTick === null ? auction.closeAt.getTime() <= now.getTime() : auction.closeTick <= BigInt(nowTick);
+): boolean => {
+    void now;
+    return auction.closeTick !== null && auction.closeTick <= BigInt(nowTick);
+};
 
 export const buildAuctionBidderSystemMessage = (options: {
     bidder: TurnGeneral;
@@ -293,7 +289,11 @@ export const createAuctionFinalizer = async (options: {
                 return { type: 'auctionFinalize', ok: true, auctionId };
             }
 
-            const now = world.getGameNow(new Date());
+            const processingGameTick = Reflect.get(command, 'processingGameTick');
+            if (typeof processingGameTick !== 'number' || !Number.isSafeInteger(processingGameTick)) {
+                throw new Error('auctionFinalize requires an authoritative daemon processing game tick.');
+            }
+            const now = world.gameTickToDate(processingGameTick);
             if (auction.status === 'OPEN') {
                 if (!isAuctionFinalizeGenerationCurrent(auction, command)) {
                     return {
@@ -303,8 +303,7 @@ export const createAuctionFinalizer = async (options: {
                         reason: '경매 마감 세대가 변경되었습니다.',
                     };
                 }
-                const nowTick = world.dateToGameTick(now);
-                if (!hasAuctionFinalizeDeadlineArrived(auction, now, nowTick)) {
+                if (!hasAuctionFinalizeDeadlineArrived(auction, now, processingGameTick)) {
                     return {
                         type: 'auctionFinalize',
                         ok: false,
@@ -316,8 +315,8 @@ export const createAuctionFinalizer = async (options: {
                     GamePrisma.sql`
                         UPDATE auction
                         SET status = 'FINALIZING',
-                            finalizing_at = ${now},
-                            updated_at = ${now}
+                            finalizing_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC',
+                            updated_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'
                         WHERE id = ${auctionId}
                           AND status = 'OPEN'
                     `
@@ -364,8 +363,8 @@ export const createAuctionFinalizer = async (options: {
                     GamePrisma.sql`
                         UPDATE auction
                         SET status = ${status},
-                            finished_at = ${now},
-                            updated_at = ${now}
+                            finished_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC',
+                            updated_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'
                         WHERE id = ${auctionId}
                     `
                 );

app/game-engine/src/auction/opener.ts

@@ -94,7 +94,11 @@ const openResourceAuction = async (
         return fail(`기본 ${hostResource === 'rice' ? '쌀' : '금'} ${minimumResource}은 거래할 수 없습니다.`);
     }
 
-    const now = world.getGameNow(new Date());
+    const processingGameTick = Reflect.get(command, 'processingGameTick');
+    if (typeof processingGameTick !== 'number' || !Number.isSafeInteger(processingGameTick)) {
+        throw new Error('auctionOpen requires an authoritative daemon processing game tick.');
+    }
+    const now = world.gameTickToDate(processingGameTick);
     const turnMinutes = Math.max(1, Math.round(world.getState().tickSeconds / 60));
     const closeAt = new Date(now.getTime() + closeTurnCnt * turnMinutes * 60_000);
     const auction = await db.auction.create({
@@ -113,7 +117,7 @@ const openResourceAuction = async (
             },
             status: 'OPEN',
             closeAt,
-            openTick: BigInt(world.dateToGameTick(now)),
+            openTick: BigInt(processingGameTick),
             closeTick: BigInt(world.dateToGameTick(closeAt)),
         },
     });
@@ -125,6 +129,7 @@ const openResourceAuction = async (
         ok: true,
         auctionId: auction.id,
         closeAt: closeAt.toISOString(),
+        closeTick: world.dateToGameTick(closeAt),
     };
 };
 
@@ -220,8 +225,16 @@ const openUniqueAuction = async (
     }
 
     const state = world.getState();
+    const processingGameTick = Reflect.get(command, 'processingGameTick');
+    if (typeof processingGameTick !== 'number' || !Number.isSafeInteger(processingGameTick)) {
+        throw new Error('auctionOpen requires an authoritative daemon processing game tick.');
+    }
+    const requestedAtWall = Reflect.get(command, 'requestedAtWall');
+    if (!(requestedAtWall instanceof Date) || Number.isNaN(requestedAtWall.getTime())) {
+        throw new Error('auctionOpen requires its durable input-event wall occurrence.');
+    }
     const turnMinutes = Math.max(1, Math.round(state.tickSeconds / 60));
-    const now = world.getGameNow(new Date());
+    const now = world.gameTickToDate(processingGameTick);
     const closeMinutes = Math.max(MIN_AUCTION_CLOSE_MINUTES, turnMinutes * COEFF_AUCTION_CLOSE_MINUTES);
     const closeAt = new Date(now.getTime() + closeMinutes * 60_000);
     const extensionLimitMinutes = Math.max(
@@ -253,7 +266,7 @@ const openUniqueAuction = async (
             },
             status: 'OPEN',
             closeAt,
-            openTick: BigInt(world.dateToGameTick(now)),
+            openTick: BigInt(processingGameTick),
             closeTick: BigInt(world.dateToGameTick(closeAt)),
             latestEventId: eventId,
             latestEventAt: now,
@@ -263,6 +276,8 @@ const openUniqueAuction = async (
                     amount: command.amount,
                     eventId,
                     eventAt: now,
+                    occurredGameTick: BigInt(processingGameTick),
+                    requestedAtWall,
                     meta: buildInitialUniqueAuctionBidMeta(alias, command.amount),
                 },
             },
@@ -308,6 +323,7 @@ const openUniqueAuction = async (
         ok: true,
         auctionId: auction.id,
         closeAt: closeAt.toISOString(),
+        closeTick: world.dateToGameTick(closeAt),
     };
 };
 

app/game-engine/src/lifecycle/databaseCommandQueue.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
-import { GamePrisma, type GamePrismaClient } from '@sammo-ts/infra';
+import { performance } from 'node:perf_hooks';
+import { GamePrisma, readInputEventClockCoordinate, type GamePrismaClient } from '@sammo-ts/infra';
 
 import { normalizeTurnDaemonCommand } from '../turn/commandRegistry.js';
 import type {
@@ -10,8 +11,9 @@ import type {
     TurnDaemonStatus,
 } from './types.js';
 
-const asJson = (value: unknown): GamePrisma.InputJsonValue => value as GamePrisma.InputJsonValue;
 const delay = (ms: number): Promise<void> => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
+const serializeResult = (value: unknown): string =>
+    JSON.stringify(value, (_key, item: unknown) => (typeof item === 'bigint' ? item.toString() : item)) ?? 'null';
 
 export class DatabaseTurnDaemonCommandQueue implements TurnDaemonControlQueue, TurnDaemonCommandResponder {
     private readonly localQueue: TurnDaemonCommand[] = [];
@@ -35,8 +37,9 @@ export class DatabaseTurnDaemonCommandQueue implements TurnDaemonControlQueue, T
         return local.concat(remote);
     }
 
-    async waitUntil(deadlineMs: number | null): Promise<TurnDaemonCommand | null> {
-        while (deadlineMs === null || Date.now() < deadlineMs) {
+    async waitFor(timeoutMs: number | null): Promise<TurnDaemonCommand | null> {
+        const deadline = timeoutMs === null ? null : performance.now() + Math.max(0, timeoutMs);
+        while (deadline === null || performance.now() < deadline) {
             const local = this.localQueue.shift();
             if (local) {
                 return local;
@@ -45,7 +48,7 @@ export class DatabaseTurnDaemonCommandQueue implements TurnDaemonControlQueue, T
             if (remote[0]) {
                 return remote[0];
             }
-            const remaining = deadlineMs === null ? 100 : Math.max(1, Math.min(100, deadlineMs - Date.now()));
+            const remaining = deadline === null ? 100 : Math.max(1, Math.min(100, deadline - performance.now()));
             await delay(remaining);
         }
         return null;
@@ -84,35 +87,37 @@ export class DatabaseTurnDaemonCommandQueue implements TurnDaemonControlQueue, T
                 return;
             }
             const terminal = event.attempts >= this.maxAttempts;
-            await transaction.inputEvent.updateMany({
-                where: {
-                    requestId,
-                    target: 'ENGINE',
-                    status: 'PROCESSING',
-                    lockedBy: this.workerId,
-                    attempts: event.attempts,
-                },
-                data: {
-                    status: terminal ? 'FAILED' : 'PENDING',
-                    processingAt: null,
-                    lockedBy: null,
-                    leaseUntil: null,
-                    completedAt: terminal ? new Date() : null,
-                    result: GamePrisma.DbNull,
-                    error: message,
-                },
-            });
+            await transaction.$executeRaw(GamePrisma.sql`
+                UPDATE input_event
+                SET status = ${terminal ? 'FAILED' : 'PENDING'}::"InputEventStatus",
+                    processing_at = NULL,
+                    locked_by = NULL,
+                    lease_until = NULL,
+                    completed_at = CASE
+                        WHEN ${terminal} THEN CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'
+                        ELSE NULL
+                    END,
+                    result = NULL,
+                    error = ${message}
+                WHERE request_id = ${requestId}
+                  AND target = 'ENGINE'::"InputEventTarget"
+                  AND status = 'PROCESSING'::"InputEventStatus"
+                  AND locked_by = ${this.workerId}
+                  AND attempts = ${event.attempts}
+            `);
         });
     }
 
     private async claimPending(limit = 100): Promise<TurnDaemonCommand[]> {
         await this.recoverExpiredLeases();
         return this.db.$transaction(async (transaction) => {
+            const claimCoordinate = await readInputEventClockCoordinate(transaction);
             const world = await transaction.worldState.findFirst({
                 orderBy: { id: 'asc' },
                 select: { clockPhase: true, clockRevision: true, deadlineGeneration: true, clockTick: true },
             });
             const gameplayAllowed = !world || world.clockPhase === 'RUNNING' || world.clockPhase === 'MANUAL';
+            const suspendedTournamentBetCommand = world?.clockPhase === 'SUSPENDED';
             const currentRevision = world?.clockRevision ?? null;
             const rows = await transaction.$queryRaw<
                 Array<{
@@ -141,6 +146,11 @@ export class DatabaseTurnDaemonCommandQueue implements TurnDaemonControlQueue, T
                   AND (
                       ${gameplayAllowed}
                       OR "event_type" = 'getStatus'
+                      OR (
+                          ${suspendedTournamentBetCommand}
+                          AND "event_type" IN ('adjustGeneralResources', 'adjustGeneralMeta')
+                          AND "payload" ->> 'reason' IN ('tournamentBet', 'tournamentBetRollback')
+                      )
                       OR (
                           ${world?.clockPhase === 'SUSPENDED'}
                           AND "event_type" = 'messageRespond'
@@ -148,8 +158,14 @@ export class DatabaseTurnDaemonCommandQueue implements TurnDaemonControlQueue, T
                           AND EXISTS (
                               SELECT 1
                               FROM "message" AS pending_message
+                              JOIN "message_action" AS pending_action
+                                ON pending_action."message_id" = pending_message."id"
                               WHERE pending_message."id" = ("input_event"."payload" ->> 'messageId')::integer
                                 AND pending_message."message" #>> '{option,action}' = 'raiseInvader'
+                                AND pending_action."action_type" = 'raiseInvader'
+                                AND pending_action."status" = 'PENDING'
+                                AND pending_action."clock_revision" = ${currentRevision}
+                                AND pending_action."deadline_generation" = ${world?.deadlineGeneration ?? null}
                           )
                           AND EXISTS (
                               SELECT 1
@@ -175,9 +191,9 @@ export class DatabaseTurnDaemonCommandQueue implements TurnDaemonControlQueue, T
                   })
                 : [];
             const convertTick = (row: (typeof rows)[number]): bigint | null | undefined => {
-                if (row.eventType === 'getStatus') return row.acceptedGameTick;
+                if (row.eventType === 'getStatus') return row.acceptedGameTick ?? claimCoordinate.gameTick;
                 if (row.acceptedGameTick === null || row.acceptedClockRevision === null || currentRevision === null) {
-                    return row.acceptedGameTick ?? world?.clockTick ?? null;
+                    return claimCoordinate.gameTick;
                 }
                 if (row.acceptedClockRevision > currentRevision) return undefined;
                 let revision = row.acceptedClockRevision;
@@ -197,19 +213,25 @@ export class DatabaseTurnDaemonCommandQueue implements TurnDaemonControlQueue, T
                         entry.processingGameTick !== undefined
                 );
             for (const { row, processingGameTick } of processableRows) {
-                await transaction.inputEvent.update({
-                    where: { sequence: row.sequence },
-                    data: {
-                        status: 'PROCESSING',
-                        processingAt: new Date(),
-                        processingGameTick,
-                        processingClockRevision: currentRevision,
-                        processingDeadlineGeneration: world?.deadlineGeneration ?? null,
-                        lockedBy: this.workerId,
-                        leaseUntil: new Date(Date.now() + this.leaseDurationMs),
-                        attempts: { increment: 1 },
-                    },
-                });
+                await transaction.$executeRaw(GamePrisma.sql`
+                    UPDATE input_event
+                    SET status = 'PROCESSING'::"InputEventStatus",
+                        processing_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC',
+                        accepted_game_tick = COALESCE(accepted_game_tick, ${processingGameTick}),
+                        accepted_clock_revision = COALESCE(accepted_clock_revision, ${currentRevision}),
+                        accepted_deadline_generation = COALESCE(
+                            accepted_deadline_generation,
+                            ${world?.deadlineGeneration ?? null}
+                        ),
+                        processing_game_tick = ${processingGameTick},
+                        processing_clock_revision = ${currentRevision},
+                        processing_deadline_generation = ${world?.deadlineGeneration ?? null},
+                        locked_by = ${this.workerId},
+                        lease_until = (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC')
+                            + ${this.leaseDurationMs} * INTERVAL '1 millisecond',
+                        attempts = attempts + 1
+                    WHERE sequence = ${row.sequence}
+                `);
             }
 
