diff --git a/app/game-api/src/router/vote/index.ts b/app/game-api/src/router/vote/index.ts
index 0eb358af..b52cf230 100644
--- a/app/game-api/src/router/vote/index.ts
+++ b/app/game-api/src/router/vote/index.ts
@@ -416,7 +416,6 @@ export const voteRouter = router({
         )
         .mutation(async ({ ctx, input }) => {
             const general = await getMyGeneral(ctx);
-            const openerName = ctx.auth?.user.username ?? general.name;
             const options = normalizeOptions(input.options);
             if (options.length === 0) {
                 throw new TRPCError({ code: 'BAD_REQUEST', message: '항목이 없습니다.' });
@@ -468,7 +467,7 @@ export const voteRouter = router({
                     ${multipleOptions},
                     ${input.revealMode},
                     ${general.id},
-                    ${openerName},
+                    ${general.name},
                     ${gameTime.now},
                     ${gameTime.tick === null ? null : BigInt(gameTime.tick)},
                     ${endAt},
diff --git a/app/game-api/test/createGeneral.integration.test.ts b/app/game-api/test/createGeneral.integration.test.ts
index ad0c613f..52ff8068 100644
--- a/app/game-api/test/createGeneral.integration.test.ts
+++ b/app/game-api/test/createGeneral.integration.test.ts
@@ -287,12 +287,16 @@ integration('generic general creation through the durable turn daemon', () => {
             accountIconUpdatedAt: '2026-07-30T00:00:00.000Z',
         });
         const createdAccess = await db.generalAccessLog.findUniqueOrThrow({ where: { generalId: created.id } });
+        const acceptedEvent = await db.inputEvent.findUniqueOrThrow({
+            where: { requestId: `join-create:${userId}:${clientRequestId}` },
+        });
         if (!createdAccess.lastRefresh) {
             throw new Error('created general must have an initial access timestamp');
         }
+        expect(createdAccess.lastRefresh).toEqual(acceptedEvent.createdAt);
         expect(
             new Date((created.meta as Record<string, unknown>).prestart_delete_after as string).getTime() -
-                createdAccess.lastRefresh.getTime()
+                acceptedEvent.createdAt.getTime()
         ).toBe(2 * 5 * 60 * 1_000);
         expect(runtime!.world.getGeneralById(created.id)).toMatchObject({
             id: created.id,
@@ -354,7 +358,7 @@ integration('generic general creation through the durable turn daemon', () => {
             attempts: 1,
             actorUserId: userId,
         });
-        expect(access.lastRefresh?.getTime()).toBe(runtime!.world.getGameNow(event.createdAt).getTime());
+        expect(access.lastRefresh?.getTime()).toBe(event.createdAt.getTime());
         const turnGridOffsetSeconds =
             ((created.turnTime.getTime() - runtime!.world.getState().lastTurnTime.getTime()) / 1000 + 300) % 300;
         expect(turnGridOffsetSeconds).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(35);
diff --git a/app/game-api/test/selectPool.integration.test.ts b/app/game-api/test/selectPool.integration.test.ts
index 11df30cd..920600e4 100644
--- a/app/game-api/test/selectPool.integration.test.ts
+++ b/app/game-api/test/selectPool.integration.test.ts
@@ -257,12 +257,17 @@ integration('scenario 903 select pool through the durable turn daemon', () => {
         const initial = await db.general.findFirstOrThrow({ where: { userId } });
         const initialRuntime = runtime!.world.getGeneralById(initial.id);
         const initialAccess = await db.generalAccessLog.findUniqueOrThrow({ where: { generalId: initial.id } });