             const commands: TurnDaemonCommand[] = [];
@@ -220,39 +242,34 @@ export class DatabaseTurnDaemonCommandQueue implements TurnDaemonControlQueue, T
                     command: row.payload as TurnDaemonCommand,
                 });
                 if (!command) {
-                    await transaction.inputEvent.update({
-                        where: { sequence: row.sequence },
-                        data: {
-                            status: 'FAILED',
-                            error: `Invalid command payload for ${row.eventType}`,
-                            completedAt: new Date(),
-                            lockedBy: null,
-                            leaseUntil: null,
-                        },
-                    });
+                    await transaction.$executeRaw(GamePrisma.sql`
+                        UPDATE input_event
+                        SET status = 'FAILED'::"InputEventStatus",
+                            error = ${`Invalid command payload for ${row.eventType}`},
+                            completed_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC',
+                            locked_by = NULL,
+                            lease_until = NULL
+                        WHERE sequence = ${row.sequence}
+                    `);
                     continue;
                 }
-                if (
-                    processingGameTick !== null &&
-                    row.acceptedGameTick !== null &&
-                    processingGameTick !== row.acceptedGameTick
-                ) {
+                if (processingGameTick !== null) {
                     const value = Number(processingGameTick);
                     if (!Number.isSafeInteger(value)) {
-                        await transaction.inputEvent.update({
-                            where: { sequence: row.sequence },
-                            data: {
-                                status: 'FAILED',
-                                error: 'Converted processing game tick is outside the safe integer range.',
-                                completedAt: new Date(),
-                                lockedBy: null,
-                                leaseUntil: null,
-                            },
-                        });
+                        await transaction.$executeRaw(GamePrisma.sql`
+                            UPDATE input_event
+                            SET status = 'FAILED'::"InputEventStatus",
+                                error = 'Converted processing game tick is outside the safe integer range.',
+                                completed_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC',
+                                locked_by = NULL,
+                                lease_until = NULL
+                            WHERE sequence = ${row.sequence}
+                        `);
                         continue;
                     }
                     Reflect.set(command, 'processingGameTick', value);
                 }
+                Reflect.set(command, 'requestedAtWall', row.createdAt);
                 commands.push(command);
             }
             return commands;
@@ -260,23 +277,20 @@ export class DatabaseTurnDaemonCommandQueue implements TurnDaemonControlQueue, T
     }
 
     private async complete(requestId: string, result: unknown): Promise<void> {
-        const completed = await this.db.inputEvent.updateMany({
-            where: {
-                requestId,
-                target: 'ENGINE',
-                status: 'PROCESSING',
-                lockedBy: this.workerId,
-            },
-            data: {
-                status: 'SUCCEEDED',
-                result: asJson(result),
-                completedAt: new Date(),
-                error: null,
-                lockedBy: null,
-                leaseUntil: null,
-            },
-        });
-        if (completed.count > 0) {
+        const completed = await this.db.$executeRaw(GamePrisma.sql`
+            UPDATE input_event
+            SET status = 'SUCCEEDED'::"InputEventStatus",
+                result = CAST(${serializeResult(result)} AS jsonb),
+                completed_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC',
+                error = NULL,
+                locked_by = NULL,
+                lease_until = NULL
+            WHERE request_id = ${requestId}
+              AND target = 'ENGINE'::"InputEventTarget"
+              AND status = 'PROCESSING'::"InputEventStatus"
+              AND locked_by = ${this.workerId}
+        `);
+        if (completed > 0) {
             return;
         }
         // Database hooks commit mutation results atomically with game state and
@@ -297,19 +311,15 @@ export class DatabaseTurnDaemonCommandQueue implements TurnDaemonControlQueue, T
     }
 
     private async recoverExpiredLeases(): Promise<void> {
-        const now = new Date();
-        await this.db.inputEvent.updateMany({
-            where: {
-                target: 'ENGINE',
-                status: 'PROCESSING',
-                leaseUntil: { lt: now },
-            },
-            data: {
-                status: 'PENDING',
-                processingAt: null,
-                lockedBy: null,
-                leaseUntil: null,
-            },
-        });
+        await this.db.$executeRaw(GamePrisma.sql`
+            UPDATE input_event
+            SET status = 'PENDING'::"InputEventStatus",
+                processing_at = NULL,
+                locked_by = NULL,
+                lease_until = NULL
+            WHERE target = 'ENGINE'::"InputEventTarget"
+              AND status = 'PROCESSING'::"InputEventStatus"
+              AND lease_until < CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'
+        `);
     }
 }

app/game-engine/src/lifecycle/inMemoryControlQueue.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import type { TurnDaemonCommand, TurnDaemonControlQueue } from './types.js';
 
 type Waiter = {
-    deadlineMs: number | null;
+    timeoutMs: number | null;
     resolve: (command: TurnDaemonCommand | null) => void;
     timeoutId?: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>;
 };
@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ export class InMemoryControlQueue implements TurnDaemonControlQueue {
         return drained;
     }
 
-    async waitUntil(deadlineMs: number | null): Promise<TurnDaemonCommand | null> {
+    async waitFor(timeoutMs: number | null): Promise<TurnDaemonCommand | null> {
         if (this.queue.length > 0) {
             return this.queue.shift() ?? null;
         }
         return new Promise((resolve) => {
-            const waiter: Waiter = { deadlineMs, resolve };
-            if (deadlineMs !== null) {
-                const delay = Math.max(0, deadlineMs - Date.now());
+            const waiter: Waiter = { timeoutMs, resolve };
+            if (timeoutMs !== null) {
+                const delay = Math.max(0, timeoutMs);
                 waiter.timeoutId = setTimeout(() => {
                     this.removeWaiter(waiter);
                     resolve(null);

app/game-engine/src/lifecycle/redisCommandStream.ts

@@ -92,14 +92,14 @@ export class RedisTurnDaemonCommandStream implements TurnDaemonControlQueue, Tur
         return drained.concat(remote);
     }
 
-    async waitUntil(deadlineMs: number | null): Promise<TurnDaemonCommand | null> {
+    async waitFor(timeoutMs: number | null): Promise<TurnDaemonCommand | null> {
         if (this.localQueue.length > 0) {
             return this.localQueue.shift() ?? null;
         }
 
-        const blockMs = deadlineMs === null ? 0 : Math.max(0, deadlineMs - Date.now());
-        const cappedBlockMs = deadlineMs === null ? 0 : Math.min(blockMs, 1000);
-        if (deadlineMs !== null && blockMs === 0) {
+        const blockMs = timeoutMs === null ? 0 : Math.max(0, timeoutMs);
+        const cappedBlockMs = timeoutMs === null ? 0 : Math.min(blockMs, 1000);
+        if (timeoutMs !== null && blockMs === 0) {
             return null;
         }
 

app/game-engine/src/lifecycle/turnDaemonLifecycle.ts

@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ export class TurnDaemonLifecycle {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            const command = await this.controlQueue.waitUntil(nowMs + (nextTurnMs - gameNowMs));
+            const command = await this.controlQueue.waitFor(Math.max(0, nextTurnMs - gameNowMs));
             if (command) {
                 await this.handleCommand(command);
             }
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ export class TurnDaemonLifecycle {
     }
 
     private async waitForResume(): Promise<void> {
-        const command = await this.controlQueue.waitUntil(null);
+        const command = await this.controlQueue.waitFor(null);
         if (command) {
             await this.handleCommand(command);
         }

app/game-engine/src/lifecycle/types.ts

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ export interface TurnStateStore {
 export interface TurnDaemonControlQueue {
     enqueue(command: TurnDaemonCommand): void;
     drain(): Promise<TurnDaemonCommand[]>;
-    waitUntil(deadlineMs: number | null): Promise<TurnDaemonCommand | null>;
+    waitFor(timeoutMs: number | null): Promise<TurnDaemonCommand | null>;
     getDepth(): number;
 }
 

app/game-engine/src/turn/actionableMessageResponse.ts

@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ interface MessageRow {
     type: string;
     time: Date;
     validUntil: Date;
+    actionType: string;
+    actionStatus: string;
+    createdGameTick: bigint;
+    expiresGameTick: bigint | null;
     message: unknown;
 }
 
@@ -98,11 +102,16 @@ const invalidateMessageIds = async (
 ): Promise<void> => {
     const uniqueIds = [...new Set(ids.filter((id) => Number.isInteger(id) && id > 0))];
     if (uniqueIds.length === 0) return;
+    const resolvedGameTick = BigInt(world.dateToGameTick(now));
+    await db.messageAction.updateMany({
+        where: { messageId: { in: uniqueIds }, status: 'PENDING' },
+        data: { status: 'RESOLVED', resolvedGameTick },
+    });
     await db.message.updateMany({
         where: { id: { in: uniqueIds } },
         data: {
             validUntil: now,
-            validUntilTick: BigInt(world.dateToGameTick(now)),
+            validUntilTick: resolvedGameTick,
         },
     });
 };
@@ -113,40 +122,53 @@ const validateActor = async (options: {
     requestId?: string;
     userId: string;
     generalId: number;
-}): Promise<Date> => {
+}): Promise<{ processingGameTick: number }> => {
     const actor = options.world.getGeneralById(options.generalId);
     if (!actor || actor.userId !== options.userId) {
         throw new Error('messageRespond general owner does not match command user.');
     }
-    if (!options.requestId) return new Date();
+    if (!options.requestId) {
+        throw new Error('messageRespond requires a durable ENGINE input event requestId.');
+    }
     const event = await options.db.inputEvent.findUnique({
         where: { requestId: options.requestId },
-        select: { actorUserId: true, target: true, eventType: true, createdAt: true },
+        select: { actorUserId: true, target: true, eventType: true, processingGameTick: true },
     });
     if (!event) throw new Error(`ENGINE input event ${options.requestId} is missing.`);
     if (event.actorUserId !== options.userId || event.target !== 'ENGINE' || event.eventType !== 'messageRespond') {
         throw new Error('ENGINE input event actor or type does not match messageRespond.');
     }
-    return event.createdAt;
+    const processingGameTick = event.processingGameTick;
+    if (processingGameTick === null || !Number.isSafeInteger(Number(processingGameTick))) {
+        throw new Error('messageRespond requires an authoritative processing game tick.');
+    }
+    return { processingGameTick: Number(processingGameTick) };
 };
 
 const fetchMessageForUpdate = async (
     db: GamePrisma.TransactionClient,
-    world: InMemoryTurnWorld,
     messageId: number,
-    now: Date
+    currentGameTick: number
 ): Promise<MessageRow | null> => {
-    const currentTick = BigInt(world.dateToGameTick(now));
     const rows = await db.$queryRaw<MessageRow[]>(GamePrisma.sql`
-        SELECT id, mailbox, type, time, valid_until AS "validUntil", message
-        FROM message
-        WHERE id = ${messageId}
-          AND (
-              (valid_until_tick IS NOT NULL AND valid_until_tick > ${currentTick})
-              OR (valid_until_tick IS NULL AND valid_until > ${now})
-          )
+        SELECT
+            envelope.id,
+            envelope.mailbox,
+            envelope.type,
+            envelope.time,
+            envelope.valid_until AS "validUntil",
+            action.action_type AS "actionType",
+            action.status AS "actionStatus",
+            action.created_game_tick AS "createdGameTick",
+            action.expires_game_tick AS "expiresGameTick",
+            envelope.message
+        FROM message AS envelope
+        JOIN message_action AS action ON action.message_id = envelope.id
+        WHERE envelope.id = ${messageId}
+          AND action.status = 'PENDING'
+          AND (action.expires_game_tick IS NULL OR action.expires_game_tick > ${BigInt(currentGameTick)})
         LIMIT 1
-        FOR UPDATE
+        FOR UPDATE OF envelope, action
     `);
     return rows[0] ?? null;
 };
@@ -165,7 +187,7 @@ const respondToScout = async (options: {
     if (row.type !== 'private' || row.mailbox !== actorId || payload.dest.generalId !== actorId) {
         return { ok: false, action: 'scout', reason: '올바른 수신자가 아닙니다.' };
     }
-    if (row.validUntil.getTime() <= row.time.getTime() || isLegacyTruthy(asRecord(payload.option).used)) {
+    if (row.actionStatus !== 'PENDING' || row.actionType !== 'scout' || isLegacyTruthy(asRecord(payload.option).used)) {
         return { ok: false, action: 'scout', reason: '유효하지 않은 등용장입니다.' };
     }
 
@@ -186,18 +208,17 @@ const respondToScout = async (options: {
         }
 
         const otherRows = await db.$queryRaw<Array<{ id: number }>>(GamePrisma.sql`
-            SELECT id
-            FROM message
-            WHERE mailbox = ${payload.src.generalId}
-              AND type = 'private'
-              AND dest = mailbox
-              AND id <> ${row.id}
-              AND (
-                  (valid_until_tick IS NOT NULL AND valid_until_tick > ${BigInt(world.dateToGameTick(now))})
-                  OR (valid_until_tick IS NULL AND valid_until > ${now})
-              )
-              AND message->'option'->>'action' = 'scout'
-            FOR UPDATE
+            SELECT envelope.id
+            FROM message AS envelope
+            JOIN message_action AS action ON action.message_id = envelope.id
+            WHERE envelope.mailbox = ${payload.src.generalId}
+              AND envelope.type = 'private'
+              AND envelope.dest = envelope.mailbox
+              AND envelope.id <> ${row.id}
+              AND action.status = 'PENDING'
+              AND (action.expires_game_tick IS NULL OR action.expires_game_tick > ${BigInt(world.dateToGameTick(now))})
+              AND action.action_type = 'scout'
+            FOR UPDATE OF envelope, action
         `);
         await invalidateMessageIds(db, world, [row.id, ...otherRows.map(({ id }) => id)], now);
         world.queueMessage({
@@ -327,6 +348,7 @@ const respondToRaiseInvader = async (options: {
         },
         event
     );
+    await invalidateMessageIds(db, world, [row.id], world.gameTickToDate(alignment.alignedTick));
     return { ok: true, action: 'raiseInvader', reason: 'success' };
 };
 
@@ -354,13 +376,14 @@ export const respondToActionableMessage = async (options: {
         authority: NonNullable<Parameters<typeof reconcileClockSuspensionInTransaction>[0]['authority']>;
     }) => Promise<ClockReconciliationResult>;
 }): Promise<ActionableMessageResponseResult> => {
-    const acceptedAt = await validateActor(options);
-    const now = options.world.getGameNow(acceptedAt);
-    const row = await fetchMessageForUpdate(options.db, options.world, options.messageId, now);
+    const accepted = await validateActor(options);
+    const now = options.world.gameTickToDate(accepted.processingGameTick);
+    const row = await fetchMessageForUpdate(options.db, options.messageId, accepted.processingGameTick);
     if (!row) return { ok: false, reason: '존재하지 않는 메시지입니다.' };
     const payload = parsePayload(row.message);
     if (!payload) return { ok: false, reason: '응답할 수 없는 메시지입니다.' };
     const action = asRecord(payload.option).action;
+    if (action !== row.actionType) return { ok: false, reason: '메시지 행동 상태가 일치하지 않습니다.' };
     if (action === 'scout') {
         return await respondToScout({ ...options, actorId: options.generalId, row, payload, now });
     }

app/game-engine/src/turn/clockReconciliation.ts

@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ const lockWorld = async (db: GamePrisma.TransactionClient): Promise<number> => {
     return rows[0]!.id;
 };
 
-const lockParticipants = async (db: GamePrisma.TransactionClient, cutTick: bigint): Promise<void> => {
+const lockParticipants = async (db: GamePrisma.TransactionClient, _cutTick: bigint): Promise<void> => {
     await db.$queryRaw<IdRow[]>(GamePrisma.sql`SELECT id FROM general ORDER BY id FOR UPDATE`);
     await db.$queryRaw<IdRow[]>(GamePrisma.sql`
         SELECT id FROM auction
@@ -155,10 +155,18 @@ const lockParticipants = async (db: GamePrisma.TransactionClient, cutTick: bigin
         ORDER BY id FOR UPDATE
     `);
     await db.$queryRaw<IdRow[]>(GamePrisma.sql`
-        SELECT id FROM message
-        WHERE valid_until_tick IS NOT NULL AND valid_until_tick >= ${cutTick}
-        ORDER BY id FOR UPDATE
+        SELECT bid.id
+        FROM auction_bid AS bid
+        JOIN auction ON auction.id = bid.auction_id
+        WHERE auction.status IN ('OPEN'::auction_status, 'FINALIZING'::auction_status)
+        ORDER BY bid.id FOR UPDATE OF bid
     `);
+    await db.$queryRaw<IdRow[]>(GamePrisma.sql`
+        SELECT message_id AS id FROM message_action
+        WHERE status = 'PENDING'
+        ORDER BY message_id FOR UPDATE
+    `);
+    await db.$queryRaw<IdRow[]>(GamePrisma.sql`SELECT id FROM inheritance_ledger ORDER BY id FOR UPDATE`);
     await db.$queryRaw<IdRow[]>(GamePrisma.sql`
         SELECT id FROM vote_poll WHERE closed_at IS NULL ORDER BY id FOR UPDATE
     `);
@@ -175,7 +183,8 @@ const readParticipantSnapshots = async (
     worldStateId: number,
     cutTick: bigint
 ): Promise<ParticipantSnapshot[]> => {
-    const [world, generals, auctions, messages, votes, pool, npcTokens, commands] = await Promise.all([
+    const [world, generals, auctions, auctionBids, messages, inheritanceEffects, votes, pool, npcTokens, commands] =
+        await Promise.all([
         db.worldState.findUniqueOrThrow({
             where: { id: worldStateId },
             select: {
@@ -188,17 +197,32 @@ const readParticipantSnapshots = async (
         }),
         db.general.findMany({
             orderBy: { id: 'asc' },
-            select: { id: true, turnTick: true, recentWarTick: true },
+            select: { id: true, turnTick: true, recentWarTick: true, meta: true },
         }),
         db.auction.findMany({
             where: { status: { in: ['OPEN', 'FINALIZING'] } },
             orderBy: { id: 'asc' },
             select: { id: true, status: true, openTick: true, closeTick: true },
         }),
-        db.message.findMany({
-            where: { validUntilTick: { not: null, gte: cutTick } },
+        db.auctionBid.findMany({
+            where: { auction: { status: { in: ['OPEN', 'FINALIZING'] } } },
             orderBy: { id: 'asc' },
-            select: { id: true, timeTick: true, validUntilTick: true },
+            select: { id: true, occurredGameTick: true },
+        }),
+        db.messageAction.findMany({
+            where: { status: 'PENDING' },
+            orderBy: { messageId: 'asc' },
+            select: {
+                messageId: true,
+                createdGameTick: true,
+                expiresGameTick: true,
+                clockRevision: true,
+                deadlineGeneration: true,
+            },
+        }),
+        db.inheritanceLedger.findMany({
+            orderBy: { id: 'asc' },
+            select: { id: true, appliedClockRevision: true, appliedDeadlineGeneration: true },
         }),
         db.votePoll.findMany({
             where: { closedAt: null },
@@ -219,7 +243,7 @@ const readParticipantSnapshots = async (
             orderBy: { sequence: 'asc' },
             select: { sequence: true, acceptedGameTick: true, acceptedClockRevision: true },
         }),
-    ]);
+        ]);
     const snapshot = (key: string, policy: ParticipantSnapshot['policy'], rows: unknown[]): ParticipantSnapshot => ({
         key,
         policy,
@@ -246,6 +270,18 @@ const readParticipantSnapshots = async (
             'KEEP',
             generals.map(({ id, recentWarTick }) => ({ id, recentWarTick }))
         ),
+        snapshot(
+            'selection-reselection-deadline',
+            'SHIFT',
+            generals.flatMap(({ id, meta: generalMeta }) => {
+                const raw =
+                    generalMeta && typeof generalMeta === 'object' && !Array.isArray(generalMeta)
+                        ? Reflect.get(generalMeta, 'next_change_tick')
+                        : null;
+                const value = typeof raw === 'number' ? raw : typeof raw === 'string' ? Number(raw) : Number.NaN;
+                return Number.isSafeInteger(value) && BigInt(value) >= cutTick ? [{ id, nextChangeTick: value }] : [];
+            })
+        ),
         snapshot(
             'auction-open-occurrence',
             'KEEP',
@@ -256,21 +292,34 @@ const readParticipantSnapshots = async (
             'SHIFT',
             auctions.map(({ id, status, closeTick }) => ({ id, status, closeTick }))
         ),
+        snapshot('auction-bid-occurrence', 'KEEP', auctionBids),
         snapshot(
             'auction-finalizing-recovery',
             'REBUILD',
             auctions.map(({ id, status }) => ({ id, status }))
         ),
         snapshot(
-            'message-occurrence',
+            'message-action-occurrence',
             'KEEP',
-            messages.map(({ id, timeTick }) => ({ id, timeTick }))
+            messages.map(({ messageId, createdGameTick }) => ({ messageId, createdGameTick }))
         ),
         snapshot(
-            'message-expiry',
+            'message-action-expiry',
             'SHIFT',
-            messages.map(({ id, validUntilTick }) => ({ id, validUntilTick }))
+            messages
+                .filter(({ expiresGameTick }) => expiresGameTick !== null && expiresGameTick >= cutTick)
+                .map(({ messageId, expiresGameTick }) => ({ messageId, expiresGameTick }))
         ),
+        snapshot(
+            'message-action-clock-coordinate',
+            'REBUILD',
+            messages.map(({ messageId, clockRevision, deadlineGeneration }) => ({
+                messageId,
+                clockRevision,
+                deadlineGeneration,
+            }))
+        ),
+        snapshot('inheritance-effect-coordinate', 'KEEP', inheritanceEffects),
         snapshot(
             'vote-start-occurrence',
             'KEEP',
@@ -283,7 +332,7 @@ const readParticipantSnapshots = async (
         ),
         snapshot('select-pool-reservation', 'SHIFT', pool),
         snapshot('npc-selection-window', 'SHIFT', npcTokens),
-        snapshot('accepted-command-coordinate', 'KEEP', commands),
+        snapshot('daemon-command-coordinate', 'KEEP', commands),
         snapshot('movable-json-rule-anchors', 'SHIFT', [
             {
                 lastTurnTime: Reflect.get(meta, 'lastTurnTime'),
@@ -429,15 +478,20 @@ const assertShiftFits = (participants: readonly ParticipantSnapshot[], shiftTick
 const assertScheduleRanges = async (db: GamePrisma.TransactionClient, shiftTicks: number): Promise<void> => {
     const shift = BigInt(shiftTicks);
     const maximum = BigInt(MAX_SAFE_GAME_TICK) - shift;
-    const [general, auction, message, vote, pool, npcValid, npcMore] = await Promise.all([
+    const [general, reselection, auction, message, vote, pool, npcValid, npcMore] = await Promise.all([
         db.general.aggregate({ _max: { turnTick: true }, where: { turnTick: { not: null } } }),
+        db.$queryRaw<Array<{ maxTick: bigint | null }>>(GamePrisma.sql`
+            SELECT MAX((meta->>'next_change_tick')::bigint) AS "maxTick"
+            FROM general
+            WHERE meta->>'next_change_tick' ~ '^-?[0-9]+$'
+        `),
         db.auction.aggregate({
             _max: { closeTick: true },
             where: { status: { in: ['OPEN', 'FINALIZING'] }, closeTick: { not: null } },
         }),
-        db.message.aggregate({
-            _max: { validUntilTick: true },
-            where: { validUntilTick: { not: null, lt: BigInt(MAX_SAFE_GAME_TICK) } },
+        db.messageAction.aggregate({
+            _max: { expiresGameTick: true },
+            where: { status: 'PENDING', expiresGameTick: { not: null } },
         }),
         db.votePoll.aggregate({ _max: { endTick: true }, where: { closedAt: null, endTick: { not: null } } }),
         db.selectPoolEntry.aggregate({
@@ -452,8 +506,9 @@ const assertScheduleRanges = async (db: GamePrisma.TransactionClient, shiftTicks
     ]);
     const values: Array<[string, bigint | null]> = [
         ['general.turn_tick', general._max.turnTick],
+        ['general.meta.next_change_tick', reselection[0]?.maxTick ?? null],
         ['auction.close_tick', auction._max.closeTick],
-        ['message.valid_until_tick', message._max.validUntilTick],
+        ['message_action.expires_game_tick', message._max.expiresGameTick],
         ['vote_poll.end_tick', vote._max.endTick],
         ['select_pool.reserved_until_tick', pool._max.reservedUntilTick],
         ['select_npc_token.valid_until_tick', npcValid._max.validUntilTick],
@@ -493,6 +548,32 @@ const applyParticipantShift = async (
             WHERE turn_tick IS NOT NULL
         `)
     );
+    affected.set(
+        'selection-reselection-deadline',
+        await db.$executeRaw(GamePrisma.sql`
+            UPDATE general
+            SET meta = jsonb_set(
+                jsonb_set(
+                    jsonb_set(
+                        meta,
+                        '{next_change_tick}',
+                        to_jsonb((meta->>'next_change_tick')::bigint + ${shiftTicks}),
+                        true
+                    ),
+                    '{next_change}',
+                    to_jsonb(((meta->>'next_change')::timestamp
+                        + ${projectionDeltaMilliseconds} * INTERVAL '1 millisecond')::text),
+                    true
+                ),
+                '{nextChangeAt}',
+                to_jsonb(((meta->>'nextChangeAt')::timestamp
+                    + ${projectionDeltaMilliseconds} * INTERVAL '1 millisecond')::text),
+                true
+            )
+            WHERE meta->>'next_change_tick' ~ '^-?[0-9]+$'
+              AND (meta->>'next_change_tick')::bigint >= ${cutTick}
+        `)
+    );
     affected.set(
         'auction-deadline',
         await db.$executeRaw(GamePrisma.sql`
@@ -504,14 +585,37 @@ const applyParticipantShift = async (
         `)
     );
     affected.set(
-        'message-expiry',
+        'message-action-clock-coordinate',
+        (
+            await db.messageAction.updateMany({
+                where: { status: 'PENDING' },
+                data: {
+                    clockRevision: targetRevision,
+                    deadlineGeneration: targetGeneration,
+                },
+            })
+        ).count
+    );
+    affected.set(
+        'message-action-expiry',
         await db.$executeRaw(GamePrisma.sql`
-            UPDATE message
-            SET valid_until_tick = valid_until_tick + ${shiftTicks},
-                valid_until = valid_until + ${projectionDeltaMilliseconds} * INTERVAL '1 millisecond'
-            WHERE valid_until_tick IS NOT NULL
-              AND valid_until_tick >= ${cutTick}
-              AND valid_until_tick < ${BigInt(MAX_SAFE_GAME_TICK)}
+            WITH shifted AS (
+                UPDATE message_action
+                SET expires_game_tick = expires_game_tick + ${shiftTicks},
+                    clock_revision = ${targetRevision},
+                    deadline_generation = ${targetGeneration},
+                    updated_at_wall = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'
+                WHERE status = 'PENDING'
+                  AND expires_game_tick IS NOT NULL
+                  AND expires_game_tick >= ${cutTick}
+                RETURNING message_id, expires_game_tick
+            )
+            UPDATE message AS envelope
+            SET valid_until_tick = shifted.expires_game_tick,
+                valid_until = envelope.valid_until
+                    + ${projectionDeltaMilliseconds} * INTERVAL '1 millisecond'
+            FROM shifted
+            WHERE envelope.id = shifted.message_id
         `)
     );
     affected.set(