+        const acceptedEvent = await db.inputEvent.findFirstOrThrow({
+            where: { actorUserId: userId, eventType: 'selectPoolCreate', status: 'SUCCEEDED' },
+            orderBy: { sequence: 'desc' },
+        });
         if (!initialAccess.lastRefresh) {
             throw new Error('selected general must have an initial access timestamp');
         }
+        expect(initialAccess.lastRefresh).toEqual(acceptedEvent.createdAt);
         expect(
             new Date((initial.meta as Record<string, unknown>).prestart_delete_after as string).getTime() -
-                initialAccess.lastRefresh.getTime()
+                acceptedEvent.createdAt.getTime()
         ).toBe(2 * 5 * 60 * 1_000);
         expect(initialRuntime).toMatchObject({
             id: initial.id,
diff --git a/app/game-api/test/voteRouter.test.ts b/app/game-api/test/voteRouter.test.ts
index a55ce09c..b169e63f 100644
--- a/app/game-api/test/voteRouter.test.ts
+++ b/app/game-api/test/voteRouter.test.ts
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ describe('vote router actor and permission boundaries', () => {
         expect(fixture.redisPublish).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
 
-    it('publishes a global front-status projection after creating a survey', async () => {
+    it('stores the authenticated general name and publishes a global projection after creating a survey', async () => {
         const auth = buildAuth(['admin.survey.open']);
         auth.user.username = 'admin-account';
         auth.user.displayName = '관리자 표시명';
@@ -285,8 +285,9 @@ describe('vote router actor and permission boundaries', () => {
         const insert = fixture.queryRaw.mock.calls
             .map(([query]) => query)
             .find((query) => sqlText(query).includes('INSERT INTO vote_poll'));
-        expect(insert?.values).toContain('admin-account');
-        expect(insert?.values).not.toContain('관리자 장수');
+        expect(insert?.values).toContain('관리자 장수');
+        expect(insert?.values).not.toContain('admin-account');
+        expect(insert?.values).not.toContain('관리자 표시명');
     });
 
     it('reports the current world develcost as the legacy five-times survey reward', async () => {
diff --git a/app/game-engine/src/turn/joinCreateGeneralService.ts b/app/game-engine/src/turn/joinCreateGeneralService.ts
index 99c8697d..a10488fa 100644
--- a/app/game-engine/src/turn/joinCreateGeneralService.ts
+++ b/app/game-engine/src/turn/joinCreateGeneralService.ts
@@ -522,8 +522,9 @@ export const createGeneralFromJoin = async (options: {
     worldState: WorldStateRow;
     input: JoinCreateGeneralInput;
     acceptedAt: Date;
+    operationalAcceptedAt: Date;
 }): Promise<{ ok: true; generalId: number }> => {
-    const { db, world, worldState, input, acceptedAt } = options;
+    const { db, world, worldState, input, acceptedAt, operationalAcceptedAt } = options;
     await lockJoinMutation(db, input.userId);
     await assertGeneralIdSnapshotMatches(db, world);
 
@@ -734,7 +735,10 @@ export const createGeneralFromJoin = async (options: {
     const nextInheritancePoint = currentInheritancePoint - inheritRequiredPoint;
     const restInheritanceBonus = await resolveRestInheritanceBonus(db, worldState, input.userId);
     const finalInheritancePoint = nextInheritancePoint + restInheritanceBonus;
-    const prestartDeleteAfter = buildPrestartDeleteAfter(acceptedAt, worldState.tickSeconds, config);
+    // Ref의 가오픈 삭제 대기는 정지된 게임 clock이 아니라 실제 요청 접수 시각부터 흐른다.
+    // 미래 정식 오픈에 clock을 고정한 PREOPEN에서도 사용자가 가오픈 중 두 턴을 기다리면
+    // 삭제할 수 있어야 하므로 RNG/턴 배치용 acceptedAt과 이 벽시계 경계를 분리한다.