app/game-engine/src/turn/commandRegistry.ts

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ const zAuctionFinalize = z.object({
     type: z.literal('auctionFinalize'),
     auctionId: zFiniteNumber,
     expectedCloseAt: z.string().refine(isCanonicalIsoTimestamp).optional(),
-    expectedCloseTick: zSafeInteger.optional(),
+    expectedCloseTick: zSafeInteger,
 });
 
 const zAuctionOpen = z.object({
@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@ const zAuctionBid = z.object({
     auctionId: zFiniteNumber,
     generalId: zFiniteNumber,
     amount: zFiniteNumber,
-    acceptedGameTick: zSafeInteger.optional(),
     tryExtendCloseDate: z.boolean().optional(),
 });
 
@@ -427,7 +426,7 @@ const zSelectPoolReserve = z
         requestId: z.string().optional(),
         userId: z.string().min(1),
         seedOwnerIdentity: z.union([z.string().min(1), zFiniteNumber]),
-        acceptedGameAt: z.string().refine(isCanonicalIsoTimestamp),
+        acceptedGameAt: z.string().refine(isCanonicalIsoTimestamp).optional(),
         acceptedGameTick: zFiniteNumber.int().min(Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER).max(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER).optional(),
     })
     .strict();

app/game-engine/src/turn/databaseHooks.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import {
     writeReadModelChangeJournal,
     enqueuePrivateMessageWebPush,
     enqueueWebPushOutboxEvents,
+    persistMessageEnvelope,
     type InputJsonValue,
     type ReadModelJournalWriteResult,
     type TurnEngineCityUpdateInput,
@@ -1862,37 +1863,18 @@ export const createDatabaseTurnHooks = async (
                 await sendMessage(
                     {
                         insertMessage: async (draft: MessageRecordDraft) => {
-                            const toTickOrNull = (date: Date): bigint | null => {
-                                try {
-                                    return BigInt(world.dateToGameTick(date));
-                                } catch {
-                                    // Legacy messages may use year 9999 as an
-                                    // effectively-unbounded expiry, beyond the
-                                    // safe JavaScript tick range.
-                                    return null;
-                                }
-                            };
-                            const rows = await prisma.$queryRaw<Array<{ id: number }>>`
-                                INSERT INTO message (
-                                    mailbox, type, src, dest, time, time_tick, valid_until, valid_until_tick, message
-                                )
-                                VALUES (
-                                    ${draft.mailbox},
-                                    ${draft.msgType},
-                                    ${draft.srcId},
-                                    ${draft.destId},
-                                    ${draft.time},
-                                    ${toTickOrNull(draft.time)},
-                                    ${draft.validUntil},
-                                    ${toTickOrNull(draft.validUntil)},
-                                    CAST(${JSON.stringify(draft.payload)} AS jsonb)
-                                )
-                                RETURNING id
-                            `;
-                            const id = rows[0]?.id;
-                            if (!id) {
-                                throw new Error('Failed to persist turn message.');
-                            }
+                            const clock = world.getGameClockState();
+                            const action = draft.payload.option && Reflect.get(draft.payload.option, 'action');
+                            const expiresGameTick =
+                                typeof action !== 'string' || draft.validUntil.getUTCFullYear() >= 9000
+                                    ? null
+                                    : BigInt(world.dateToGameTick(draft.validUntil));
+                            const id = await persistMessageEnvelope(prisma, draft, {
+                                occurredGameTick: BigInt(world.dateToGameTick(draft.time)),
+                                clockRevision: BigInt(clock.revision),
+                                deadlineGeneration: BigInt(clock.deadlineGeneration),
+                                expiresGameTick,
+                            });
                             await enqueuePrivateMessageWebPush(prisma, draft, id);
                             persistedMessageMailboxes.push(draft.mailbox);
                             return id;

app/game-engine/src/turn/gatewayAdminActions.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { createGatewayPostgresConnector } from '@sammo-ts/infra';
+import { createGatewayPostgresConnector, GatewayPrisma } from '@sammo-ts/infra';
 import { isRecord } from '@sammo-ts/common';
 
 export type GatewayAdminActionStatus = 'REQUESTED' | 'PARTIAL' | 'APPLIED' | 'FAILED' | 'IGNORED';
@@ -119,23 +119,28 @@ export const createGatewayAdminActionConsumer = async (
                 continue;
             }
             const terminal = result.status !== 'PARTIAL';
-            const updated = await prisma.gatewayRuntimeAction.updateMany({
-                where: {
-                    id: action.id,
-                    status: { in: ['REQUESTED', 'PARTIAL'] },
-                },
-                data: {
-                    status: result.status,
-                    detail: result.detail ?? null,
-                    handler: 'turn-daemon',
-                    handledAt: terminal ? new Date() : null,
-                    attempts: { increment: 1 },
-                    nextAttemptAt: terminal
-                        ? null
-                        : new Date(Date.now() + Math.min(60_000, 1_000 * 2 ** Math.min(action.attempts, 6))),
-                },
-            });
-            if (terminal && updated.count > 0) {
+            const retryDelayMs = Math.min(60_000, 1_000 * 2 ** Math.min(action.attempts, 6));
+            const updated = await prisma.$queryRaw<Array<{ id: string }>>(GatewayPrisma.sql`
+                UPDATE gateway_runtime_action
+                SET status = ${result.status}::"GatewayRuntimeActionStatus",
+                    detail = ${result.detail ?? null},
+                    handler = 'turn-daemon',
+                    handled_at = CASE
+                        WHEN ${terminal} THEN CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'
+                        ELSE NULL
+                    END,
+                    attempts = attempts + 1,
+                    next_attempt_at = CASE
+                        WHEN ${terminal} THEN NULL
+                        ELSE (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC')
+                            + ${retryDelayMs} * INTERVAL '1 millisecond'
+                    END,
+                    updated_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'
+                WHERE id = ${action.id}
+                  AND status IN ('REQUESTED'::"GatewayRuntimeActionStatus", 'PARTIAL'::"GatewayRuntimeActionStatus")
+                RETURNING id
+            `);
+            if (terminal && updated.length > 0) {
                 await options.onActionApplied?.(actionRecord, result);
             }
         }

app/game-engine/src/turn/gatewayProfileGate.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { performance } from 'node:perf_hooks';
+
 import { gatewayProfileCapabilities, type GatewayProfileStatus } from '@sammo-ts/common';
 import { createGatewayPostgresConnector } from '@sammo-ts/infra';
 
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ export const createGatewayProfileGate = async (options: GatewayProfileGateOption
     return {
         // 게이트웨이 프로필 상태를 읽어 턴 실행을 멈춰야 하는지 판단한다.
         async shouldPause(): Promise<boolean> {
-            const now = Date.now();
+            const now = performance.now();
             if (now - lastCheckedAt < (options.cacheMs ?? DEFAULT_CACHE_MS)) {
                 return cachedPause;
             }

app/game-engine/src/turn/inMemoryTurnProcessor.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { performance } from 'node:perf_hooks';
+
 import type { TurnCheckpoint, TurnProcessor, TurnRunBudget, TurnRunResult } from '../lifecycle/types.js';
 import { getNextTickTime } from '../lifecycle/getNextTickTime.js';
 import type { InMemoryTurnWorld, TurnCalendarContext } from './inMemoryWorld.js';
@@ -50,16 +52,16 @@ export class InMemoryTurnProcessor implements TurnProcessor {
     }
 
     async run(targetTime: Date, budget: TurnRunBudget, checkpoint?: TurnCheckpoint): Promise<TurnRunResult> {
-        const startMs = Date.now();
+        const startMs = performance.now();
         const deadlineMs = startMs + Math.max(0, budget.budgetMs);
-        const isBudgetExpired = () => Date.now() >= deadlineMs;
+        const isBudgetExpired = () => performance.now() >= deadlineMs;
 
         if (isWorldUnited(this.world)) {
             return {
                 lastTurnTime: this.world.getState().lastTurnTime.toISOString(),
                 processedGenerals: 0,
                 processedTurns: 0,
-                durationMs: Math.max(0, Date.now() - startMs),
+                durationMs: Math.max(0, performance.now() - startMs),
                 partial: false,
                 checkpoint,
             };
@@ -171,7 +173,7 @@ export class InMemoryTurnProcessor implements TurnProcessor {
             lastTurnTime,
             processedGenerals,
             processedTurns,
-            durationMs: Math.max(0, Date.now() - startMs),
+            durationMs: Math.max(0, performance.now() - startMs),
             partial,
             checkpoint: nextCheckpoint,
         };

app/game-engine/src/turn/inheritanceActionService.ts

@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ export const resolveOwnerDisplayName = (rawMeta: unknown): string => {
     return '알수없음';
 };
 
-export const executeInheritanceAction = async (options: {
+const executeInheritanceActionMutation = async (options: {
     db: GamePrisma.TransactionClient;
     world: InMemoryTurnWorld;
     command: InheritanceActionCommand;
@@ -668,3 +668,59 @@ export const executeInheritanceAction = async (options: {
     });
     return { type: 'inheritanceAction', ok: true, action, generalId: general.id, remainPoint: previousPoint - cost };
 };
+
+/**
+ * Persists the WALL_TIME inheritance receipt in the same transaction as the
+ * point debit, game mutation, and input-event completion. The input_event row
+ * is the durable retry/failure record and owns the authoritative GAME clock
+ * coordinate; an immediate effect does not invent a separate applied tick.
+ */
+export const executeInheritanceAction = async (options: {
+    db: GamePrisma.TransactionClient;
+    world: InMemoryTurnWorld;
+    command: InheritanceActionCommand;
+    gameNow: Date;
+}): Promise<InheritanceActionResult> => {
+    const result = await executeInheritanceActionMutation(options);
+    if (!result.ok || !options.command.requestId) return result;
+
+    const event = await options.db.inputEvent.findUnique({
+        where: { requestId: options.command.requestId },
+        select: {
+            actorUserId: true,
+            target: true,
+            eventType: true,
+            createdAt: true,
+            processingClockRevision: true,
+            processingDeadlineGeneration: true,
+        },
+    });
+    if (
+        !event ||
+        event.actorUserId !== options.command.userId ||
+        event.target !== 'ENGINE' ||
+        event.eventType !== 'inheritanceAction' ||
+        event.processingClockRevision === null ||
+        event.processingDeadlineGeneration === null
+    ) {
+        throw new Error('Inheritance ledger requires the authoritative ENGINE input-event clock fence.');
+    }
+    const previousPoint = await lockPreviousPoint(options.db, options.command.userId);
+    const cost = previousPoint - result.remainPoint;
+    if (!Number.isFinite(cost) || cost < 0) {
+        throw new Error(`Inheritance ledger calculated an invalid cost: ${cost}.`);
+    }
+    await options.db.inheritanceLedger.create({
+        data: {
+            requestId: options.command.requestId,
+            userId: options.command.userId,
+            action: result.action,
+            cost,
+            status: 'APPLIED',
+            requestedAtWall: event.createdAt,
+            appliedClockRevision: event.processingClockRevision,
+            appliedDeadlineGeneration: event.processingDeadlineGeneration,
+        },
+    });
+    return result;
+};

app/game-engine/src/turn/npcPossessionService.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { randomInt } from 'node:crypto';
 
-import { asNumber, asRecord, JosaUtil, LiteHashDRBG, RandUtil, type RNG } from '@sammo-ts/common';
+import { asNumber, asRecord, GAME_TICKS_PER_TURN, JosaUtil, LiteHashDRBG, RandUtil, type RNG } from '@sammo-ts/common';
 import {
     acquireGameSchemaAdvisoryXactLock,
     GamePrisma,
@@ -84,7 +84,9 @@ export interface NpcPossessionSelectionObserver {
 interface NpcSelectionTokenRow {
     ownerUserId: string;
     validUntil: Date;
+    validUntilTick: bigint | null;
     pickMoreFrom: Date;
+    pickMoreFromTick: bigint | null;
     pickResult: unknown;
     nonce: number;
 }
@@ -105,8 +107,8 @@ const truncateToSeconds = (value: Date): Date => new Date(Math.floor(value.getTi
 export const buildNpcSelectionTokenSeed = (
     hiddenSeed: string | number,
     ownerIdentity: string | number,
-    acceptedGameTick: number
-): string => simpleSerialize(hiddenSeed, 'SelectNPCToken', ownerIdentity, acceptedGameTick);
+    createdGameTick: number
+): string => simpleSerialize(hiddenSeed, 'SelectNPCToken', ownerIdentity, createdGameTick);
 
 const readHiddenSeed = (worldState: WorldStateRow): string | number => {
     const meta = asRecord(worldState.meta);
@@ -159,15 +161,22 @@ const parsePickResult = (value: unknown): Record<string, NpcPossessionCandidate>
 };
 
 const toReservation = (
-    token: Pick<NpcSelectionTokenRow, 'validUntil' | 'pickMoreFrom' | 'pickResult' | 'nonce'>,
-    now: Date
+    token: Pick<
+        NpcSelectionTokenRow,
+        'validUntil' | 'validUntilTick' | 'pickMoreFrom' | 'pickMoreFromTick' | 'pickResult' | 'nonce'
+    >,
+    currentGameTick: number,
+    ticksPerSecond: number
 ): NpcPossessionReservation => {
+    if (token.validUntilTick === null || token.pickMoreFromTick === null) {
+        return fail('INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR', 'NPC 빙의 후보의 GAME_TIME 기한이 없습니다.');
+    }
     const pickResult = parsePickResult(token.pickResult);
     return {
         tokenNonce: token.nonce,
         validUntil: token.validUntil.toISOString(),
         pickMoreFrom: token.pickMoreFrom.toISOString(),
-        pickMoreSeconds: Math.max(0, Math.ceil((token.pickMoreFrom.getTime() - now.getTime()) / 1000)),
+        pickMoreSeconds: Math.max(0, Math.ceil((Number(token.pickMoreFromTick) - currentGameTick) / ticksPerSecond)),
         candidates: Object.values(pickResult).sort(
             (left, right) =>
                 left.stats.leadership +
@@ -289,16 +298,18 @@ export const reserveNpcPossessionCandidates = async (options: {
     refresh?: boolean;
     keepIds?: number[];
     now?: Date;
-    acceptedGameTick: number;
+    createdGameTick: number;
     selectionObserver?: NpcPossessionSelectionObserver;
 }): Promise<NpcPossessionReservation> => {
     const { db, worldState, userId } = options;
     requireNpcPossessionWorld(worldState);
     const now = truncateToSeconds(options.now ?? new Date());
-    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(options.acceptedGameTick)) {
-        fail('INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR', 'NPC 빙의 수락 tick이 올바르지 않습니다.');
+    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(options.createdGameTick)) {
+        fail('INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR', 'NPC 빙의 생성 tick이 올바르지 않습니다.');
     }
     await lockNpcPossession(db, userId);
+    const turnTermMinutes = resolveTurnTermMinutes(worldState);
+    const ticksPerSecond = GAME_TICKS_PER_TURN / (turnTermMinutes * 60);
 
     if (await db.general.findFirst({ where: { userId }, select: { id: true } })) {
         fail('PRECONDITION_FAILED', '이미 장수가 생성되었습니다');
@@ -324,14 +335,20 @@ export const reserveNpcPossessionCandidates = async (options: {
         if (options.refresh) {
             fail('CONFLICT', 'NPC 빙의 요청 처리 중에는 후보를 다시 뽑을 수 없습니다.');
         }
-        return toReservation(inFlightToken, now);
+        return toReservation(inFlightToken, options.createdGameTick, ticksPerSecond);
     }
-    if (existing && existing.validUntil.getTime() < now.getTime()) {
+    if (
+        existing &&
+        (existing.validUntilTick === null || Number(existing.validUntilTick) < options.createdGameTick)
+    ) {
         await db.npcSelectionToken.deleteMany({
             where: {
                 ownerUserId: userId,
                 nonce: existing.nonce,
-                validUntil: { lt: now },
+                OR: [
+                    { validUntilTick: null },
+                    { validUntilTick: { lt: BigInt(options.createdGameTick) } },
+                ],
             },
         });
         existing = null;
@@ -339,7 +356,7 @@ export const reserveNpcPossessionCandidates = async (options: {
 
     const kept: Record<string, NpcPossessionCandidate> = {};
     if (existing && options.refresh) {
-        if (now.getTime() < existing.pickMoreFrom.getTime()) {
+        if (existing.pickMoreFromTick === null || options.createdGameTick < Number(existing.pickMoreFromTick)) {
             fail('PRECONDITION_FAILED', '아직 다시 뽑을 수 없습니다');
         }
         const oldPick = parsePickResult(existing.pickResult);
@@ -352,16 +369,16 @@ export const reserveNpcPossessionCandidates = async (options: {
         }
         // Ref는 모든 후보를 보관하면 refresh를 취소하며 차감도 저장하지 않는다.
         if (Object.keys(kept).length === Object.keys(oldPick).length) {
-            return toReservation(existing, now);
+            return toReservation(existing, options.createdGameTick, ticksPerSecond);
         }
     } else if (existing) {
-        return toReservation(existing, now);
+        return toReservation(existing, options.createdGameTick, ticksPerSecond);
     }
 
     const reservedRows = await db.npcSelectionToken.findMany({
         where: {
             ownerUserId: { not: userId },
-            validUntil: { gte: now },
+            validUntilTick: { gte: BigInt(options.createdGameTick) },
         },
         select: { pickResult: true },
     });
@@ -397,16 +414,19 @@ export const reserveNpcPossessionCandidates = async (options: {
         generalRows.map((row) => buildCandidateSnapshot(row, nations.get(row.nationId)))
     );
     const selectionRng = new LiteHashDRBG(
-        buildNpcSelectionTokenSeed(readHiddenSeed(worldState), options.ownerIdentity, options.acceptedGameTick)
+        buildNpcSelectionTokenSeed(readHiddenSeed(worldState), options.ownerIdentity, options.createdGameTick)
     );
     const rng = options.selectionObserver?.onRandomDraw
         ? new ObservedRandUtil(selectionRng, options.selectionObserver.onRandomDraw)
         : new RandUtil(selectionRng);
     const pickResult = chooseNpcPossessionCandidates(candidates, kept, rng, options.selectionObserver?.onCandidateDraw);
-    const turnTermMinutes = resolveTurnTermMinutes(worldState);
-    const validUntil = new Date(now.getTime() + Math.max(VALID_SECONDS, turnTermMinutes * 40) * 1000);
+    const validSeconds = Math.max(VALID_SECONDS, turnTermMinutes * 40);
+    const pickMoreSeconds = Math.max(PICK_MORE_SECONDS, Math.round(Math.pow(turnTermMinutes, 0.672) * 8));
+    const validUntilTick = options.createdGameTick + Math.round(validSeconds * ticksPerSecond);
+    const pickMoreFromTick = options.createdGameTick + Math.round(pickMoreSeconds * ticksPerSecond);
+    const validUntil = new Date(now.getTime() + validSeconds * 1000);
     const refreshedPickMoreFrom = new Date(
-        now.getTime() + Math.max(PICK_MORE_SECONDS, Math.round(Math.pow(turnTermMinutes, 0.672) * 8)) * 1000
+        now.getTime() + pickMoreSeconds * 1000
     );
     const nonce = randomInt(0, 0x10000000);
 