+    const prestartDeleteAfter = buildPrestartDeleteAfter(operationalAcceptedAt, worldState.tickSeconds, config);
     const general: TurnGeneral = {
         id: generalId,
         userId: input.userId,
@@ -839,11 +843,11 @@ export const createGeneralFromJoin = async (options: {
     });
     await db.generalAccessLog.upsert({
         where: { generalId },
-        update: { userId: input.userId, lastRefresh: acceptedAt },
+        update: { userId: input.userId, lastRefresh: operationalAcceptedAt },
         create: {
             generalId,
             userId: input.userId,
-            lastRefresh: acceptedAt,
+            lastRefresh: operationalAcceptedAt,
         },
     });
     if (inheritRequiredPoint > 0) {
diff --git a/app/game-engine/src/turn/selectPoolService.ts b/app/game-engine/src/turn/selectPoolService.ts
index ceb255ba..ba448e96 100644
--- a/app/game-engine/src/turn/selectPoolService.ts
+++ b/app/game-engine/src/turn/selectPoolService.ts
@@ -690,6 +690,7 @@ export const createGeneralFromSelectionPool = async (options: {
     uniqueName: string;
     personality: string;
     now?: Date;
+    operationalAcceptedAt: Date;
     seedOwnerIdentity?: string | number;
     ownerPicture?: string;
     ownerImageServer?: number;
@@ -754,7 +755,7 @@ export const createGeneralFromSelectionPool = async (options: {
     const nextChangeAt = new Date(
         now.getTime() + resolveTurnTermMinutes(worldState) * RESELECTION_TURN_MULTIPLIER * 60_000
     );
-    const prestartDeleteAfter = buildPrestartDeleteAfter(now, worldState.tickSeconds, config);
+    const prestartDeleteAfter = buildPrestartDeleteAfter(options.operationalAcceptedAt, worldState.tickSeconds, config);
     const showImgLevel = asNumber(config.showImgLevel, 0);
     const useOwnerPicture =
         showImgLevel >= 1 && typeof options.ownerPicture === 'string' && options.ownerPicture !== 'default.jpg';
@@ -893,8 +894,8 @@ export const createGeneralFromSelectionPool = async (options: {
     }
     await db.generalAccessLog.upsert({
         where: { generalId },
-        update: { userId, lastRefresh: now },
-        create: { generalId, userId, lastRefresh: now },
+        update: { userId, lastRefresh: options.operationalAcceptedAt },
+        create: { generalId, userId, lastRefresh: options.operationalAcceptedAt },
     });
     await clearUnusedReservations(db, userId, now, nowTick);
     await synchronizeSelectionPoolWorld(db, world);
diff --git a/app/game-engine/src/turn/worldCommandHandler.ts b/app/game-engine/src/turn/worldCommandHandler.ts
index e02b7cd6..70b12f13 100644
--- a/app/game-engine/src/turn/worldCommandHandler.ts
+++ b/app/game-engine/src/turn/worldCommandHandler.ts
@@ -296,6 +296,7 @@ async function handleJoinCreateGeneral(
                     ...(command.inheritBonusStat !== undefined ? { inheritBonusStat: command.inheritBonusStat } : {}),
                 },
                 acceptedAt,
+                operationalAcceptedAt,
             })),
         };
     } catch (error) {
@@ -366,7 +367,13 @@ async function handleSelectPoolCreate(
     if (!worldState) {
         throw new Error('Selection-pool world state is missing.');
     }
-    const acceptedAt = await resolveSelectionCommandAcceptedAt(db, ctx.world, command);
+    const operationalAcceptedAt = await resolveCommandAcceptedAt(db, command);
+    const acceptedAt =
+        command.acceptedGameTick !== undefined
+            ? ctx.world.gameTickToDate(command.acceptedGameTick)
+            : command.acceptedGameAt !== undefined
+              ? new Date(command.acceptedGameAt)
+              : ctx.world.getGameNow(operationalAcceptedAt);
     try {
         return {
             type: 'selectPoolCreate',
@@ -383,6 +390,7 @@ async function handleSelectPoolCreate(
                 ...(command.ownerImageServer !== undefined ? { ownerImageServer: command.ownerImageServer } : {}),
                 ...(command.ownerIconRevision ? { ownerIconRevision: command.ownerIconRevision } : {}),
                 now: acceptedAt,
+                operationalAcceptedAt,
             })),
         };
     } catch (error) {