@@ -415,7 +435,9 @@ export const reserveNpcPossessionCandidates = async (options: {
             where: { ownerUserId: userId, nonce: existing.nonce },
             data: {
                 validUntil,
+                validUntilTick: BigInt(validUntilTick),
                 pickMoreFrom: refreshedPickMoreFrom,
+                pickMoreFromTick: BigInt(pickMoreFromTick),
                 pickResult: pickResult as GamePrisma.InputJsonValue,
                 nonce,
             },
@@ -423,7 +445,18 @@ export const reserveNpcPossessionCandidates = async (options: {
         if (updated.count === 0) {
             fail('CONFLICT', '중복 요청, 다시 랜덤 토큰을 확인해주세요');
         }
-        return toReservation({ validUntil, pickMoreFrom: refreshedPickMoreFrom, pickResult, nonce }, now);
+        return toReservation(
+            {
+                validUntil,
+                validUntilTick: BigInt(validUntilTick),
+                pickMoreFrom: refreshedPickMoreFrom,
+                pickMoreFromTick: BigInt(pickMoreFromTick),
+                pickResult,
+                nonce,
+            },
+            options.createdGameTick,
+            ticksPerSecond
+        );
     }
 
     try {
@@ -431,7 +464,9 @@ export const reserveNpcPossessionCandidates = async (options: {
             data: {
                 ownerUserId: userId,
                 validUntil,
+                validUntilTick: BigInt(validUntilTick),
                 pickMoreFrom: FIRST_PICK_MORE_FROM,
+                pickMoreFromTick: BigInt(options.createdGameTick),
                 pickResult: pickResult as GamePrisma.InputJsonValue,
                 nonce,
             },
@@ -442,7 +477,18 @@ export const reserveNpcPossessionCandidates = async (options: {
         }
         throw error;
     }
-    return toReservation({ validUntil, pickMoreFrom: FIRST_PICK_MORE_FROM, pickResult, nonce }, now);
+    return toReservation(
+        {
+            validUntil,
+            validUntilTick: BigInt(validUntilTick),
+            pickMoreFrom: FIRST_PICK_MORE_FROM,
+            pickMoreFromTick: BigInt(options.createdGameTick),
+            pickResult,
+            nonce,
+        },
+        options.createdGameTick,
+        ticksPerSecond
+    );
 };
 
 export const possessNpcGeneral = async (options: {
@@ -455,11 +501,13 @@ export const possessNpcGeneral = async (options: {
     ownerLegacyPenalty?: Record<string, unknown>;
     generalId: number;
     tokenNonce: number;
-    acceptedAt: Date;
+    requestedAtWall: Date;
+    processingGameTick: number;
 }): Promise<{ ok: true; generalId: number }> => {
-    const { db, world, worldState, userId, generalId, acceptedAt } = options;
-    // queue 대기 중 만료된 token도 enqueue 시점에는 유효했으므로 저장된 논리 수락 시각으로 다시 검증한다.
-    const tokenAcceptedAt = truncateToSeconds(acceptedAt);
+    const { db, world, worldState, userId, generalId, requestedAtWall } = options;
+    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(options.processingGameTick)) {
+        fail('INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR', 'NPC 빙의 처리 tick이 올바르지 않습니다.');
+    }
     requireNpcPossessionWorld(worldState);
     await lockNpcPossession(db, userId);
     await db.$executeRaw(GamePrisma.sql`LOCK TABLE "general" IN SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE`);
@@ -475,7 +523,7 @@ export const possessNpcGeneral = async (options: {
         where: {
             ownerUserId: userId,
             nonce: options.tokenNonce,
-            validUntil: { gte: tokenAcceptedAt },
+            validUntilTick: { gte: BigInt(options.processingGameTick) },
         },
     })) as NpcSelectionTokenRow | null;
     if (!token) {
@@ -501,7 +549,7 @@ export const possessNpcGeneral = async (options: {
         return fail('NOT_FOUND', '장수 등록에 실패했습니다.');
     }
 
-    const penalty = resolveLegacyPenalty(options.ownerLegacyPenalty, options.profileId, acceptedAt);
+    const penalty = resolveLegacyPenalty(options.ownerLegacyPenalty, options.profileId, requestedAtWall);
     world.updateGeneral(generalId, {
         userId,
         npcState: 1,
@@ -522,7 +570,7 @@ export const possessNpcGeneral = async (options: {
         where: { generalId },
         update: {
             userId,
-            lastRefresh: acceptedAt,
+            lastRefresh: requestedAtWall,
             refresh: 0,
             refreshTotal: 0,
             refreshScore: 0,
@@ -531,7 +579,7 @@ export const possessNpcGeneral = async (options: {
         create: {
             generalId,
             userId,
-            lastRefresh: acceptedAt,
+            lastRefresh: requestedAtWall,
         },
     });
     await db.npcSelectionToken.deleteMany({ where: { ownerUserId: userId } });

app/game-engine/src/turn/reservedTurnStore.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-import { createGamePostgresConnector, type InputJsonValue, type TurnEngineDatabaseClient } from '@sammo-ts/infra';
+import {
+    createGamePostgresConnector,
+    GamePrisma,
+    type InputJsonValue,
+    type TurnEngineDatabaseClient,
+} from '@sammo-ts/infra';
 import { isRecord } from '@sammo-ts/common';
 import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
 
@@ -75,6 +80,7 @@ const buildTurnListFromRows = (
 const buildNationKey = (nationId: number, officerLevel: number): string => `${nationId}:${officerLevel}`;
 
 type ReservedTurnDatabaseClient = Pick<TurnEngineDatabaseClient, 'generalTurn' | 'nationTurn'> & {
+    $queryRaw?<T>(query: GamePrisma.Sql): Promise<T>;
     generalTurnRevision?: Pick<
         NonNullable<TurnEngineDatabaseClient['generalTurnRevision']>,
         'findUnique' | 'createMany' | 'updateMany'
@@ -313,8 +319,17 @@ export class InMemoryReservedTurnStore {
         }
     }
 
-    private getLeaseExpiresAt(): Date {
-        return new Date(Date.now() + this.leaseDurationMs);
+    private getLeaseExpiresAt(nowWall: Date): Date {
+        return new Date(nowWall.getTime() + this.leaseDurationMs);
+    }
+
+    private async readDatabaseWallTime(prisma: ReservedTurnDatabaseClient = this.prisma): Promise<Date> {
+        if (!prisma.$queryRaw) return new Date();
+        const rows = await prisma.$queryRaw<Array<{ nowWall: Date }>>(GamePrisma.sql`
+            SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC' AS "nowWall"
+        `);
+        if (!rows[0]) throw new Error('PostgreSQL did not return its authoritative wall clock.');
+        return rows[0].nowWall;
     }
 
     private async acquireGeneralLease(generalId: number): Promise<boolean> {
@@ -322,7 +337,7 @@ export class InMemoryReservedTurnStore {
         if (!revisionStore) {
             return false;
         }
-        const now = new Date();
+        const now = await this.readDatabaseWallTime();
         const previous = (await revisionStore.findUnique({ where: { generalId } })) as {
             leaseOwner: string | null;
             leaseExpiresAt: Date | null;
@@ -331,7 +346,7 @@ export class InMemoryReservedTurnStore {
             previous?.leaseOwner === this.leaseOwner &&
             previous.leaseExpiresAt !== null &&
             previous.leaseExpiresAt.getTime() > now.getTime();
-        const leaseExpiresAt = this.getLeaseExpiresAt();
+        const leaseExpiresAt = this.getLeaseExpiresAt(now);
         let claimed = await revisionStore.updateMany({
             where: {
                 generalId,
@@ -372,7 +387,7 @@ export class InMemoryReservedTurnStore {
         if (!revisionStore) {
             return false;
         }
-        const now = new Date();
+        const now = await this.readDatabaseWallTime();
         const previous = (await revisionStore.findUnique({
             where: { nationId_officerLevel: { nationId, officerLevel } },
         })) as { leaseOwner: string | null; leaseExpiresAt: Date | null } | null;
@@ -380,7 +395,7 @@ export class InMemoryReservedTurnStore {
             previous?.leaseOwner === this.leaseOwner &&
             previous.leaseExpiresAt !== null &&
             previous.leaseExpiresAt.getTime() > now.getTime();
-        const leaseExpiresAt = this.getLeaseExpiresAt();
+        const leaseExpiresAt = this.getLeaseExpiresAt(now);
         let claimed = await revisionStore.updateMany({
             where: {
                 nationId,
@@ -651,12 +666,13 @@ export class InMemoryReservedTurnStore {
         if (!revisionStore) {
             return false;
         }
-        const leaseExpiresAt = this.getLeaseExpiresAt();
+        const now = await this.readDatabaseWallTime(prisma);
+        const leaseExpiresAt = this.getLeaseExpiresAt(now);
         const where = this.leasedGeneralIds.has(generalId)
             ? { generalId, leaseOwner: this.leaseOwner }
             : {
                   generalId,
-                  OR: [{ leaseOwner: this.leaseOwner }, { leaseOwner: null }, { leaseExpiresAt: { lte: new Date() } }],
+                  OR: [{ leaseOwner: this.leaseOwner }, { leaseOwner: null }, { leaseExpiresAt: { lte: now } }],
               };
         let claimed = await revisionStore.updateMany({
             where,
@@ -721,13 +737,14 @@ export class InMemoryReservedTurnStore {
         if (!revisionStore) {
             return false;
         }
-        const leaseExpiresAt = this.getLeaseExpiresAt();
+        const now = await this.readDatabaseWallTime(prisma);
+        const leaseExpiresAt = this.getLeaseExpiresAt(now);
         const where = this.leasedNationKeys.has(key)
             ? { nationId, officerLevel, leaseOwner: this.leaseOwner }
             : {
                   nationId,
                   officerLevel,
-                  OR: [{ leaseOwner: this.leaseOwner }, { leaseOwner: null }, { leaseExpiresAt: { lte: new Date() } }],
+                  OR: [{ leaseOwner: this.leaseOwner }, { leaseOwner: null }, { leaseExpiresAt: { lte: now } }],
               };
         let claimed = await revisionStore.updateMany({
             where,

app/game-engine/src/turn/runtimeClockShift.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { readInputEventClockCoordinate, type GamePrisma, type GamePrismaClient } from '@sammo-ts/infra';
 import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+import { performance } from 'node:perf_hooks';
 
 import {
     buildGameEventChannel,
@@ -89,8 +90,8 @@ const shiftTournamentClock = async (
     };
     const lockKey = `${stateKey}:mutation-lock`;
     const token = randomUUID();
-    const deadline = Date.now() + 2_000;
-    while (Date.now() < deadline) {
+    const deadline = performance.now() + 2_000;
+    while (performance.now() < deadline) {
         const acquired = await redis.set(lockKey, token, { NX: true, PX: 30_000 });
         if (acquired) {
             try {

app/game-engine/src/turn/runtimeGameSettings.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+import { performance } from 'node:perf_hooks';
 
 import {
     buildGameEventChannel,
@@ -158,8 +159,8 @@ const reprojectTournamentClock = async (
     };
     const lockKey = `${stateKey}:mutation-lock`;
     const token = randomUUID();
-    const deadline = Date.now() + 2_000;
-    while (Date.now() < deadline) {
+    const deadline = performance.now() + 2_000;
+    while (performance.now() < deadline) {
         const acquired = await redis.set(lockKey, token, { NX: true, PX: 30_000 });
         if (acquired) {
             try {

app/game-engine/src/turn/selectPoolService.ts

@@ -268,13 +268,10 @@ const toReservationDto = (
     world: InMemoryTurnWorld
 ): Promise<SelectPoolReservationDto> => {
     const first = rows[0];
-    if (!first || (first.reservedUntilTick === null && first.reservedUntil === null)) {
+    if (!first || first.reservedUntilTick === null) {
         throw new SelectPoolError('INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR', '장수 선택 후보의 유효기간이 없습니다.');
     }
-    const expiresAt =
-        first.reservedUntilTick === null
-            ? first.reservedUntil!
-            : world.gameTickToDate(toSafeReservationTick(first.reservedUntilTick, first.uniqueName));
+    const expiresAt = world.gameTickToDate(toSafeReservationTick(first.reservedUntilTick, first.uniqueName));
     const poolName = resolvePoolName(worldState);
     if (!poolName || !SUPPORTED_POOLS.has(poolName)) {
         throw new SelectPoolError('PRECONDITION_FAILED', '선택 가능한 서버가 아닙니다');
@@ -355,6 +352,23 @@ const readNextChangeAt = (generalMeta: unknown): Date | null => {
     return Number.isNaN(parsed.getTime()) ? null : parsed;
 };
 
+const readNextChangeTick = (generalMeta: unknown): number | null => {
+    const raw = asRecord(generalMeta).next_change_tick;
+    const parsed = typeof raw === 'number' ? raw : typeof raw === 'string' && raw.trim() ? Number(raw) : Number.NaN;
+    return Number.isSafeInteger(parsed) ? parsed : null;
+};
+
+const assertReselectionCooldown = (generalMeta: unknown, processingGameTick: number): void => {
+    const projection = readNextChangeAt(generalMeta);
+    const deadline = readNextChangeTick(generalMeta);
+    if (projection && deadline === null) {
+        fail('INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR', '장수 재선택 cooldown의 GAME_TIME authority가 없습니다.');
+    }
+    if (deadline !== null && deadline > processingGameTick) {
+        fail('PRECONDITION_FAILED', '아직 다시 고를 수 없습니다');
+    }
+};
+
 const getWorldHiddenSeed = (worldState: WorldStateRow): string | number => {
     const meta = asRecord(worldState.meta);
     const value = meta.hiddenSeed ?? meta.seed;
@@ -371,18 +385,8 @@ const toSafeReservationTick = (value: bigint | number, uniqueName: string): numb
     return tick;
 };
 
-const resolveAcceptedGameTick = (world: InMemoryTurnWorld, now: Date): number => {
-    const tick = world.dateToGameTick(now);
-    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(tick)) {
-        fail('INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR', '장수 선택 예약 tick이 안전한 정수 범위를 벗어났습니다.');
-    }
-    return tick;
-};
-
-const isReservationActive = (row: SelectPoolRow, now: Date, nowTick: number): boolean =>
-    row.reservedUntilTick !== null
-        ? toSafeReservationTick(row.reservedUntilTick, row.uniqueName) >= nowTick
-        : row.reservedUntil !== null && row.reservedUntil.getTime() >= now.getTime();
+const isReservationActive = (row: SelectPoolRow, nowTick: number): boolean =>
+    row.reservedUntilTick !== null && toSafeReservationTick(row.reservedUntilTick, row.uniqueName) >= nowTick;
 
 const lockSelectionUser = async (db: DatabaseClient, userId: string): Promise<void> => {
     await acquireGameSchemaAdvisoryXactLock(db, `select-pool:user:${userId}`);
@@ -392,7 +396,6 @@ const requireSelectionToken = async (
     db: DatabaseClient,
     userId: string,
     uniqueName: string,
-    now: Date,
     nowTick: number
 ): Promise<SelectPoolRow> => {
     const token = await db.selectPoolEntry.findFirst({
@@ -400,10 +403,7 @@ const requireSelectionToken = async (
             ownerUserId: userId,
             uniqueName,
             generalId: null,
-            OR: [
-                { reservedUntilTick: { gte: BigInt(nowTick) } },
-                { reservedUntilTick: null, reservedUntil: { gte: now } },
-            ],
+            reservedUntilTick: { gte: BigInt(nowTick) },
         },
     });
     if (!token) {
@@ -438,18 +438,13 @@ export const reserveSelectionPool = async (options: {
     worldState: WorldStateRow;
     userId: string;
     now?: Date;
-    acceptedGameTick?: number;
-    processingGameTick?: number;
+    processingGameTick: number;
     seedOwnerIdentity?: string | number;
 }): Promise<SelectPoolReservationDto> => {
     const { db, world, worldState, userId } = options;
     requirePoolWorld(worldState);
     const now = options.now ?? new Date();
-    const acceptedGameTick = options.acceptedGameTick ?? resolveAcceptedGameTick(world, now);
-    const processingGameTick = options.processingGameTick ?? acceptedGameTick;
-    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(acceptedGameTick)) {
-        fail('INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR', '장수 선택 예약 tick이 안전한 정수 범위를 벗어났습니다.');
-    }
+    const processingGameTick = options.processingGameTick;
     if (!Number.isSafeInteger(processingGameTick)) {
         fail('INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR', '장수 선택 처리 tick이 안전한 정수 범위를 벗어났습니다.');
     }
@@ -459,14 +454,11 @@ export const reserveSelectionPool = async (options: {
         where: { userId },
         select: { id: true, meta: true },
     });
-    const nextChangeAt = general ? readNextChangeAt(general.meta) : null;
-    if (nextChangeAt && nextChangeAt.getTime() > now.getTime()) {
-        fail('PRECONDITION_FAILED', '아직 다시 고를 수 없습니다');
-    }
+    if (general) assertReselectionCooldown(general.meta, processingGameTick);
 
     let currentRows = await synchronizeSelectionPoolWorld(db, world);
     const existing = currentRows.filter(
-        (row) => row.ownerUserId === userId && row.generalId === null && isReservationActive(row, now, processingGameTick)
+        (row) => row.ownerUserId === userId && row.generalId === null && isReservationActive(row, processingGameTick)
     );
     if (existing.length > 0) {
         return toReservationDto(existing, Boolean(general), worldState, world);
@@ -477,7 +469,7 @@ export const reserveSelectionPool = async (options: {
             generalId: null,
             OR: [
                 { reservedUntilTick: { lt: BigInt(processingGameTick) } },
-                { reservedUntilTick: null, reservedUntil: { lt: now } },
+                { reservedUntilTick: null, reservedUntil: { not: null } },
             ],
         },
         data: {
@@ -504,7 +496,7 @@ export const reserveSelectionPool = async (options: {
 
     const rng = new RandUtil(
         new LiteHashDRBG(
-            buildSelectPoolSeed(getWorldHiddenSeed(worldState), options.seedOwnerIdentity ?? userId, acceptedGameTick)
+            buildSelectPoolSeed(getWorldHiddenSeed(worldState), options.seedOwnerIdentity ?? userId, processingGameTick)
         )
     );
     const poolName = resolvePoolName(worldState)!;
@@ -578,7 +570,6 @@ const assertGeneralIdSnapshotMatches = async (db: DatabaseClient, world: InMemor
 const clearUnusedReservations = async (
     db: DatabaseClient,
     userId: string,
-    now: Date,
     nowTick: number
 ): Promise<void> => {
     await db.selectPoolEntry.updateMany({
@@ -587,7 +578,7 @@ const clearUnusedReservations = async (
             OR: [
                 { ownerUserId: userId },
                 { reservedUntilTick: { lt: BigInt(nowTick) } },
-                { reservedUntilTick: null, reservedUntil: { lt: now } },
+                { reservedUntilTick: null, reservedUntil: { not: null } },
             ],
         },
         data: {
@@ -716,6 +707,7 @@ export const createGeneralFromSelectionPool = async (options: {
     now?: Date;
     turnScheduleAt?: Date;
     operationalAcceptedAt: Date;
+    processingGameTick: number;
     seedOwnerIdentity?: string | number;
     ownerPicture?: string;
     ownerImageServer?: number;
@@ -724,7 +716,10 @@ export const createGeneralFromSelectionPool = async (options: {
     const { db, world, worldState, userId, ownerDisplayName, uniqueName } = options;
     requirePoolWorld(worldState);
     const now = options.now ?? new Date();
-    const nowTick = resolveAcceptedGameTick(world, now);
+    const nowTick = options.processingGameTick;
+    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(nowTick)) {
+        fail('INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR', '장수 생성 처리 tick이 안전한 정수 범위를 벗어났습니다.');
+    }
     await lockSelectionUser(db, userId);
     await lockSelectionMutationTables(db);
     await synchronizeSelectionPoolWorld(db, world);
@@ -735,7 +730,7 @@ export const createGeneralFromSelectionPool = async (options: {
     ) {
         fail('PRECONDITION_FAILED', '이미 장수를 생성했습니다.');
     }
-    const token = await requireSelectionToken(db, userId, uniqueName, now, nowTick);
+    const token = await requireSelectionToken(db, userId, uniqueName, nowTick);
     const info = parseCandidate(token);
     const poolName = resolvePoolName(worldState)!;
     const isCentennial = poolName === CENTENNIAL_ALL_STAR_POOL;
@@ -777,9 +772,8 @@ export const createGeneralFromSelectionPool = async (options: {
     const turnTime = buildInitialTurnTime(rng, worldState, now, options.turnScheduleAt ?? now);
     const age = 20;
     const specialityAges = resolveSpecialityAges(worldState, age);
-    const nextChangeAt = new Date(
-        now.getTime() + resolveTurnTermMinutes(worldState) * RESELECTION_TURN_MULTIPLIER * 60_000
-    );
+    const nextChangeTick = nowTick + RESELECTION_TURN_MULTIPLIER * GAME_TICKS_PER_TURN;
+    const nextChangeAt = world.gameTickToDate(nextChangeTick);
     const prestartDeleteAfter = buildPrestartDeleteAfter(options.operationalAcceptedAt, worldState.tickSeconds, config);
     // 후보 picture는 NPC용 preset이다. 후보가 사람 장수(npcState=0)가 되는
     // 순간부터는 명시적으로 선택한 계정 전용 아이콘 또는 기본 아이콘만 허용한다.
@@ -813,6 +807,7 @@ export const createGeneralFromSelectionPool = async (options: {
         dex5: isCentennial ? 0 : info.dex[4],
         next_change: nextChangeAt.toISOString(),
         nextChangeAt: nextChangeAt.toISOString(),
+        next_change_tick: nextChangeTick,
         prestart_delete_after: prestartDeleteAfter.toISOString(),
         ...(useOwnerPicture && options.ownerIconRevision ? { accountIconUpdatedAt: options.ownerIconRevision } : {}),
         npc_org: 0,
@@ -905,10 +900,7 @@ export const createGeneralFromSelectionPool = async (options: {
             id: token.id,
             ownerUserId: userId,
             generalId: null,
-            OR: [
-                { reservedUntilTick: { gte: BigInt(nowTick) } },
-                { reservedUntilTick: null, reservedUntil: { gte: now } },
-            ],
+            reservedUntilTick: { gte: BigInt(nowTick) },
         },
         data: {
             generalId,
@@ -925,7 +917,7 @@ export const createGeneralFromSelectionPool = async (options: {
         update: { userId, lastRefresh: options.operationalAcceptedAt },
         create: { generalId, userId, lastRefresh: options.operationalAcceptedAt },
     });
-    await clearUnusedReservations(db, userId, now, nowTick);
+    await clearUnusedReservations(db, userId, nowTick);
     await synchronizeSelectionPoolWorld(db, world);
 
     const ownerJosaYi = JosaUtil.pick(ownerDisplayName, '이');
@@ -949,11 +941,15 @@ export const reselectGeneralFromSelectionPool = async (options: {
     ownerDisplayName: string;
     uniqueName: string;
     now?: Date;
+    processingGameTick: number;
 }): Promise<{ ok: true; generalId: number }> => {
     const { db, world, worldState, userId, ownerDisplayName, uniqueName } = options;
     requirePoolWorld(worldState);
     const now = options.now ?? new Date();
-    const nowTick = resolveAcceptedGameTick(world, now);
+    const nowTick = options.processingGameTick;
+    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(nowTick)) {
+        fail('INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR', '장수 재선택 처리 tick이 안전한 정수 범위를 벗어났습니다.');
+    }
     await lockSelectionUser(db, userId);
     await lockSelectionMutationTables(db);
     await synchronizeSelectionPoolWorld(db, world);
@@ -968,11 +964,8 @@ export const reselectGeneralFromSelectionPool = async (options: {
     if (persistedGeneral.id !== general.id) {
         fail('INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR', 'DB와 턴 데몬의 장수 소유 정보가 일치하지 않습니다.');
     }
-    const nextChangeAt = readNextChangeAt(general.meta);
-    if (nextChangeAt && nextChangeAt.getTime() > now.getTime()) {
-        fail('PRECONDITION_FAILED', '아직 다시 고를 수 없습니다');
-    }
-    const token = await requireSelectionToken(db, userId, uniqueName, now, nowTick);
+    assertReselectionCooldown(general.meta, nowTick);
+    const token = await requireSelectionToken(db, userId, uniqueName, nowTick);
     const info = parseCandidate(token);
     const isCentennial = resolvePoolName(worldState) === CENTENNIAL_ALL_STAR_POOL;
 
@@ -982,10 +975,7 @@ export const reselectGeneralFromSelectionPool = async (options: {
             id: token.id,
             ownerUserId: userId,
             generalId: null,
-            OR: [
-                { reservedUntilTick: { gte: BigInt(nowTick) } },
-                { reservedUntilTick: null, reservedUntil: { gte: now } },
-            ],
+            reservedUntilTick: { gte: BigInt(nowTick) },
         },
         data: {
             generalId: provisionalGeneralId,
@@ -1014,9 +1004,8 @@ export const reselectGeneralFromSelectionPool = async (options: {
         throw new Error('장수 재선택 중 선택 후보 확정에 실패했습니다.');
     }
 
-    const cooldown = new Date(
-        now.getTime() + resolveTurnTermMinutes(worldState) * RESELECTION_TURN_MULTIPLIER * 60_000
-    );
+    const cooldownTick = nowTick + RESELECTION_TURN_MULTIPLIER * GAME_TICKS_PER_TURN;
+    const cooldown = world.gameTickToDate(cooldownTick);
     const centennialBaseGeneral = isCentennial
         ? {
               ...general,
@@ -1046,6 +1035,7 @@ export const reselectGeneralFromSelectionPool = async (options: {
             : {}),
         next_change: cooldown.toISOString(),
         nextChangeAt: cooldown.toISOString(),
+        next_change_tick: cooldownTick,
         ...buildScenarioGeneralPoolClaimMeta(
             parseScenarioGeneralPoolCandidate({ id: token.id, uniqueName: token.uniqueName, info: token.info }),
             now
@@ -1074,7 +1064,7 @@ export const reselectGeneralFromSelectionPool = async (options: {
     if (!updated) {
         throw new Error('턴 데몬에서 장수 정보를 갱신하지 못했습니다.');
     }
-    await clearUnusedReservations(db, userId, now, nowTick);
+    await clearUnusedReservations(db, userId, nowTick);
     await synchronizeSelectionPoolWorld(db, world);
 
     const ownerJosaYi = JosaUtil.pick(ownerDisplayName, '이');

app/game-engine/src/turn/unificationPersistence.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 import { asRecord, HALL_OF_FAME_TYPES, resolveLegacyTextColor, type HallOfFameType } from '@sammo-ts/common';
-import { acquireGameSchemaAdvisoryXactLock, enqueuePrivateMessageWebPush } from '@sammo-ts/infra';
+import {
+    acquireGameSchemaAdvisoryXactLock,
+    enqueuePrivateMessageWebPush,
+    persistMessageEnvelope,
+} from '@sammo-ts/infra';
 import type { GamePrisma, InputJsonValue } from '@sammo-ts/infra';
 import { LogCategory, LogScope, sendMessage, type MessageDraft, type MessageRecordDraft } from '@sammo-ts/logic';
 import {
@@ -119,22 +123,18 @@ interface HighestUnificationBidRow {
     meta: unknown;
 }
 
-const insertMessage = async (transaction: GamePrisma.TransactionClient, draft: MessageRecordDraft): Promise<number> => {
-    const rows = await transaction.$queryRaw<Array<{ id: number }>>`
-        INSERT INTO message (mailbox, type, src, dest, time, valid_until, message)
-        VALUES (
-            ${draft.mailbox},
-            ${draft.msgType},
-            ${draft.srcId},
-            ${draft.destId},
-            ${draft.time},
-            ${draft.validUntil},
-            CAST(${JSON.stringify(draft.payload)} AS jsonb)
-        )
-        RETURNING id
-    `;
-    const id = rows[0]?.id;
-    if (!id) throw new Error('Failed to persist unification auction cancellation message.');
+const insertMessage = async (
+    transaction: GamePrisma.TransactionClient,
+    world: InMemoryTurnWorld,
+    draft: MessageRecordDraft
+): Promise<number> => {
+    const clock = world.getGameClockState();
+    const id = await persistMessageEnvelope(transaction, draft, {
+        occurredGameTick: BigInt(world.dateToGameTick(draft.time)),
+        clockRevision: BigInt(clock.revision),
+        deadlineGeneration: BigInt(clock.deadlineGeneration),
+        expiresGameTick: null,
+    });
     await enqueuePrivateMessageWebPush(transaction, draft, id);
     return id;
 };
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ const cancelPendingUniqueAuctions = async (
             await sendMessage(
                 {
                     insertMessage: async (draft) => {
-                        const messageId = await insertMessage(transaction, draft);
+                        const messageId = await insertMessage(transaction, world, draft);
                         messageMailboxes.push(draft.mailbox);
                         return messageId;
                     },

app/game-engine/src/turn/worldCommandHandler.ts

@@ -278,18 +278,12 @@ const resolveSelectionCommandAcceptedAt = async (
     world: InMemoryTurnWorld,
     command: Extract<TurnDaemonCommand, { type: 'selectPoolReserve' | 'selectPoolCreate' | 'selectPoolReselect' }>
 ): Promise<Date> => {
-    const operationalAcceptedAt = await resolveCommandAcceptedAt(db, command);
+    await resolveCommandAcceptedAt(db, command);
     const processingGameTick = Reflect.get(command, 'processingGameTick');
     if (typeof processingGameTick === 'number' && Number.isSafeInteger(processingGameTick)) {
         return world.gameTickToDate(processingGameTick);
     }
-    if (command.acceptedGameTick !== undefined) {
-        return world.gameTickToDate(command.acceptedGameTick);
-    }
-    if (command.acceptedGameAt !== undefined) {
-        return new Date(command.acceptedGameAt);
-    }
-    return world.getGameNow(operationalAcceptedAt);
+    throw new Error(`${command.type} requires an authoritative daemon processing game tick.`);
 };
 
 const resolveOperationalAcceptedAt = async (
@@ -417,12 +411,9 @@ async function handleNpcPossessGeneral(
     }
     const operationalAcceptedAt = await resolveCommandAcceptedAt(db, command);
     const processingGameTick = Reflect.get(command, 'processingGameTick');
-    const acceptedAt =
-        typeof processingGameTick === 'number' && Number.isSafeInteger(processingGameTick)
-            ? ctx.world.gameTickToDate(processingGameTick)
-            : command.acceptedGameAt
-              ? new Date(command.acceptedGameAt)
-              : ctx.world.getGameNow(operationalAcceptedAt);
+    if (typeof processingGameTick !== 'number' || !Number.isSafeInteger(processingGameTick)) {
+        throw new Error('npcPossessGeneral requires an authoritative daemon processing game tick.');
+    }
     try {
         return {
             type: 'npcPossessGeneral',
@@ -436,7 +427,8 @@ async function handleNpcPossessGeneral(
                 ...(command.ownerLegacyPenalty !== undefined ? { ownerLegacyPenalty: command.ownerLegacyPenalty } : {}),
                 generalId: command.generalId,
                 tokenNonce: command.tokenNonce,
-                acceptedAt,
+                requestedAtWall: operationalAcceptedAt,
+                processingGameTick,
             })),
         };
     } catch (error) {
@@ -465,15 +457,11 @@ async function handleSelectPoolCreate(
     }
     const operationalAcceptedAt = await resolveCommandAcceptedAt(db, command);
     const processingGameTick = Reflect.get(command, 'processingGameTick');
-    const acceptedAt =
-        typeof processingGameTick === 'number' && Number.isSafeInteger(processingGameTick)
-            ? ctx.world.gameTickToDate(processingGameTick)
-            : command.acceptedGameTick !== undefined
-              ? ctx.world.gameTickToDate(command.acceptedGameTick)
-              : command.acceptedGameAt !== undefined
-                ? new Date(command.acceptedGameAt)
-                : ctx.world.getGameNow(operationalAcceptedAt);
-    const turnScheduleAt = ctx.world.getRunnableGameNow(operationalAcceptedAt);
+    if (typeof processingGameTick !== 'number' || !Number.isSafeInteger(processingGameTick)) {
+        throw new Error('selectPoolCreate requires an authoritative daemon processing game tick.');
+    }
+    const acceptedAt = ctx.world.gameTickToDate(processingGameTick);
+    const turnScheduleAt = acceptedAt;
     try {
         return {
             type: 'selectPoolCreate',
@@ -492,6 +480,7 @@ async function handleSelectPoolCreate(
                 now: acceptedAt,
                 turnScheduleAt,
                 operationalAcceptedAt,
+                processingGameTick,
             })),
         };
     } catch (error) {
@@ -530,10 +519,7 @@ async function handleSelectPoolReserve(
                 userId: command.userId,
                 seedOwnerIdentity: command.seedOwnerIdentity,
                 now: acceptedAt,
-                ...(command.acceptedGameTick === undefined ? {} : { acceptedGameTick: command.acceptedGameTick }),
-                ...(typeof Reflect.get(command, 'processingGameTick') === 'number'
-                    ? { processingGameTick: Reflect.get(command, 'processingGameTick') as number }
-                    : {}),
+                processingGameTick: Reflect.get(command, 'processingGameTick') as number,
             }),
         };
     } catch (error) {
@@ -572,6 +558,7 @@ async function handleSelectPoolReselect(
                 ownerDisplayName: command.ownerDisplayName,
                 uniqueName: command.uniqueName,
                 now: acceptedAt,
+                processingGameTick: Reflect.get(command, 'processingGameTick') as number,
             })),
         };
     } catch (error) {
@@ -2745,17 +2732,16 @@ type VotePollValidationRow = {
 
 export const hasVotePollDeadlinePassed = (
     poll: Pick<VotePollValidationRow, 'endAt' | 'endTick' | 'closedAt'>,
-    acceptedGameAt: Date,
-    acceptedGameTick: number
+    currentGameTick: number
 ): boolean => {
     const endTick =
         poll.endTick === null ? null : typeof poll.endTick === 'bigint' ? poll.endTick : BigInt(poll.endTick);
-    return (
-        poll.closedAt !== null ||
-        (endTick !== null
-            ? endTick < BigInt(acceptedGameTick)
-            : Boolean(poll.endAt && poll.endAt.getTime() < acceptedGameAt.getTime()))
-    );
+    if (poll.closedAt !== null) return true;
+    // No projection and no tick means an intentionally unbounded poll. A
+    // projection without its authoritative tick is a broken GAME deadline and
+    // therefore fails closed.
+    if (endTick === null) return poll.endAt !== null;
+    return endTick < BigInt(currentGameTick);
 };
 
 const parseVoteOptionCount = (value: unknown): number => {
@@ -2790,17 +2776,11 @@ const validateVoteSelectionInTransaction = async (
     const poll = rows[0];
     if (!poll) return '설문조사가 없습니다.';
 
-    const processingNow = ctx.world.getGameNow(new Date());
     const convertedProcessingTick = Reflect.get(command, 'processingGameTick');
-    const acceptedGameTick =
-        typeof convertedProcessingTick === 'number' && Number.isSafeInteger(convertedProcessingTick)
-            ? convertedProcessingTick
-            : (command.acceptedGameTick ?? ctx.world.dateToGameTick(processingNow));
-    const acceptedGameAt =
-        command.acceptedGameTick === undefined && convertedProcessingTick === undefined
-            ? processingNow
-            : ctx.world.gameTickToDate(acceptedGameTick);
-    if (hasVotePollDeadlinePassed(poll, acceptedGameAt, acceptedGameTick)) {
+    if (typeof convertedProcessingTick !== 'number' || !Number.isSafeInteger(convertedProcessingTick)) {
+        throw new Error('voteReward requires an authoritative daemon processing game tick.');
+    }
+    if (hasVotePollDeadlinePassed(poll, convertedProcessingTick)) {
         return '설문조사가 종료되었습니다.';
     }